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Spatio‐Temporal Patterns of Open Surface Water in the Central Valley of California 2000‐2011: Drought,Land Cover,and Waterbirds
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Matthew E. Reiter Nathan Elliott Sam Veloz Dennis Jongsomjit Catherine M. Hickey Matt Merrifield Mark D. Reynolds 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(6):1722-1738
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The diamond cartel has remained effective in controlling diamond supplies and prices for a longer period than any other major minerals cartel in the twentieth century. This paper examines the diamond pipeline from mine to the jewellery market. Particular attention is given to the characteristics of diamonds and of the industry structure that make the long-term stability of the cartel possible. The strategies of De Beers Consolidated Diamond Mines in controlling rough gem supplies and prices are examined, and projections are made to 2000. The paper shows that in spite of a projected decrease in the share of total diamond production sold through the De Beers' cartel in the 1990s, the cartel is expected to continue effectively to control supplies and prices. 相似文献
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Antoine Ayoub 《Natural resources forum》1990,14(2):163-167
Current surplus oil production capacity had its origins in the price increases of the 1970s. Those increases encouraged both energy conservation and the entry of new producers. Recent increases in oil demand reflect the belief among energy users that in real terms in the long term, prices will be stable. There is good reason to believe that this will be so, even at the current rate of increase it will be 15 years before demand matches current capacity. Given that situation it is difficult to see OPEC following any other pricing policy than the one currently in place. In the meantime market prices will further encourage vertical integration. 相似文献
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Paul M. Bradley Jeffrey H. Writer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):334-342
Biodegradation of [A‐ring 14C] Estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) to 14CO2 was investigated under light and dark conditions in microcosms containing epilithon or sediment collected from Boulder Creek, Colorado. Mineralization of the estrogen A‐ring was observed in all sediment treatments, but not epilithon treatments. No difference in net mineralization between light and dark treatments was observed for 14C‐E2. Net mineralization of 14C‐E1 and 14C‐EE2 was enhanced in light treatments. Extents of 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were significantly greater for E2 than E1 under dark conditions, but were comparable under light conditions. These results indicate substantial differences in the uptake and metabolism of E1 and E2 in the environment and suggest biorecalcitrance of E1 relative to E2 in light‐limited environments. The extent of 14CO2 accumulation and rate of mineralization for EE2 in dark treatments were less than half of that observed for E2 and generally lower than for E1, consistent with previous reports of EE2 biorecalcitrance. However, 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were comparable for EE2, E2, and E1 under light conditions. These results indicate photoactivation and/or phototransformation/photodegradation processes can substantially enhance heterotrophic biodegradation of estrogens in sunlit environments and may play an important role in estrogen transport and attenuation. 相似文献
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YUKO YANO 《Natural resources forum》1985,9(3):231-232
Book revewed in this article:
SADCC: Energy and Development to the Year 2000 Editors : Jorge Tavares de Carvalho Simoaes 相似文献
SADCC: Energy and Development to the Year 2000 Editors : Jorge Tavares de Carvalho Simoaes 相似文献
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Chencho Norbu Prof. Timothy J. Downs Edward Yeboah Dr. L.J.R. Scholtens Dr. Jyotsna Bapat Maren Oelbermann Ph.D. Sayyed Ahang Kowsar Jaime Alexandra Webbe Bram Govaerts Ph.D. Nele Verhulst M. Sc. Goodspeed Kopolo Maria Rosário Partidário Mr. N’guessan Alphonse Kouassi John All Ph.D. JD Narcisa Pricope Leslie Lipper 《Natural resources forum》2008,32(3):252-256
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《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(6):1549-1558
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《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(6):1303-1306
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《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(6):1607-1616
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《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2011,47(6):1372-1378
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《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(6):1617-1621
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《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(6):1297-1302