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1.
Long-term monitoring of PO 4−3 behaviour in a well-defined septic system plume on calcareous sand (Cambridge site) shows that, after 17 yr of system operation, a distinct PO 4−3 plume (PO 4−3−P > 1 mg L −1) is present extending 20 m downgradient from the infiltration bed. The PO 43− plume migration velocity is 1 m yr −1, reflecting retardation by a factor of 20 compared to the groundwater velocity. During monitoring between years 10 to 17, an expanding steady-state zone was noted below the infiltration bed where PO 43− −P levels remained consistently near 4 mg L −1, a value 25% lower than the average effluent value (6.3 mg L −1). The pattern of attenuation — a 25% mass loss in the 2-m-thick vadose zone, then little further attenuation along the flowpath — is suggestive of a condition of equilibrium with a controlling phosphate mineral phase. Chemical equilibrium modelling shows supersaturation with respect to hydroxylapatite and variscite. Four other field sites are identified from the literature and from our work where similar steady-state PO 43− zones are present in septic system plumes. In these, steady-state levels range from 15% to 68% of effluent values, with lower concentrations observed in the more acidic plumes, again indicative of a mineral solubility control, possibly variscite.PO 43− behaviour in these plumes suggests that, although P migration velocity is controlled by the processes of sorption, the magnitude of PO 43− that is present is governed by the constraints of phosphate mineral solubility. When septic systems on sands are located relatively close to sensitive surface water bodies and when long-term downgradient impact is the primary concern, more attention should be focused on the geochemical conditions that control PO 43− mineral solubility rather than only on the sorption characteristics of the sediment. 相似文献
2.
The major ion and trace metal geochemistry of a septic system plume in a shallow sand aquifer was characterized to assess geochemical processes controlling the transport of nutrients and their release to a nearby wetland. The plume was generated from a 16-year-old tile bed, and is more than 60 m long, 40 m wide and 7 m thick. The groundwater pH at the site is near neutral, but up to 0.4 units lower in the plume core as a result of H + generated from NH 3 and DOC oxidation in the unsaturated zone. The plume can be divided into distinct redox zones, which show differences in nutrient mobility. Proximal to the tile bed, there is a shallow suboxic zone, with intermediate Eh values (>400 mV), low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (<1.0 mg/l), and elevated concentrations of Mn (1–3 mg/l) and nutrients (10–80 mg/l NO 3–N, 1–15 mg/l NH 3–N, 0.1–1.5 mg/l PO 4–P, 6–13 mg/l dissolved organic carbon). At the base of the aquifer, there is a reduced zone (Eh<200 mV) with elevated concentrations of Fe (1–14 mg/l), PO 4 and NH 3, but negligible concentrations of NO 3 (<0.01 mg/l N). Distal from the tile bed, the shallow groundwater is suboxic to oxic, and has elevated concentrations of NO 3 and NH 3, but negligible PO 4. In the lower reduced zone, elevated concentrations of PO 4 occur up to 60 m away. The release of groundwater containing even very low concentrations of PO 4 (<0.02 mg/l P) can lead to the development of eutrophic conditions in surface water bodies. Geochemical calculations indicate that, in the Mn-rich zone, the groundwater is close to saturation or supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, rhodochrosite, calcite and ferrihydrite. In the reduced zone, the groundwater is close to saturation or supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, vivianite, calcite and siderite. Formation of these phases, or related phases, are likely limiting the concentrations of dissolved PO 4, Fe and Mn and controlling the geochemical evolution of the plume. 相似文献
3.
The effects of phosphate (P) and zeolite (Z) -built detergents on leaching of N and P through sand columns simulating septic system drainfields were examined in laboratory columns. To simulate mound septic system drainfields, paired sets of columns were dosed intermittently with septic tank effluent from households using P- or Z-built detergent. Two other paired sets of columns were flooded with P- or Z-effluent to simulate new conventional septic system drainfields; after clogging mats or “crusts” developed at infiltration surface, the subsurfaces of the columns were aerated to simulate mature (crusted) conventional septic system drainfields. NO 3 loading in leachate was 1.1 times higher and ortho-P loading was 4.3 times lower when columns were dosed with Z- than with P-effluent. Dosed columns removed P poorly; total phosphorus (TP) loading in leachate was 81 and 19 g m −2 yr −1 with P- and Z-effluent, respectively. In flooded columns 1.3, 2.0 and 1.8 times more NH 4, organic nitrogen (ON) and total nitrogen (TN) respectively, were leached with Z- than with P-effluent; NO 3 leaching was similar. Flooded columns removed P efficiently; TP leached through flooded systems was 2.5 and 1.4 g m −2 yr −1 with P- and Z effluent, respectively. Crusted columns fed Z-effluent leached 1.2, 2.6, 1.4 and 2.1 times more NH 4, NO 3, ON and TN, respectively, than those with P-effluent but 1.8 times less TP. Crusted columns removed P satisfactorily: 8.2 and 4.6 g m −2 yr −1 TP with P- and Z-effluent, respectively. The P-built detergent substantially improves the efficiency of N removal with satisfactory P removal in columns simulating conventional septic system drainfield. Simultaneous removal of N and P under flooded conditions might be explained by precipitation of struvite-type minerals. Dosed system drainfields were less efficient in removing N and P compared to flooded and crusted system drainfelds. 相似文献
4.
Arsenic mobility may increase in liquid phase due to association with colloidal Fe oxides. We studied the association of As with Fe oxide colloids in the effluent from water-saturated soil columns run under anoxic conditions. Upon exfiltration, the solutions, which contained Fe 2+, were re-aerated and ferrihydrite colloids precipitated. The entire amount of effluent As was associated with the ferrihydrite colloids, although PO 43−, SiO 44−, CO 32− and dissolved organic matter were present in the effluent during ferrihydrite colloid formation. Furthermore, no subsequent release of As from the ferrihydrite colloids was observed despite the presence of these (in)organic species known to compete with As for adsorption on Fe oxides. Arsenic was bound via inner-sphere complexation on the ferrihydrite surface. FTIR spectroscopy also revealed adsorption of PO 43− and polymerized silica. However, these species could not impede the quantitative association of As with colloidal ferrihydrite in the soil effluents. 相似文献
5.
The degradation of a common textile dye, Reactive-brilliant red X-3B, by several advanced oxidation technologies was studied in an air-saturated aqueous solution. The dye was resistant to the UV illumination (wavelength λ 320 nm), but was decolorized when one of Fe 3+, H 2O 2 and TiO 2 components was present. The decolorization rate was observed to be quite different for each system, and the relative order evaluated under comparable conditions followed the order of Fe 2+–H 2O 2–UV Fe 2+–H 2O 2 > Fe 3+–H 2O 2–UV > Fe 3+–H 2O 2 > Fe 3+–TiO 2–UV > TiO 2–UV > Fe 3+–UV > TiO 2–visible light ( λ 450 nm) > H 2O 2–UV > Fe 2+–UV. The mechanism for each process is discussed, and linked together for understanding the observed differences in reactivity. 相似文献
6.
To investigate the chemical characteristics of precipitation in the polluted coastal atmosphere, a total of 46 event-based precipitation samples were collected using a wet-only automatic precipitation collector from September 2006 to October 2007 at metropolitan Newark, New Jersey in the US East Coast. Samples were analyzed by ion chromatography for the concentrations of major inorganic ions (Cl −, NO 3−, SO 42−, F −, NH 4+, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Na +, K +) and organic acid species (CH 3COO −, HCOO −, CH 2(COO) 22−, C 2O 42−). Selected trace metals (Sb, Pb, Al, V, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) in samples were determined by ICPMS. Mass concentration results show that SO 42− was the most dominant anion accounting for 51% of the total anions, controlling the acidity of the precipitation. NH 4+ accounted for 48.6% of the total cations, dominating the precipitation neutralization. CH 3COO − and HCOO − were the two dominant water-soluble organic acid species, accounting for 42% and 40% of the total organic acids analyzed, respectively. Al, Zn and Fe were the three major trace metals in precipitation, accounting for 34%, 27%, and 25% of the total mass of metals analyzed. The pH values in precipitation ranged from 4.4 to 4.9, indicating an acidic nature. Enrichment Factor (EF) Analysis showed that Na +, Cl −, Mg 2+ and K + in the precipitation were primarily of marine origin, while most of the Fe, Co and Al were from crust sources. Pb, V, Cr, Ni were moderately enriched with EFs ranging 43–410, while Zn, Sb, Cu, Cd and F − were highly enriched with EFs > 700, indicating significant anthropogenic influences. Factor analysis suggests 6 major sources contributing to the observed composition of precipitation at this location: (1) nitrogen-enriched soil, (2) secondary pollution processes, (3) marine sources, (4) incinerations, (5) oil combustions, and (6) malonate–vanadium enriched sources. To further explore the source–precipitation event relationships and seasonality, cluster analysis was performed for all precipitation events. Results show that about half of the precipitation events were characterized by mixed sources. Significant influences of nitrogen-enriched soil and marine sources were associated with precipitation events in spring and autumn, while secondary pollution processes, incineration and oil combustion contributed greatly in summer. 相似文献
7.
A study on tropospheric aerosols involving Fe particles with an industrial origin is tackled here. Aerosols were collected at the largest exhausts of a major European steel metallurgy plant and around its near urban environment. A combination of bulk and individual particle analysis performed by SEM–EDX provides the chemical composition of Fe-bearing aerosols emitted within the factory process (hematite, magnetite and agglomerates of these oxides with sylvite (KCl), calcite (CaCO 3) and graphite carbon). Fe isotopic compositions of those emissions fall within the range (0.08‰ < δ56Fe < +0.80‰) of enriched ores processed by the manufacturer (−0.16‰ < δ56Fe < +1.19‰). No significant evolution of Fe fractionation during steelworks processes is observed. At the industrial source, Fe is mainly present as oxide particles, to some extent in 3–4 μm aggregates. In the close urban area, 5 km away from the steel plant, individual particle analysis of collected aerosols presents, in addition to the industrial particle type, aluminosilicates and related natural particles (gypsum, quartz, calcite and reacted sea salt). The Fe isotopic composition ( δ56Fe = 0.14 ± 0.11‰) measured in the close urban environment of the steel metallurgy plant appears coherent with an external mixing of industrial and continental Fe-containing tropospheric aerosols, as evidenced by individual particle chemical analysis. Our isotopic data provide a first estimation of an anthropogenic source term as part of the study of photochemically promoted dissolution processes and related Fe fractionations in tropospheric aerosols. 相似文献
8.
Zero-valent iron (Fe0) has been widely used for Cr(VI) removal; however, the removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution under complex hydrogeochemical conditions were poorly understood. In this research, the mixed materials containing cast iron and activated carbon were packed in columns for the treatment of aqueous Cr(VI)-Cr(III) in groundwater with high concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3
−, NO3
−, and SO4
2−. We investigate the influences of those ions on Cr(VI) removal, especially emphasizing on the reaction mechanisms and associated precipitations which may lead to porosity loss by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results show that the precipitations accumulated on the material surface were (Fe/Cr) (oxy)hydroxide, mixed Fe(III)-Cr(III) (oxy)hydroxides, Fe2O3, CaCO3, and MgCO3. During these reactions, the Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) coupled with the oxidated Fe0 to Fe(II) through the galvanic corrosion formed by the Fe0-C and/or the direct electron transfer between Fe0 and Cr(VI). In addition, Cr(VI) could be reduced by aqueous Fe(II), which dominated the whole removal efficiency. The primary aqueous Cr(III) was completely removed together with Cr(III) reduced from Cr(VI) even when Cr(VI) was detected in the effluent, which meant that the aqueous Cr(III) could occupy the adsorption sites. In general, the combined system was useful for the Cr(VI)-Cr(III) treatment based on galvanic corrosion, and the hardness ions had a negative effect on Cr(VI) removal by forming the carbonates which might promote the passivation of materials and decrease the removal capacity of the system. 相似文献
9.
Groundwater nitrification is a poorly characterized process affecting the speciation and transport of nitrogen. Cores from two sites in a plume of contamination were examined using culture-based and molecular techniques targeting nitrification processes. The first site, located beneath a sewage effluent infiltration bed, received treated effluent containing O 2 (> 300 µM) and NH 4+ (51–800 µM). The second site was 2.5 km down-gradient near the leading edge of the ammonium zone within the contaminant plume and featured vertical gradients of O 2, NH 4+, and NO 3− (0–300, 0–500, and 100–200 µM with depth, respectively). Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers enumerated by the culture-based MPN method were low in abundance at both sites (1.8 to 350 g − 1 and 33 to 35,000 g − 1, respectively). Potential nitrifying activity measured in core material in the laboratory was also very low, requiring several weeks for products to accumulate. Molecular analysis of aquifer DNA (nested PCR followed by cloning and 16S rDNA sequencing) detected primarily sequences associated with the Nitrosospira genus throughout the cores at the down-gradient site and a smaller proportion from the Nitrosomonas genus in the deeper anoxic, NH 4+ zone at the down-gradient site. Only a single Nitrosospira sequence was detected beneath the infiltration bed. Furthermore, the majority of Nitrosospira-associated sequences represent an unrecognized cluster. We conclude that an uncharacterized group associated with Nitrosospira dominate at the geochemically stable, down-gradient site, but found little evidence for Betaproteobacteria nitrifiers beneath the infiltration beds where geochemical conditions were more variable. 相似文献
10.
The long-lived radionuclide 79Se is one of the elements of concern for the safe storage of high-level nuclear waste, since clay minerals in engineered barriers and natural aquifer sediments strongly adsorb cationic species, but to lesser extent anions like selenate (Se VIO 42−) and selenite (Se IVO 32−). Previous investigations have demonstrated, however, that Se IV and Se VI are reduced by surface-associated Fe II, thereby forming insoluble Se 0 and Fe selenides. Here we show that the mixed Fe II/ III (hydr)oxides green rust and magnetite, and the Fe II sulfide mackinawite reduce selenite rapidly (< 1 day) to FeSe, while the slightly slower reduction by the Fe II carbonate siderite produces elemental Se. In the case of mackinawite, both S −II and Fe II surface atoms are oxidized at a ratio of one to four by producing a defective mackinawite surface. Comparison of these spectroscopic results with thermodynamic equilibrium modeling provides evidence that the nature of reduction end product in these Fe II systems is controlled by the concentration of HSe −; Se 0 forms only at lower HSe − concentrations related to slower HSeO 3− reduction kinetics. Even under thermodynamically unstable conditions, the initially formed Se solid phases may remain stable for longer periods since their low solubility prevents the dissolution required for a phase transformation into more stable solids. The reduction by Fe 2+-montmorillonite is generally much slower and restricted to a pH range, where selenite is adsorbed (pH < 7), stressing the importance of a heterogeneous, surface-enhanced electron transfer reaction. Although the solids precipitated by the redox reaction are nanocrystalline, their solubility remains below 6.3 × 10 − 8 M. No evidence for aqueous metal selenide colloids nor for Se sorption to colloidal phases was found. Since Fe II phases like the ones investigated here should be ubiquitous in the near field of nuclear waste disposals as well as in the surrounding aquifers, mobility of the fission product 79Se may be much lower than previously assumed. 相似文献
11.
Monthly and annual means of main anions (SO 42−, NO 3−, Cl −) and summed base cations (Ca 2+, Mg 2+, K +, Na +) in bulk precipitation were studied at 10 stations during an 8-year monitoring period. The data showed statistically significant decreasing trends in most cases. Average declines of mean annual volume-weighted concentrations for both anions and cations were about two-fold. Despite the decrease, the loads of S and cations are still relatively high in Estonia (about 4–14 kg S ha −1 and 0.6–1.2 keq ha −1, respectively) compared with the loads in Finland and Sweden. Estimated linear decline trends followed the same pattern as annually combusted oil shale from Estonian power plants and emissions of SO 2 and fly ash. Recent trends in chemical composition of bulk precipitation at the monitoring stations reflected economic changes in Estonia as well as transboundary fluxes from neighbouring countries. 相似文献
12.
The paper presents the results of testing of roof runoff waters from buildings in the city of Gda
sk (Poland), carried out as a part of a broader research project aimed at the determination of pollutant levels in precipitation. The analytes determined included volatile organohalogen compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, Na +, K +, NH 4+, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, F −, Cl −, NO 2−, NO 3−, PO 43−, SO 42− ions, as well as organonitrogen, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. In addition, the toxicity and pH of the samples were examined. The samples were collected over a period of six months, during or immediately following precipitation events. More than half of the samples (25) were found to be toxic, with inhibition exceeding 20%. The toxicity was weakly correlated to the levels of organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides in runoff waters. It was established that at least in some cases the roofing material affected the levels of the pollutants found in the samples. 相似文献
14.
以模拟污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化液为处理对象,进行磷酸钙沉淀除磷小试实验,考察了不同Ca/P物质的量比下碳酸根(CO2-3)对磷酸钙沉淀反应回收磷的影响;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对沉淀产物进行表征。结果表明,磷酸钙沉淀反应是一个快速过程,CO2-3的存在并未改变这一显著特征。磷酸钙沉淀反应过程中,CO2-3的存在降低了磷的去除率,改变了沉淀物形貌、结构和组分;实验设定范围内,磷酸钙的过饱和度越高,越难形成晶体态羟基磷灰石((Ca5(PO4)3OH,HAP);当pH值为9.0,Ca/P比为1.67时,CO2-3取代HAP晶格中的PO3-4,形成碳磷灰石(CHAP);当pH值为9.0,Ca/P比为3.33和5.01时,CO2-3和PO3-4之间竞争,形成碳酸钙(CaCO3);增大Ca/P能有效提高磷的去除率,降低CO2-3对磷酸钙沉淀反应的抑制作用,但综合考虑实际效果,选择Ca/P比为3.33作为适宜的反应条件。 相似文献
15.
The ability of free ferrous ion activated persulfate (S 2O 82−) to generate sulfate radicals (SO 4−) for the oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) is limited by the scavenging of SO 4− with excess Fe 2+ and a quick conversion of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+. This study investigated the applicability of ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) chelated Fe 3+ in activating persulfate for the destruction of TCE in aqueous phase under pH 3, 7 and 10. Fe 3+ and EDTA alone did not appreciably degrade persulfate. The presence of TCE in the EDTA/Fe 3+ activated persulfate system can induce faster persulfate and EDTA degradation due to iron recycling to activate persulfate under a higher pH condition. Increasing the pH leads to increases in pseudo-first-order-rate constants for TCE, S 2O 82− and EDTA degradations, and Cl generation. Accordingly, the experiments at pH 10 with different EDTA/Fe 3+ molar ratios indicated that a 1/1 ratio resulted in a remarkably higher degradation rate at the early stage of reaction as compared to results by other ratios. Higher persulfate dosage under the EDTA/Fe 3+ molar ratio of 1/1 resulted in greater TCE degradation rates. However, increases in persulfate concentration may also lead to an increase in the rate of persulfate consumption. 相似文献
16.
采用铁炭微电解-Fenton联合工艺深度处理制药废水生化出水,探讨了初始pH、曝气量、反应时间等因素对微电解出水Fe2+和Fe3+变化规律、COD降解速率以及后续Fenton氧化效果的影响,为优化微电解-Fenton氧化联合工艺提出了微电解间歇加酸的理论。间歇加酸可提高微电解系统中COD降解速率和Fe2+含量,使后续Fenton氧化无需投加FeSO4·7H2O即可达到较好的COD去除效果。结果表明,当初始pH=2.5,曝气量为0.6 m3/h,间歇加酸30 min/次,微电解反应2 h,出水投加1 mL/L的H2O2进行Fenton氧化2 h,COD总去除率可达81.33%;间歇加酸30 min/次可将微电解反应2 h出水Fe2+浓度从50 mg/L提高至151 mg/L,COD降解速率从10.6 mg COD/(L·h)提高至22.2 mg COD/(L·h)。 相似文献
17.
采用Fenton氧化法对青霉素和土霉素混合废水二级处理出水进行深度处理,通过正交和单因素实验研究了废水初始反应pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe2+/H2O2摩尔比及反应时间等因素对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,Fenton氧化法处理的最佳反应条件为:初始pH值4、H2O2(30%)投加量50 mL/L、Fe2+/H2O2摩尔比1/20和反应时间60 min,处理后出水COD小于120 mg/L,COD去除率在75%以上,急性毒性(HgCl2毒性当量)小于0.07 mg/L,满足《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB21903-2008)表2标准要求。 相似文献
18.
Amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide is being used to treat groundwater contaminated with uranium(VI); the compound also has potential for use as a component in in situ chemical barriers. To quantitatively evaluate its effectiveness in such applications, adsorption of uranium(VI) onto amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide was experimentally investigated under a wide range of uranium(VI) (8.40·10 −7−2.10·10 −3 mol L −1; 0.2–500 mg L −1), sulfur(VI) (0–0.07 mol L −1; 0–2240 mg L −1) and carbon(IV) (0–0.0195 mol L −1; 0–234 mg L −1) concentrations, and pH-values (4–9.6). The adsorption behavior of uranium(VI) (uranyl ion and its complexes) is similar to that of other cations; it exhibits a sharp rise in the extent of adsorption with increasing pH. Interactions among uranyl complexes and surface sites are interpreted using a site complexation model. Although the model does not incorporate electrostatics and includes only a single type of adsorption site, it provides a reasonable match to measured adsorption and proton exchange data. The simplicity of the model and the resulting reduction in computational demand allow its efficient incorporation into coupled reaction-transport models. 相似文献
19.
A series of experiments using bulk precipitation collectors of the type used in the UK precipitation chemistry network measured the amounts of NH 4+, SO 42− and other ions that could be washed from funnels (diameter 15 cm) exposed to a wide range of NH 3 and SO 2 concentrations over periods from hours to days. In dry conditions, the average deposition flux of NH 3 was between 50 and 120 nmol NH 4+ funnel −1 d −1 (0.1–0.3 kg N ha −1 yr −1), and was independent of the concentration of NH 3. Dry deposition of NH 3 to wet funnels at small NH 3 concentrations was almost 5 times that to dry funnels under the same conditions (average 240 nmol funnel −1 d −1; 0.7 kg ha −1 yr −1), and increased with increasing NH 3 concentrations. The amount of NH 4+ ions remaining on the funnel surface was inversely proportional to the vapour pressure deficit during the experiment. This result was interpreted as a dependence on the duration of surface wetness, with greater deposition of NH 4+ when evaporation rates of surface water were small.The amount of SO 2 deposited on funnel surfaces was closely related to the amount of NH 3 deposited, in both wet and dry conditions, but was not strongly correlated with the SO 2 concentration. At low NH 3 and SO 2 concentrations the average deposition to dry funnels was 70 nmol SO 42− funnel −1 d −1 (0.5 kg ha −1 yr −1), and to wet funnels was approximately 2.5 times larger. The results are interpreted in terms of the balance between the rate of evaporation of surface water, and the rate of oxidation of SO 2, which leads to the ‘fixing’ of NH 4+ ions on the surface as involatile salts.It is predicted that dry deposition of NH 3 to funnel surfaces across the UK Secondary Network could account for as much as one-half of the measured bulk wet deposition at sites where wet deposition of NH 4–N is small. The amount of dry deposition depends on how long and how often funnel surfaces are wetted by rain or dew, and on the air concentrations of NH 3. These predictions are based on funnels being wetted only once per day. More frequent wetting would increase the contribution from dry deposition, and the consequent overestimate of wet deposition of NH 4–N across the UK by using data obtained from bulk collectors. To some extent this overestimate may be offset by microbial degradation and loss of NH 4–N in weekly bulk precipitation samples during collection and storage. 相似文献
20.
污泥厌氧消化液中含有丰富的氮磷,若直接排放到环境中,将会对附近水体造成严重污染。由于消化液中Mg^2+和Ca^2+的含量很低,严重影响了氮磷的回收效果。把造纸白泥和粉煤灰引入到污泥厌氧消化液氮磷的回收当中,可以明显地提升消化液pH和提高PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率。实验结果表明:当造纸白泥添加量为4g/(L·h)时,曝气12h后,pH可达10.19,此时PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率分别达到64%和45%;而当粉煤灰添加量为4g/(L·h)时,曝气12h后,pH达到9.63,PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率分别为46%和41%。但仅用曝气方式处理,12h后,pH值仅为8.52,PO4^3-P和NH3-N回收率分别只有20%和18%。实验结果还表明,水力停留时间(HRT)越大,pH上升速度越快,幅度越大,氮磷的回收效果就越好。 相似文献
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