A new practical approach to risk management for underground mining project in Quebec

The mining industry worldwide is currently experiencing an economic boom that is contributing to economic recovery and social progress in many countries. For this to continue, the mining industry must meet several challenges associated with the start-up of new projects. In a highly complex and uncertain environment, rigorous management of risks remains indispensable in order to repel threats to the success of mining.In this article, a new practical approach to risk management in mining projects is presented. This approach is based on a novel concept called “hazard concentration” and on the multi-criteria analysis method known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The aim of the study is to extend the use of this approach to goldmines throughout Quebec. The work is part of a larger research project of which the aim is to propose a method suitable for managing practically all risks inherent in mining projects.This study shows the importance of taking occupational health and safety (OHS) into account in all operational activities of the mine. All project risks identified by the team can be evaluated. An adaptable database cataloguing about 250 potential hazards in an underground goldmine was constructed. In spite of limitations, the results obtained in this study are potentially applicable throughout the Quebec mining sector.     

基于模糊层次法的炮采工作面安全性评价研究

在矿山炮采工作面安全性评价中引入模糊层次综合评判法,并以内蒙某露天煤矿炮采工作面为例,对其进行了综合分析评价.首先,应用德尔菲法分析了炮采工作面的安全影响因素;然后建立了包括“人、机、料、法、环”五个方面的安全评价指标体系,其中每个指标又包含数个二级指标,共计19个;最后,构建了基于模糊层次法的炮采工作面安全评价模型.研究表明,该方法可以解决指标多层次性与复杂性造成的评价结果的离散问题,提高评定结果可信度,较好的找出安全上的薄弱环节,从而可及时采取有针对性的措施解决存在的问题,具有很好的工程应用价值,对炮采工作面安全评价与管理是一种有效的方法.     

Development of a multilevel health and safety climate survey tool within a mining setting

IntroductionThis study aimed to design, implement and evaluate the reliability and validity of a multifactorial and multilevel health and safety climate survey (HSCS) tool with utility in the Australian mining setting.MethodsAn 84-item questionnaire was developed and pilot tested on a sample of 302 Australian miners across two open cut sites.ResultsA 67-item, 10 factor solution was obtained via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) representing prioritization and attitudes to health and safety across multiple domains and organizational levels. Each factor demonstrated a high level of internal reliability, and a series of ANOVAs determined a high level of consistency in responses across the workforce, and generally irrespective of age, experience or job category. Participants tended to hold favorable views of occupational health and safety (OH&S) climate at the management, supervisor, workgroup and individual level.ConclusionThe survey tool demonstrated reliability and validity for use within an open cut Australian mining setting and supports a multilevel, industry specific approach to OH&S climate. Findings suggested a need for mining companies to maintain high OH&S standards to minimize risks to employee health and safety. Future research is required to determine the ability of this measure to predict OH&S outcomes and its utility within other mine settings.Practical applicationsAs this tool integrates health and safety, it may have benefits for assessment, monitoring and evaluation in the industry, and improving the understanding of how health and safety climate interact at multiple levels to influence OH&S outcomes.     

Risk management in operations of petrochemical plants: Can better planning prevent major accidents and save money at the same time?

This paper presents an argument that improvement in operational safety can be achieved concurrently with increased operational efficiency. This is a fundamentally different viewpoint on the investment in safety. Traditionally, the cost of providing safety barriers is offset by the expected benefits of reducing the occurrence and severity of accidents. Our approach departs from this method of accounting for safety improvements and focuses on planning as a means of managing systems' response uncertainty and consequently reducing both major accident risk and the cost of operations. The scope of the paper is limited to interventions such as maintenance and repairs and defined in the context of major accident prevention e.g. hydrocarbon leaks. However, the developed methodology is general enough to be applied across the spectrum of process industry facilities and operations.     

A study on a new hazard detecting and controlling method: The case of coal mining companies in China

This paper sets forth a new hazard detecting and controlling method according to the theory of system safety engineering to tackle the safety problems in coal mining companies of China. It combines classified detecting and controlling with closed-loop management, and detects hazards at different levels by dividing safety inspection into self-checking, working team checking, region team checking and specialist team checking. This method makes hazard management a closed-loop through introducing an accountability mechanism based on the interior market system of hazard detecting. The findings of our case study show that this new method is efficient to improve safety situation of the coal mining industry in China.     

应用突变评价理论选择采矿方法

采矿方案的优选是一个复杂的多目标选择问题 ,传统的选择方法是经验类比法 ,且具有很大的主观随意性。笔者应用突变评价理论 ,对采矿系统进行多层目标分解 ,根据归一公式进行量化递归运算 ,分别计算出不同采矿方法的总突变隶属函数值 ,从而确定最优采矿方法。该方法结合实例 ,给出了具体步骤和计算结果 ,并与文献 [6 ]的结果进行比较 ,结论基本相似 ,突变评价法为采矿方案的优化提供了一种新的方法。     

龙首矿采场通风方案的研究

简介了龙首矿井的通风系统,通过十年的通风实践和调整,实现了机械化采场通风方案,同时,研讨了下向胶结充填采矿法采场的通风机理,并给以论证。     

大面积停电下配电网重要用户的应急供电策略研究

为研究电网较长时间停电环境下应急发电车与发电燃油供应协同优化调度问题,首先在电力公司管理现状基础上,通过对重要用户识别分析,按照是否自行配备发电机将重要用户进行分类,针对已经配备发电机的用户,重点考虑周期性供应燃油,对未配备发电机的用户,电力公司需紧急调度有限移动应急发电车,据此构建2阶段的移动应急发电车和油料供应模型以保证重要用户的紧急供电不会中断（第1阶段为电力公司应急发电车指派,第2阶段为加油站油料补充分配）。然后,将该调度问题转化为移动应急发电车指派问题和运油车路径问题的非线性混合模型,针对非线性目标函数和约束条件,通过引入大M法和变量替换进行线性化,得到混合整数线性规划,最小化负荷损失和成本为目标。最后,以某市电网重要用户为例,验证上述模型有效性,并通过原模型与聚类模型对比强调有限移动应急发电车的有效利用具备一定重要性。研究结果对电网公司保障应急供电具有重要指导意义。     

运输系统中的危险辨识及其安全控制

笔者将运输系统的危险分为两类 :固有危险、变动危险 ;并给出两类危险的定义 ;对构成两类危险的因子进行了深入的讨论 ;提出辨识运输系统两类危险的基本方法 ,即静态辨识法和动态辨识法 ;对两种方法的应用范围及条件进行了初步界定。在对运输系统进行危险辨识的基础上 ,就如何运用控制论的理论与方法解决运输系统的安全控制问题进行探讨 ;提出系统安全状况的恶化实际上是系统中危险因素失控的结果。保证系统安全的核心任务是对系统危险因子进行控制。就运输系统而言 ,对系统变动危险因子的控制要比固有危险系统困难。     

基于突变理论的建筑企业安全管理评价研究

为减少建筑安全事故的发生概率,本文构建了建筑企业安全管理评价的指标体系,并将突变理论引入到建筑企业的安全管理评价中,应用该方法对建筑企业的安全管理状况进行了评价.示例表明,该方法合理可行,对保障建筑企业的安全生产具有重要意义.     

基于无线射频识别(RFID)技术的肉制品安全监控系统模糊综合评价

在无线射频识别(RFID)技术的肉制品安全监控系统中肉制品物流流程和影响因素分析的基础上,运用模糊综合评价给出主因素权重的计算原理;结合企业肉制品安全监控系统的具体情况,选择了评价指标并进行综合分析,建立了肉制品监控体系安全现状评价模型;在确定因素权重时,采用定性和定量相结合的层次分析法(AHP),其结果表明:权重的赋值科学合理,较好地反映了各因素对企业安全程度的重要程度和评判等级,所建立的多层次评价体系客观地反映了肉制品企业的安全状况,对肉制品加工企业安全监控具有重要的参考价值。     

矿井安全评价中的几个问题的初步研究

研究了矿井灾害系统危险评价中的几个关键问题，分析了煤矿灾害系统的结构特点，针对矿井灾害系统这样一个过程性本质模糊的灾害发生环境，提出了危险程度的模糊风险度量理论和基于此理论的定量表示方法，以及对不同灾害事故后果相关性计算方法。还论述了全矿与其各组成部分的危险程度之间的相互关系。     

平面交叉口交通冲突安全评价失效分析及改进方法研究

在对传统的交通冲突安全评价方法失效原因分析的基础上,提出了交叉口交通冲突安全评价的改进方法,该方法避免了与冲突无关的交通流影响评价结果的现象。与传统方法对交叉口整体评价不同,该方法对交叉口内部的各类交通冲突类型分别进行冲突分析,再运用欧几里德贴近度评价法对交叉口进行综合交通安全评价。该方法能准确地评价交叉口整体安全状况,能分析出交叉口内部的安全问题,是一种实用的城市道路平面交叉口交通安全评价方法。在我国部分城市的城市道路交叉口的交通冲突安全评价应用中取得了良好的效果。     

针对安全生产隐患的智能搜索引擎系统研究

为解决用户在现有搜索引擎上难以检索到专业和全面的安全生产隐患知识的问题,提出一种安全生产隐患数据的挖掘方法和针对安全生产隐患的智能搜索引擎系统的设计方法。结果表明:对于用户的搜索,系统能够直接反馈智能化查询结果,包括:隐患内容、隐患来源、隐患的行业,隐患场所、法规标准、事故信息等数据以及数据之间的关联关系。给出的示例和结果图表,说明了这种数据挖掘方法的有效性;对相关智能搜索引擎系统的组成、工作原理及实现方式的阐述,说明了系统设计方法的有效性,可为安全生产隐患智能搜索引擎系统的设计与开发提供参考。     

Analysis of work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector from 1982-2006

Introduction

The rate for work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector is notably higher than in other countries such as the United States. It produces a very negative impact on the mining industry. This paper is the report of a study on serious and fatal accidents in Spanish mining from 1982-2006. It is based on the reports of 212 accidents (serious or fatal) carried out by the General Management of Energy and Mining of Catalonia (Spain). Method: The high work-related accident rate in the Spanish mining sector makes it necessary to carry out an analysis and research that can shed light on the causes of this high rate; this is the only way that a solution can be found. The study is based on Feyer and Williamson's analysis of accident causes, as they apply to 212 accidents. The types and causes of the accidents are coded according to the coding system used by the Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene in the Workplace, which allows us to identify a series of direct causes and contributing factors in different accidents. Results If all the causes and factors that are present in the accidents are known, we are able to look for appropriate solutions to reduce them as much as possible. In short, we are able to come up with a series of conclusions that expose the weak links in the management of accident prevention in companies. This is helpful in the struggle to reduce work injuries in the Spanish mining sector.     

Measuring mining safety with injury statistics: lost workdays as indicators of risk

PROBLEM: Mining in the United States remains one of the most hazardous industries, despite significant reductions in fatal injury rates over the last century. Coal mine fatality rates, for example, have dropped almost a thousand-fold since their peak in 1908. While incidence rates are very important indicators, lost worktime measures offer an alternative metric for evaluating job safety and health performance. The first objective of this study examined the distributions and summary statistics of all injuries reported to the Mine Safety and Health Administration from 1983 through 2004. Over the period studied (1983-2004), there were 31,515,368 lost workdays associated with mining injuries, for an equivalent of 5,700 person-years lost annually. The second objective addressed the problem of comparing safety program performance in mines for situations where denominator data were lacking. By examining the consequences of injuries, comparisons can be made between disparate operations without the need for denominators. Total risk in the form of lost workday sums can help to distinguish between lower- and higher-risk operations or time periods. METHOD: Our method was to use a beta distribution to model the losses and to compare underground coal mining to underground metal/nonmetal mining from 2000 to 2004. RESULTS: Our results showed the probability of an injury having 10 or more lost workdays was 0.52 for coal mine cases versus 0.35 for metal/nonmetal mine cases. In addition, a comparison of injuries involving continuous mining machines over 2001-2002 versus 2003-2004 showed that the ratio of average losses in the later period to those in the earlier period was approximately 1.08, suggesting increasing risks for such operations. DISCUSSION: This denominator-free safety measure will help the mining industry more effectively identify higher-risk operations and more realistically evaluate their safety improvement programs. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Attention to a variety of metrics concerning the performance of a job safety and health program will enhance industry's ability to manage these programs and reduce risk.     

The implementation of the SEVESO II legislation in the Polish major hazard industry

The paper presents the implementation of the SEVESO II Directive in Poland. Particularly, a systematic approach to the realization of MAPP, Safety Report and Emergency Plan is shown. It takes into account the real technical and organizational standards of the Polish major hazard industry as well. The impact of the implementation of SEVESO II Legislation on safety performance changes in particular major hazard companies was assessed using the questionnaires method of data collection. The fundamental question of that survey was: did that exercise improve safety performance or was it just a ‘paper work’? The majority of survey reported more positive than negative comments. The conclusions were drawn and some suggestions were made to improve major accident control in Poland.     

Safety Climate in Finnish- and Swedish-Speaking Companies

The aim of this study was to compare assessments made by Finnish- and Swedish-speaking workers in Finland about the safety climate in their companies, because an earlier study showed that the accident frequency of Swedish-speaking workers was one third lower than that of Finnish-speaking workers. 148 Finnish-speaking and 138 Swedish-speaking workers from 14 small and medium-sized companies participated in this study. They filled out a Finnish safety climate questionnaire, the reliability of which was above the acceptable level. There were no differences between the language groups in the total variables of safety climate and safety action. Based on the differences in single items, we interpreted that Swedish-speaking workers stressed collective safety more, whereas Finnish-speaking workers put more emphasis on their personal responsibility for safety.     

Safety climate in Finnish- and Swedish-speaking companies.

The aim of this study was to compare assessments made by Finnish- and Swedish-speaking workers in Finland about the safety climate in their companies, because an earlier study showed that the accident frequency of Swedish-speaking workers was one third lower than that of Finnish-speaking workers. 148 Finnish-speaking and 138 Swedish-speaking workers from 14 small and medium-sized companies participated in this study. They filled out a Finnish safety climate questionnaire, the reliability of which was above the acceptable level. There were no differences between the language groups in the total variables of safety climate and safety action. Based on the differences in single items, we interpreted that Swedish-speaking workers stressed collective safety more, whereas Finnish-speaking workers put more emphasis on their personal responsibility for safety.     

复采残采煤层小煤矿开采技术研究

平顶山市新华区为全国重点产煤县 (区 ) ,区内煤矿以乡镇小煤矿为主 ;小煤矿井田多位于平顶山煤业集团大型矿井浅部报废水平内 ,主要开采残留煤柱和采后剩余底部煤层。笔者根据新华区小煤矿生产的特点 ,总结、规范了复采残采煤层小煤矿井田开拓、采煤方法 ,重点研究了房柱式采煤法采准巷道布置和采煤工艺 ,特别是保持煤房稳定、提高采煤工作面安全生产的特殊支护问题 ;同时结合小煤矿生产中存在的主要问题 ,依据煤炭行业的法律、法规 ,提出了小煤矿采煤方法改进的技术措施。上述研究成果 ,对规范我国小煤矿的采煤方法、提高小煤矿的安全生产能力、推动小煤矿由数量型向质量效益型转化、发展地方经济都具有重要的现实意义。