环境执法面临的问题和对策

介绍了当前环境执法面临的主要问题，如基层执法人员业务素质不高；地方保护主义干扰环保执法；缺乏必要的强制手段等，简要分析了其中的原因，并提出相应的对策，如建设高素质、高水平的执法队伍；从立法上赋予环境保护行政主管部门强制的执行权；提高群众的环境法律意识，加强其参与环境执法的程度；加快管理体制创新，逐步完善和理顺环境管理体制等。     

对于环境执法监管中的几点建议

针对温总理在2006年全国环境保护大会上提到的现阶段环境执法存在的问题，提出了尽快完善环境法规体系，建立环境执法管理制度；建立完善的领导干部环保政绩考核制度。彻底消除地方保护主义；建立健全公众参与与环境行为公示制度；提高环境监管能力建设，切实加大环境执法力度；创新环境执法思路和手段，严打各种环境违法行为等建议。     

基层环境执法存在的问题及对策浅析

阐述了环境执法中存在的问题，指出了真正造就一支“来之能战，战之能胜”的高效、廉洁、文明的环境执法队伍，必须加快立法步伐，加大环境法制宣传教育力度，提高环境法制意识，进行行政管理体制创新，改革机构，打破地方政府“供养制”，加强环保执法队伍的建设。     

昆明率先建立环保执法新机制公安局设环保分局

昆明市政府11月6日发布，该市将在全国范围内率先建立环境保护执法新机制，此举将健全行政执法与刑事司法的衔接机制，为环保行政执法工作提供强有力的司法保护，为加强环保执法工作，在昆明市公安局设立环境保护分局，在市检察院设立环境保护检查处，在市中级法院设立环境保护审判庭，为执法工作提供有力司法保护。     

浅谈环境监理现场执法中的障碍及其支撑

分析了目前我国环境监理现场执法中存在的主要障碍，提出了加强环境监理现场执法支撑力度的建议。     

浅谈高效环境执法体制的构建

当前中国的环境执法,普遍存在着效率不高。经综合分析,现有环境立法不完善,是影响环境执法效率的根本原因,地方政府的发展观和政绩观,是影响环境执法效率的重要因素,环境监督管理体制不健全,是影响环境执法效率的体制障碍,环境执法能力薄弱,是影响环境执法效率的客观原因。因此提出,从完善环境法制,强化执法手段;加强环保政绩考核,促使各级政府切实加强环境执法工作;创新环境执法机制,加强环境稽查;强化环境监测在环境执法中的技术监督职能作用;规范环境执法行为,提高环境执法效率;建立公众参与环境执法制度,构建促进环境执法的外环境等,来构建高效的环境执法体制。     

生态环境执法事件本体构建研究和实践应用

结合生态环境执法特点,建立生态环境执法事件本体模型,并对执法不同阶段的相关概念进行统一语义约定.该模型通过时间、环境、对象、动作、状态和语言描述六要素来描述执法事件,通过执法事件类、事件类间关系、事件推理规则和事件实例案件的四元组结构进行执法事件的表达.同时,以某热力工程公司运营的锅炉房超标排放烟气污染物的执法案件构建...     

环境标准实际执行中的存在问题

从规范环境管理和环境执法出发，结合其实际执行过程使用环境标准存在的问题作了简单归纳，并提出初步建议。     

创新促变革服务树形象不断提高环境执法监察能力和水平

环境执法是环境管理的重要内容,是做好环保工作的重要保障手段.近年来,金华市各级环保部门从创新环境执法机制着眼,从狠抓环境执法队伍建设着手,从加大环境执法力度着力,在严厉打击各种环境违法行为、确保全市环境安全、切实维护群众环境权益等方面做了大量工作,取得了较好的成绩.     

“首次不罚制”在环境执法推行中的问题与建议

根据“首次不罚制”在环境执法中推行的初步实践，指出了该制度自身存在的问题和制度外的制约因素，并提出了克服这些瓶颈因素的建议。     

Surface Transportation Noise and Its Control

Surface transportation creates most of the noise pollution imposed on our communities today. Reduction of this noise impact requires effective preparation and enforcement of regulations to control noise sources, and methods and locations of operation. At the Federal level, such action has begun, within the limited authority available. Concurrently, research and development programs are demonstrating that means to satisfy noise control regulations are technically practical and economically reasonable. This paper provides a brief review of Federal regulatory areas and corresponding R&D activities pertinent to surface transportation noise abatement.     

当前环境行政执法中的难点及其对策

通过在环境行政执法实际上作中遇到的难点问题的分析，提出了解决这些难点的对策和措施。     

Cost-Effective Enforcement Of Environmental Standards

The body of information presented in this paper is directed to those individuals concerned with cost-effective enforcement of environmental standards. Its aim is twofold. One is to determine some of the differing impacts upon firm behavior of legal enforcement, of economic incentive enforcement, and of mixed legal-economic enforcement. A second objective is to initiate identification of enforcement systems which are most likely to minimize resource costs to firms and enforcement agencies of meeting environmental standards. A computerized model is used to simulate enforcement of the new source particu-late matter discharge standard for coal-fired power plants. Under current legal enforcement it is found that most plants will violate the standard, that small plants will control to higher removal levels than large plants and that firms will install relatively costly pollution control technology. Three enforcement alternatives are considered for overcoming these shortcomings: more stringent legal enforcement, economic incentive enforcement using effluent taxes, and a mixed system which uses device certification tests and effluent taxes. It is found that each of the alternatives can lead to the standard being met and tc more-or-less equal sharing in control burden across plant size. But it is only the two systems which use effluent taxes that give incentive for choosing least costly control technology. It is concluded that the two enforcement systems which use effluent taxes probably would encourage adoption of least cost control technology. This is likely to be a desirable outcome since it may lead to minimum resource costs to power plants and pollution control agencies of meeting fty ash standards. The general applicability of this conclusion to other enforcement situations is discussed.     

Noise Control Legislation

The national Environmental Protection Agency is expected to issue its recommendations on noise legislation some time during the latter part of 1973. This agency will assume primary responsibility for enforcing noise limits on new products, such as vehicles, construction equipment, electrical equipment, etc. Primary responsibility for community noise control will remain with local governments. Local EPA’s, now involved in air and water pollution, will be given the additional responsibility to enforce anti-noise legislation.This legislation will cover noise emissions fromvehicles, industries, construction equipment, residential air conditioners, and power equipment, and the noises that pervade multifamily dwellings. Responsibility for controlling aircraft noise will be shared with the FAA.

The noise ratings used in this legislation must be capable of easy measurement and yet correlate well with subjective response. For most noises the decibel level read on the A-scale of a sound level meter (dBA) is adequate. For aircraft noise a more complex rating scale must be used which includes consideration of the duration of the noise and the presence of a pure tone (engine whine). For still other noises (industries, construction) some consideration must be given to the total daily exposure time of the noise, along with its dBA rating.

New community noise ordinances will draw on the research and experience associated with the present Chicago, III., ordinance. Some modifications of this ordinance are expected, however, to improve enforcement procedures and to lower vehicle noise levels, which are considered the worst of all the community noise pollutants.     

Being well-governed: Including inspectors in a systems approach to fisheries management

Based on 18-months of ethnographic fieldwork in South Africa’s Western Cape province, we suggest ways in which marine resource law enforcement activities can be evaluated at the level of individual fisheries compliance inspectors, to gain a more accurate understanding of the state of marine resource law enforcement. We show that these individual assessments can be scaled up to speak about specific compliance stations, and further, that these local-level assessments can be scaled up to the regional and provincial levels, without losing sight of the needs and value of the individual inspector. This paper contributes to the broader conversation on compliance in marine resource governance, as well as opening a new avenue of discussion: how to incorporate inspector-focussed social indicators. We show that this can be done in ways that take the overlap of the ecological, economic and social dimensions into account, while still being practical in terms of application and evaluation.     

Practices in dioxin emission reduction by special regulatory enforcement and utilizing advanced control technologies for incinerators in Korea

This study strives to estimate the emission of dioxin and furthermore attempts to find the best technological control methods available for waste incinerators by investigating the emission status thereof. In order to incorporate the Stockholm Convention, a particular stringent law was promulgated in Korea and in recent years incinerators were forced to utilize better technological control. After the enforcement of special dioxin emission regulation in 2003, the average concentration of dioxin emitted from municipal and industrial waste incinerators decreased from 15.25 and 12.86 ng TEQ Nm(-3) to 5.53 and 4.96 ng TEQ Nm(-3) in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Based on test results at commercial plants, several best arranged sets of air pollution control devices (APCDs) were suggested in order to provide guidelines to help operators. These sets included combinations of spray dry absorbers, bag type filters, wet scrubbers, selective catalytic reductions and electrostatic precipitators. Different suggestions and real installations of APCD arrangement were investigated during the years around the regulation in effective. The results were presented depending on the capacity of the incinerators and different waste streams to observe the efforts to reduce dioxin emission by operators of incineration plants. The annual amount of dioxin emission from the incinerators is expected to be 212.5 g-TEQ in 2011 and 234.3g-TEQ in 2015, respectively, compared to 891.6g-TEQ recorded in 2001. The enforcement of new regulation and the installation of better APCDs showed the significant effect on such reduction. This reduction in dioxin emission from incinerators confirmed the nation's commitment to the regulatory requirement set by the Stockholm Convention.     

关于苏州数字环保移动办公系统的研建

文章着眼于信息化飞速发展的今天,阐述了苏州市环保系统无纸化办公的现状及发展趋势。在现有的办公自动化基础上,架构了一个从保证安全性角度出发的移动办公及执法方案,提出了一项建设环保系统高能效的新一代办公模式,为领导决策、应急响应、高效办公提供了一条新思路。     

Proactive Industrial Strategies for the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990

The Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990 was signed into law by President Bush on November 15, 1990. These amendments potentially will have a major impact on virtually every industrial and many commercial facilities throughout the country. The regulations developed to implement this legislation will encompass new approaches to nonattainment, air toxics, accidental releases, acid rain, permits and enforcement. Because of the impact of this legislation the regulations will be implemented over a ten-year period. This paper is an overview of the amendments and recommended proactive strategies for industry.     

Proactive industrial strategies for the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990

The Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments of 1990 was signed into law by President Bush on November 15, 1990. These amendments potentially will have a major impact on virtually every industrial and many commercial facilities throughout the country. The regulations developed to implement this legislation will encompass new approaches to nonattainment, air toxics, accidental releases, acid rain, permits and enforcement. Because of the impact of this legislation the regulations will be implemented over a ten-year period. This paper is an overview of the amendments and recommended proactive strategies for industry.