台湾燃煤电厂的环境保护

一、台湾的燃煤电厂台湾的电力由台湾电力公司(台电)供应。到1988年底止,台机系统装机总容量为1658.9万千瓦,其中燃煤机组395.5万千瓦,燃油325万千瓦,燃气轮机等168.2万千瓦,核电514.4万千瓦,水电255.8万     

建好、用好、管好电厂环保设施

华能国际电力开发公司成立于一九八五年六月,六年来在国家计委及能源部的关怀领导下,遵照国务院关于利用外资、集资办电的方针,与西欧、北美、日本、苏联等数十家著名制造厂商签订了15个发电厂成套设备的进口合同,至今已投产机组容量320万千瓦,加上在建工程容量380万千瓦和前期准备工程的发电容量250万千瓦。共计950万千瓦;截止今年三月底累计发电量222亿度,缓解了部分地区严重缺电的局面。最近能源部黄毅诚部长和史大桢副部长指出:华能已经成为不可忽视的办电力量,是电力工业中一个     

火力发电厂环境保护设计管理工作

一、“七五”火电厂环保设计管理工作基本情况 1.环评任务完成情况据统计,“七五”期间(以冬季大气测试的年度为准)需要编制环境影响报告书(即规划容量超过5万千瓦)的工程,环评工作共完成104项,评价容量6116万千瓦。其中华北地区30项2606.4万千瓦;东北地区14项972.6万千瓦,华东地区19项777.5万千瓦;中南地区24项1119.5万千瓦;西南地区11项365万千瓦;西北地区6项275万千瓦。     

干除灰技术现状及发展前景

1987年我国发电装机容量已突破一亿千瓦,其中7300多万千瓦是以燃煤为主的火电厂,每年约排出5000万吨灰渣。预计到本世纪末,发电装机容量将达到2.4亿千瓦,其中火电装机占1.6～1.8亿千瓦,年排灰渣达1.6     

防治温排水的热污染,提高电厂的经济效益

电厂一般临近大江、大河、大海,目前我国沿海已建成或正在建的电厂近3千万千瓦,预测还得建3千万到4干万瓦,而一座1百万千瓦的火力发电厂所需的冷却水量约40m~3/s,冷却水经凝汽器后,水温约升高8～10°。因此,电厂的温排水对受纳水域的影响如何,必须给予认真的评估。1978年夏季,华东地区持续干旱高温,此时,望     

四川省中型迳流式水电站环境影响

四川是我国中型水电资源最丰富的地区。全省已经查勘规划有中型水电梯级的河流计有65条,拟建中型水电站227座,可开发装机容量1490万千瓦,年发电量851亿千瓦小时,占四川省可开发水能资源装机     

洛河电厂电除尘器运行及检修概况

本文介绍安徽洛河电厂30万千瓦机组电除尘器的运行、检修和改进经验,对电除尘器的设计、制造、安装、远行和检修,以及除灰系统与除灰机械的设计等方面,都有参考价值。     

火电广冲灰水 pH 超标的治理

目前,我国火力发电厂普遍采用水冲灰系统,以水灰比1:20计,一座80万千瓦火电厂每小时冲灰水量约2000吨,其量相当可观。因煤灰中含有一定量的碱性氧化物,尤其是游离氧化钙,在冲灰过程中逐步消化释放,致使冲灰排水 pH 超标和冲灰管结垢,影响了电厂的安全发电,且对周围水体带来污染。据对全国125个装机5万千瓦以上的电厂实测调查统计,全国约有一半以上的     

电厂贮灰场纯灰上种植小冠花研究

秦岭发电厂装机容量105万千瓦,年耗煤量300万吨,有75万吨灰渣排入灰场,占地2000余亩。其中一期装机25万千瓦,1973年投产,灰场占地420亩,至今已存灰225万吨。灰层平均高出地面6米,现基本无法容纳新     

利用瓦勃氏呼吸仪研究废水生物处理中的问题

本文介绍了利用瓦勃式呼吸仪测定活性污泥耗氧速率,从中分析研究各种废水的生化处理特性,进而推算某些废水处理系统的运转参数。     

Production and characterization of glazed tiles containing incinerated sewage sludge

In this article, glaze with different colorants was applied to tile specimens manufactured by incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) and clay. Improvements using different amounts of colorants, and glaze components and concentrations on tile bodies were investigated. Four different proportions of clay (by weight ratio) were replaced by ISSA. Tiles of size 12 cm x 6 cm x 1 cm were made and left in an electric furnace to make biscuit tiles at 800 degrees C. Afterwards, four colorants, Fe2O3 (red), V2O5 (yellow), CoCO3 (blue), and MnO2 (purple), and four different glaze concentrations were applied on biscuit tile specimens. These specimens were later sintered into glazed tiles at 1050 degrees C. The study shows that replacement of clay by sludge ash had adverse effects on properties of tiles. Water absorption increased and bending strength reduced with increased amounts of ash. However, both water absorption and bending strength improved for glazed ash tiles. Abrasion of grazed tiles reduced noticeably from 0.001 to 0.002 g. This implies glaze can enhance abrasion resistance of tiles. Effects like lightfastness and acid-alkali resistance improved as different glazes were applied on tiles. In general, red glazed tiles showed the most stable performance, followed by blue, yellow, and purple.     

Fast firing of tiles containing paper mill sludge, glass cullet and clay

The paper describes results obtained in the development of a previous research. We study here, in fast firing, the sintering behaviour and measure some properties of tiles containing a mixture of 60 wt% of paper mill sludge and 40 wt% of glass cullet. The behaviour of this material is compared to those displayed by materials obtained by the same mixture added with 10, 20 and 30 wt% of a natural red clay. In parallel, the same properties are measured also on a reference blend, which is presently used to produce commercial tiles. We show that powders containing 60 wt% of paper sludge and 40 wt% of glass cullet to which 30 wt% of clay is added give rise to materials that display a stable sintering process and have good hardness and strength and therefore could be used for the industrial production of tiles.     

Coal fly ash utilization: low temperature sintering of wall tiles

We present here a study of the sintering of fly ash and its mixture with low alkali pyrophyllite in the presence of sodium hexa meta phosphate (SHMP), a complex activator of sintering, for the purpose of wall tile manufacturing. The sintering of fly ash with SHMP in the temperature range 925-1050 degrees C produces tiles with low impact strength; however, the incremental addition of low alkali pyrophyllite improves impact strength. The impact strength of composites with 40% (w/w) pyrophyllite in the fly ash-pyrophyllite mix satisfies the acceptable limit (19.6J/m) set by the Indian Standards Institute for wall tiles. Increasing the pyrophyllite content results in an increase in the apparent density of tiles, while shrinkage and water absorption decrease. The strength of fly ash tiles is attributed to the formation of a silicophosphate phase; in pyrophyllite rich tiles, it is attributed to the formation of a tridymite-structured T-AlPO(4) phase. Scanning electron micrographs show that the reinforcing rod shaped T-AlPO(4) crystals become more prominent as the pyrophyllite content increases in the sintered tiles.     

Fly ash of mineral coal as ceramic tiles raw material

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of mineral coal fly ash as a raw material in the production of ceramic tiles. The samples of fly ash came from Capivari de Baixo, a city situated in the Brazilian Federal State of Santa Catarina. The fly ash and the raw materials were characterized regarding their physical chemical properties, and, based on these results; batches containing fly ash and typical raw materials for ceramic tiles were prepared. The fly ash content in the batches varied between 20 and 80 wt%. Specimens were molded using a uniaxial hydraulic press and were fired. All batches containing ash up to 60 wt% present adequate properties to be classified as several kinds of products in the ISO 13006 standard () regarding its different absorption groups (pressed). The results obtained indicate that fly ash, when mixed with traditional raw materials, has the necessary requirements to be used as a raw material for production of ceramic tiles.     

Exploitation of iron ore tailing for the development of ceramic tiles

India ranks as the sixth largest producer of iron ore in the world. The current practice of washing iron ore in India generates as high as 18 million tonnes of tailings per year. These tailings are stored in massive ponds and pose environmental hazards. Safe disposal or utilisation of these materials thus remains a challenging task for the iron ore industry in India. The present paper describes a new development in managing these tailings by converting them into value added products such as ceramic floor and wall tiles for building application. These tiles have high strength and hardness compared to conventional tiles and conform to most of the EN standards. Energy economy and lower production costs are some other benefits.     

Recycled tire granular for playground in hot regions: technical assessment

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Scrap tire granulation used for crumb rubber tiles and poured-in-place rubber surfaces are waste management strategy for the overgrowing tire...     

Characterizations of temperature effects on sintered ceramics manufactured with waste foundry sand and clay

The objects of this study were to use waste foundry sand (WFS) to manufacture reclaimed resource tiles and to determine the effects of different kiln temperatures on the properties of the reclaimed WFS tiles. In this study, clay was replaced with 0 or 15 % WFS to manufacture tile specimens. Four different kiln temperatures (1000, 1050, 1100, and 1150 °C) were used in this study for the manufacture of tile specimens. The test results showed that using 15 % WFS in the tile specimens allowed the kiln temperature to be lowered by 50 °C. This temperature reduction is helpful for reducing costs and energy consumption and carbon reduction. Moreover, when the kiln temperature increased from 1000 to 1100 °C and the specimens were placed in acidic and alkaline solutions, the weight loss of the tile specimens containing 15 % WFS was half that of the specimens containing 0 % WFS. The acid-alkali resistance of the tile specimens containing 15 % WFS was also improved. This result suggested that the WFS replacement and kiln temperature affected the properties of the tile specimens.     

Use of municipal incinerator bottom ash as sintering promoter in industrial ceramics

The use of glassy frits obtained from municipal incinerator bottom ash and glass cullet, as sintering promoters in the production process of porcelainized stoneware, was investigated. The emphasis was on studying the similarities and differences with respect to the standard body. The characterization involved the application of several techniques: chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, linear shrinkage during firing, water absorption, bending strength and spot resistance test. The results show that, the addition of these glassy frits in the body improve the characteristics of water absorption and spot resistance which is related to the absence of surface porosity originated by the glassy phase. Moreover, addition of glassy frits to the porcelanized stoneware body does not change significantly its bending strength. In the firing conditions used there is a slight worsening in the tiles planarity, while there is a significant modification of the color, which becomes darker with respect to the base body.     

Cathode ray tube glass recycling: an example of clean technology.

In this study the use of 'cleaned' end of life (EOL) cathode ray tube (CRT) glass as a raw material in ceramic glazes is described. At present, the recycling and industrial utilization of CRT, a glass material from TV and computer sets, is a subject of intense research with particular regard to the so-called open-loop recycling, namely cycles different from that of the origin. However, the use of CRT glass as a secondary raw material is strictly related to the demand of high-quality raw material. The good preliminary results reached by introducing clean TV and PC monitor panel and cone glass into ceramic glaze formulations pushed research toward the setting-up of a base glaze that is exploitable for the production of pigmented, silk-screened and flame-hardened glazes (products used industrially for coating floor tiles). The aesthetic and chemical characterization of the tiles glazed by this product showed an extremely similar behaviour to originals that did not contain CRT glass. The good technical results achieved have been supported by the life cycle assessment analysis, which has demonstrated a reduction of the environmental impact of the CRT glass-containing ceramic glaze with respect to the standard one.     

泡沫玻璃砖在烟囱防腐中的应用

火电厂燃煤烟气中存在一定量的SO3,会显著降低烟气的酸露点。由于湿法脱硫后烟温低于酸露点,烟气中的SO3与水蒸汽形成的硫酸蒸汽会凝结下来,造成混凝土烟囱的低温腐蚀。以2×135MW机组烟气脱硫技改工程湿烟囱防腐为例,详细介绍了烟囱内衬泡沫玻璃砖防腐的施工工序、技术要求及注意事项。