港口城市发展战略初步研究——兼评“港兴城兴，港衰城衰”的发展思想

港口城市的空间结构实际上是港口空间地域与城市空间地域的结合,二者发展取向相异却结合为一体.长期以来"港兴城兴,港衰城衰"的发展思想成为各港口城市的发展与规划理念,以致我国沿海城市大量兴建港口设施和出台促进港口业发展的政策,导致城市间港口群的竞争加剧,资源重复配置.本文总结不同的港口城市发展历程,发现港口的发展与港口城市的发展不一定要保持-致,"港衰"不一定引起"城衰".港口城市的可持续发展应该是港口功能发挥与腹地社会经济发展相互作用的结果,港口功能的调整、腹地社会经济的发展以及地区制度和政策的制定,三者应加以统筹考虑.当前我国港口城市的可持续发展,一方面要探索港口与港口城市发展差异化的可能性,另一方面要依循经济发展重心转移调整港口城市发展战略.     

我国农业可持续发展战略及选择

我国农业可持续发展战略及选择冯保初（山东大学学报编辑部）一、农业可持续发展面临的严峻形势农业是国民经济的基础。我国的国民经济能否持续、稳定、高速发展，农业是关键。当今世界由于经济增长和人口剧增，掠夺性的资源开发和利用，带来了森林面积减少，水土流失、土...     

发展循环经济是实现区域可持续发展的战略选择

发展循环经济是实施可持续发展战略的重要举措，本文分析了循环经济的理论进展和实践意义；认为发展循环经济是实现可持续发展的重要途径；指出发展生态工业，推行清洁生产环境管理，培育垃圾产业是循环经济的重点；提出了发展循环经济的主要对策。     

资源综合利用：可持续发展的战略选择

本文分析了我国资源综合利用取得的成绩及其存在的问题,指出全方位开展资源综合利用是可持续发展的重要途径,并阐述了加强与深化资源综合利用的对策。     

中国可持续发展战略实施的进展及其趋势

本文对中国实施可持续发展战略的现状和进展进行了全国的回顾和总结,对未来中国可持续发展的整体态势和主要趋势进行了分析和展望。     

可持续发展理念下的经济战略选择

本文在提出人类改造自然过程中所遇到的主要主要矛盾的基础上，运用经济学原理讨论了可持续发展的环境价值观念和生产力优先发展理念对经济发展战略选择的影响，并用动态规划模型予以描述，提出了适宜的经济发展战略的政策建议。     

循环经济:可持续发展战略的新探索

从200多前的欧洲工业革命开始，随着人类社会的不断进步，经济发展与生态环境两者之间逐渐对立起来，由于过分偏重经济发展，轻视生态环境保护，出现了许多生态环境问题，给人类生活带来了许多不便。21世纪将是人类与自然和谐共生的时代，为了保持生活水平的不断提高和经济的可持续发展，实现生态保护与经济发展二者之间的平衡，循环经济的发展和循环型社会的建立日显重要。     

中国参与2030年可持续发展议程的战略思考

2015年联合国发展峰会通过了“2030年可持续发展议程”,这是一幅由全世界所有国家共同描绘的未来发展蓝图.联合国制定该议程的内在原因有两个,一是为了完成千年发展目标的未竟事业,二是为了汇聚国际社会力量共同应对新的全球性挑战.“2030年可持续发展议程”将重塑当今的全球可持续发展治理体系,为发展中国家深入参与全球可持续发展治理提供了机遇,也有利于全球可持续发展走出“气候变化泥潭”.但是,该议程也存在不足,主要体现在一些可持续发展目标相互重复和难以量化、没有对不同类型国家给出建议、以及里约原则被弱化等.“2030年可持续发展议程”对中国未来发展既是机遇也是挑战.机遇主要体现在有利于中国在可持续发展领域开展对外合作和“一带一路”战略的实施,挑战主要体现在中国将面临来自国际社会的“三重压力”.面向未来,中国应在坚持发展中国家的基本定位下,积极、主动参与相关进程.从对内看,应在该议程框架下根据中国的国情制定“2030年中国可持续发展议程”,并建立有利于产业界、地方政府、民间团体等参与的机制,在实现议程中创造新的经济增长点和就业机会;从对外看,应在坚持“力所能及、互惠互利”原则下,积极开展国际发展合作和发展援助,为其他发展中国家实现该议程做出中国贡献.     

Implementing Sustainable Development Strategies

China's national sustainable development strategies were drafted under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping's theory on socialist construction with Chinese distinguishing features and, the theory and practice of sustainable development has further enriched and perfected Deng Xiaoping's theory. An in-depth study of Deng Xiaoping's theory is significant if we are to accurately understand our sustainable development program and how to best implement the strategies.     

Implementing Sustainable Development Strategies

Abstract

China's national sustainable development strategies were drafted under the guidance of Deng Xiaoplng's theory on socialist construction with Chinese distinguishing features and, the theory and practice of sustainable development has further enriched and perfected Deng Xiaoping's theory. An in-depth study of Deng Xiaoplng's theory is significant if we are to accurately understand our sustainable development program and how to best implement the strategies.     

Management Strategies for Ecocities of Sustainable Development

Building ecocities becomes an objective requirement for sustainable development. This article discusses the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable urban development. On the basis of discussing the sigificance of sustainable urban development and that of an eco-city from different perspectives, it suggests several management strategies for developing an eco-city, a desirable sustainable urban model.     

资源型城市可持续发展保障的策略转换与制度构造

随着资源型城市转型发展进入新阶段,资源型经济强大的挤出效应和传统上采纳的以政策为中心的发展策略逐渐成为资源型城市现代转型的障碍。这一制度难题表明,对资源型城市可持续发展的制度保障路径的研究和选择应当成为破解这些难题的首要问题。为了减少设置消除这些问题,本文从资源型城市可持续发展保障的策略转换这个视角出发,以政策性保障路径带来的沉淀成本为切入点,采用比较分析和建构的方法,指出了资源型城市持续发展的保障策略应当改变传统的以政策为导向的传统路径,代之以法律为主导的法制化路径。在厘清资源型城市的社会结构、制度结构、利益结构、资本结构的基础上,尝试以资源开发与补偿、资源产业衰退与援助、新旧产业接续、民生与经济发展、投入与模式转型、发展和生态环境等关键性矛盾为核心建构《资源型城市可持续发展条例》,并对《条例》的建构提出8个方面的建议,即内容上,建立包括资源开发补偿、产业衰退援助救济、资源性产品价格形成、发展规划、责任追究以及激励手段等诸多制度在内的长效机制。     

全球可持续发展面临的挑战与对策

全球可持续发展涉及可持续经济、可持续环境和可持续社会三方面的协调统一,要求人类在发展中讲究经济效率、关注环境和谐与追求社会公平,最终达到人的全面发展。自1992年联合国环境与发展大会以来,国际社会积极推动实施《关于环境与发展的里约宣言》、《21世纪议程》和《可持续发展首脑会议执行计划》,各种形式的国际和区域环发合作深入开展,各个国家为促进可持续发展付出了巨大努力,在消除贫困和实现千年发展目标方面取得一些成绩。但是,全球在经济、环境和社会发展方面正在面临着越来越复杂的形势,全球可持续发展事业依然面临严峻的挑战。本文从经济、环境与社会三个方面,系统分析了全球可持续发展面临的挑战。分析表明:全球经济发展依然不平衡,不稳定性在加大,而且世界贫富差距明显,发达国家对发展中国家的官方援助不足;全球能源结构没有根本性改变,CO2排放不断增加,气候变化问题突出,而且一些国家生态环境问题较为严重;世界总人口数不断增加,各国就业水平难以提高,各国教育水平非常不均衡,而且欠发达国家人均医疗卫生支出水平低,居民健康状况堪忧。针对全球可持续发展面临的挑战,本文提出了相应的对策:①坚持"共同但有区别的责任"原则。可持续发展没有统一的模式,各国的发展阶段、条件和能力的不同必须予以正视;要区别发达国家和发展中国家的不同国情,要充分尊重发展中国家的发展权利;要为发展中国家向可持续发展转型提供技术、资金和能力建设方面的强有力支持。②加强各国政府在环境领域的交流与合作。不仅要重视全球性环境问题,而且更要优先考虑区域性环境问题,特别是发展中国家和最不发达国家面临的生态环境问题。③积极推动全球社会朝向均衡、普惠和共赢的方向发展。世界上所有国家都应有权以平等的身份参与全球治理过程以及不断改进和优化治理机制,而且全球治理结构应该向发展中国家倾斜;要积极消除贫困、减少不平等现象、使增长具有包容性、使生产和消费更可持续;要增强人们做出可持续选择的权利,特别是妇女、年轻人、失业者以及社会最弱势和最脆弱群体的权利等。     

Strategic Thinking for Sustainable Development of Mining-Based Cities in China

Abstract

Cities based on mining are distinctive from other cities in China. Their heavy dependence on minerals, a relatively undiversified industrial structure, seriously damaged ecological environment and the rather low degree of openness have all reduced their competitiveness, and severely constrained and hindered their sustainable development. In this paper the authors will study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development.     

Strategic Thinking for Sustainable Development of Mining-Based Cities in China

Cities based on mining are distinctive from other cities in China. Their heavy dependence on minerals, a relatively undiversified industrial structure, seriously damaged ecological environment and the rather low degree of openness have all reduced their competitiveness, and severely constrained and hindered their sustainable development. In this paper the authors will study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development.     

Cooperative Game Among Cities in Urban Agglomerations and Economical Sustainable Development

Abstract

This paper analyses redounded profits of cooperation and non-cooperation among cities in urban agglomerations based on game theory. It discusses the problems of economical development among cities with feeble cooperation, and deduces the conclusion that only cooperation of cities produces the maximum profits and realizes Pareto efficiency for cities and urban agglomerations. The paper states that cooperation is the cornerstone of economic sustainable development in urban agglomerations in profits produced by cooperation among cities. Some suggestions to accelerate cooperation among cities are proposed.     

Cooperative Game Among Cities in Urban Agglomerations and Economical Sustainable Development

This paper analyses redounded profits of cooperation and non-cooperation among cities in urban agglomerations based on game theory. It discusses the problems of economical development among cities with feeble cooperation, and deduces the conclusion that only cooperation of cities produces the maximum profits and realizes Pareto efficiency for cities and urban agglomerations. The paper states that cooperation is the cornerstone of economic sustainable development in urban agglomerations in profits produced by cooperation among cities. Some suggestions to accelerate cooperation among cities are proposed.     

A Research on Problems for Sustainable Development of Mining Cities in China

As a significant issue, mining cities, especially the resource-exhausted mining cities have already been given intensive attention by academia and government. This article discusses the intrinsic and extrinsic reasons for problems of the mining cities from the perspective of sustainable development, quantitatively analyzes the economic benefit of the mining cities with statistical data, and presents the strategies and measures for sustainable development of the mining cities based on the theoretical discus-...