介孔过渡金属氧化物的合成、改性及在水处理中应用研究

介孔过渡金属氧化物以较大的孔径和比表面积、多变价态和多活性位点等优势得到广泛关注。介绍了介孔过渡金属氧化物的发展现状,简述了以模板法为代表的合成及改性方法,并从催化、吸附和消毒3个方向简述了其在水处理中的应用及研究展望。     

大气污染防治

纳米 TiO2薄膜光催化剂 及其在空气净化上的应用 1.成果简介 纳米 TiO2具有很强的光催化活性，并且具有安全，廉价，应用范围广，无污染，不需高温，节能等优点，是最具有开发前途的绿色环保型催化剂之一。对各种有机污染物，氮氧化合物有很强的氧化净化作用，并且对细菌具有很强的杀灭性能，同时还可以净化各种病毒。在改善人类生活质量和身体健康上有广泛的应用前景。 　　利用纳米粉体，纳米薄膜以及纳米负载技术，结合材料的纳米复合，纳米结构控制，纳米掺杂以及介孔控制等技术，研究出具有高性能的光催化剂。同时在材料的纳米结构…     

层状双金属氢氧化物吸附材料在水处理中的研究进展

层状双金属氢氧化物(Layer double hydroxides,简称LDHs)类材料因具有阴离子交换、记忆效应、耐高温、耐酸碱等特殊性能,在功能高分子材料、化妆品、医药、电工、塑料、环境保护等行业具有广泛的研究和应用价值。根据近年来国内外相关学者研究成果,本文分析了LDHs材料在阴离子有机物和重金属的去除、工业废水处理、污染物指示材料、废物回收、材料加工等方面的技术研究和实际应用进展,有助于全面了解层状双金属氢氧材料在水处理领域的研究应用情况,为进一步发掘其潜在应用价值提供思路。     

改性介孔二氧化硅对硫化氢的吸附研究

以均匀沉淀法合成金属氧化物改性介孔二氧化硅,并通过气体穿透实验考察了其吸附H_2S气体的性能。实验表明,CuO负载量为40%(质量分数)、450℃下焙烧4h制备的改性二氧化硅具有最佳的吸附性能,其穿透时间为247.3min,穿透吸附量达50.5mg/g。     

大孔吸附树脂的研究及在环保中的应用

介绍了大孔吸附树脂的发展历史、分类和吸附机理,重点论述了大孔吸附树脂在含酚、含卤代烃、含苯胺、含重金属废水以及有机废气等环保领域中的应用,并对大孔树脂的发展进行了展望。     

汽车内饰材料耐候性分析研究

汽车装饰件材料主要有PC、PP、PS等高分子材料,高分子材料具有刚性大、电绝缘性好、质量轻、易加工等特点,应用广泛。通过对汽车装饰材料进行拉伸强度、冲击强度等力学性能,以及透光率和雾度等光学性能的测试,研究汽车装饰材料在自然老化过程中的性能变化规律,分析影响其耐候性的因素。     

含油污泥热解残渣吸附性能初探＊

含油污泥热解残渣的处理和应用是石油石化企业生产领域急需解决的难题。以含油污泥热解残渣为研究对象,在对其进行无害化处理的基础上,对热解残渣的吸附性能进行了探讨。通过能谱分析可知,热解残渣由碳和无机元素组成,碳元素含量达36.92%;通过SEM电镜扫描、比表面积和孔结构等吸附性质表征研究,含油污泥热解残渣吸附性能优良,对含油污水中的石油类和COD有较好的去除作用。研究结果表明:含油污泥热解残渣可作为一种吸附材料,这项研究为含油污泥热解残渣的资源化利用提供了一条途径。     

硅橡胶材料在电力设备外绝缘上的应用

电力设备外绝缘材料长期以来一直是电瓷、玻璃等无机材料的一统天下，硅橡胶材料问世以来由于其优异的电绝缘性能和耐老化性能，逐步在电力设备上获得应用。八十年代以来，硅橡胶材料以卓越的耐污闪能力而异军突起，在我国电力设备外绝缘上得到广泛应用，而且发展的势头很猛，对无机材料在电力设备外绝缘上的统治地位提出了有力的挑战。本文介绍了硅橡胶材料在电力设备外绝缘上的具体应用，并展望了它的发展前景。     

文摘

实际上所有聚合材料的性能都随时间变化。研制在老化过程中具有高稳定性的聚合材料是有现实意义的。这些材料必须具备耐抗实际使用条件的环境因素综合作用的性能以及长期贮存稳定性。研究了聚酰胺、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和甲醛一二氧戊环共聚物为基的复合材料的介电性能及它们在高温和潮湿条件下老化前后的性能变化情况。所得结果可以预测由这些材料制作的零部件在实际运行条件下的使用可能性。     

NH2-MIL-101(Fe)的制备及其对染料的吸附性能研究

化工染料在工业生产中的广泛应用造成了极大的环境污染,且普遍存在多种不同染料污染共存的情况。水体中多种染料的去除是目前亟待解决的问题。NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)材料因其比表面积大、骨架结构稳定、功能多样化等特性成为一种具有极大应用潜力的染料吸附材料。通过水热法合成了NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)材料,并对其对甲基橙、亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附性能进行了研究,证明了NH₂-MIL-101(Fe)材料可作为一种具有多场景应用潜力的染料去除剂,为该材料的工业应用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

Reclamation of wastes contaminated by copper,lead, and zinc

Waste materials containing toxic levels of copper, lead, and zinc, such as mine and smelter wastes, present difficult conditions for the establishment of vegetation. This article reviews the many attempts which have been made to reclaim these wastes. Inert wastes from mining and quarrying operations, such as slate quarry waste and certain colliery shales, seem to be good materials for reclaiming wastes contaminated by copper, lead, and zinc. Organic wastes, such as sewage sludge and domestic refuse, may provide only a temporary visual improvement and stabilization of the toxic materials.Nontolerant plant materials may often be planted directly on modern waste materials, which are less toxic than they were in the past. However, tolerant plant materials are needed for revegetating waste materials produced by early and more primitive extraction methods.     

多孔材料对车用聚丙烯材料VOC问题的改善

通过考察不同类型的多孔材料对白油蒸汽的吸附能力,选择高效的多孔材料作为VOC吸附剂添加到车用聚丙烯材料中,测试经过改性后材料的TVOC含量,结果表明:多孔材料有效地吸附了聚丙烯及加工过程中产生的长链烷烃,并在测试温度下不会解吸附,从而使得材料的TVOC含量达到客户的标准要求。     

Utilization of coal combustion by-products in sustainable construction materials

Solid waste management is gaining significant importance with the ever-increasing quantities of industrial by-products and wastes. With the environmental awareness and scarcity of space for landfilling, wastes/by-product utilization has become an attractive alternative to disposal. Several industrial by-products are produced from manufacturing processes, service industries and municipal solid wastes. Some of these industrial by-products/waste materials could possibility be used in cement-based materials.Coal combustion by-products (CCBs) represent incombustible materials left after combustion of coal in conventional and/or advanced clean-coal technology combustors. These include fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products from advanced clean-coal technology combustors. This paper briefly describes various coal combustion products produced, as well as current best recycling use options for these materials. Materials, productions, properties, potential applications in manufacture of emerging materials for sustainable construction, as well as environmental impact are also briefly discussed.     

Evaluation of recycling efforts of aircraft companies in Wichita

The number of manufactured aircraft has been continuously increasing worldwide because of the high demand for airline transportation. During manufacturing, many advanced materials and devices are used to build various sizes and shapes of aircraft. However, most of these materials and devices require considerable energy and labor to produce, so reusing these at any life stage of the aircraft offers many economic and environmental benefits, and is considered lucrative and environmentally responsible. Several recyclable materials—composites, metals and alloys, wires, wood, paper, plastics, electronics, and avionics—emerge as waste streams during the manufacturing of aircraft. Many aircraft companies have been recycling these materials to remanufacture aircraft parts or other products for more sustainable production. In the present study, we evaluated the recycling efforts of local aircraft companies in Wichita, KS. These efforts were considered in terms of recycling efficiency/rate and environmental benefits. These included cradle-to-gate (CTG) life-cycle inventory analysis of the materials, carbon dioxide emissions, virgin material replacement with recycled materials, and natural resources usage. Our findings show that there exists a significant potential for contributions to sustainability as well as environmental and health benefits in the region from recycling by aircraft manufacturing plants.     

Materials Exchanges: An exploratory US survey

We characterise US materials exchanges by means of an exploratory survey, with 63 respondents classified by materials handled, organisation type and implementation strategy. Few respondents handle hazardous materials; instead, most focus on pre-consumer items such as building materials or post-consumer durable goods such as furniture. Non-profit organisations and state/local government agencies predominate in this niche, which fills a gap between ubiquitous for-profit scrap recyclers and used-merchandise stores. There are three distinct implementation strategies: passive listers of materials; active brokers, who become involved in each transaction; and those who take possession of materials for storage and display in a warehouse. Warehouse operations typically have a local focus and a loyal customer base, whereas passive listing services serve larger areas and are undergoing consolidation. Passive listing services appear to be relatively marginal enterprises, although the adoption of Internet technology is improving their viability.     

灌封材料与环境适应性

本文简述了几种灌封材料的特性,包括环氧树脂灌封胶、聚氨酯灌封胶和有机硅灌封胶。并针对水、辐射、温度/热、氧和臭氧、微生物因素和机械应力等环境因素对灌封料的影响进行分析。     

污染底泥掩蔽材料筛选综述

随着经济的高速发展,水体底泥污染已成为世界性的一个环境问题。掩蔽修复是一种修复效果明显,且工程造价较低的水体底泥修复技术,而掩蔽技术的关键在于掩蔽材料的选择。本文主要介绍了水泥、粉煤灰、沸石、方解石、铝盐等研究较为成熟的且具有应用前景的掩蔽材料,分析其各自的原理及优缺点。同时作者在文章中提出了一种新的掩蔽剂——净水厂改性污泥,对其的可行性进行了分析。并就掩蔽材料的选择的技术要求以及原则作出分析。     

Recent progress in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials: A review

Natural energy sources like petrol and diesel are going to be diminished in the coming future which will lead to increase in the prices and demands of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is important to find a sustainable alternate of fossil fuels. Bioethanol is one of the alternatives, which is produced from different feedstocks including sugar-based, starch-based and lignocellulose-based materials through fermentation. Since sugar-based (sugar cane and sugar beet) and starch-based (corn) materials are sources of staple food, therefore, research on lignocellulosic materials for bioethanol production is a subject of recent studies. Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials involves different steps, such as pretreatment, hydrolysis, followed by fermentation process and finally ethanol purification. In this review, we have summarized the recent progresses in bioethanol production and processing from lignocellulosic materials.     

汽车用材料耐久性试验评价技术

分析概述环境条件和环境因素对汽车用的塑料、涂装等材料的影响和国内的现状，介绍国内外有关的评价试验方法和标准及试验技术，对国内提高汽车用材料的耐候性和耐久性水平提出探讨性建议意见。     

Sugarcane bagasse—The future composite material: A literature review

The natural, bio-degradable features and chemical constituents of the sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been attracting attention as a highly potential and versatile ingredient in composite materials. Eco-friendly and low cost considerations have set the momentum for material science researchers to identify green materials that give low pollutant indexes. Various components of SCB is shown to possess the ability of being applied as raw material for manufacturing of composite materials at multiple levels of properties and performances. Studies on the impacts, performances and applications of SCB in its original condition; transformed forms; treated with appropriate chemicals and/or processes; in combination with materials of distinct properties and manipulation of manufacturing methodologies have been duly considered. This paper attempts to summarize a review of current literature on the extensive studies that have been undertaken in an attempt to explore plausible applications and potentials of SCB for composite material.