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采样分析了来自中国西南地区6个生活垃圾填埋场的渗滤液、3个生活垃圾焚烧厂的渗滤液原液及场内处理出水,发现3种水样中17种全(多)氟化合物(PFAS)浓度分别在1805~43310,7228~16565和55~185ng/L之间;呈现以全氟丁烷羧酸(PFBA)和全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)等短链、偶数链PFAS为主的污染特征.对比位于相近地理区域的焚烧厂和填埋场渗滤液,发现两者PFAS组成类似,而前者PFAS浓度与运行时间为2a的填埋场渗滤液相似,高于运行时间较长(15a)的填埋场渗滤液.研究结果将为我国西南地区垃圾渗滤液PFAS赋存现状提供基础信息,并为预防和控制PFAS产品生产和使用带来的环境污染提供重要数据支持. 相似文献
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我国城市生活垃圾焚烧厂建设模式的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文论述了焚烧处理在我国城市生活垃圾处置方式中的重要地位。回顾了国外垃圾焚烧的历史与现状,详细介绍了我国现阶段已经建设运行的垃圾焚烧厂的几种炉型模式,针对不同的建设规模对新建焚烧厂的选用模式进行了探讨和分析。 相似文献
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生活垃圾焚烧厂垃圾的汞含量与汞排放特征研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
垃圾焚烧是大气汞的重要排放源之一,为了解垃圾焚烧厂入炉垃圾中的汞含量和焚烧汞排放特征,本研究选取了上海、广州和芜湖市3座典型生活垃圾焚烧厂,对入炉垃圾进行连续采样分析,采用OH法对排放烟气进行采样测试,同时采集焚烧飞灰和炉渣样品进行汞含量分析.结果表明,上海、广州、芜湖市生活垃圾焚烧厂入炉垃圾中汞含量分别为(0.39±0.04)、(0.57±0.05)、(0.27±0.08)mg·kg~(-1).广州市焚烧厂排放烟气汞质量浓度为(9.5±3.9)μg·m~(-3),烟气中Hgp、Hg~(2+)、Hg~0分布比例分别为(0.9±0.8)%、(89.0±5.4)%、(10.1±4.6)%;芜湖市焚烧厂排放烟气汞质量浓度为(24.1±6.0)μg·m~(-3),烟气中Hgp、Hg~(2+)、Hg~0分布比例分别为(1.0±0.8)%、(65.4±27.6)%、(33.6±27.5)%;不同焚烧工艺排放烟气中Hg~(2+)的分布比例不同.广州、芜湖市焚烧厂脱汞效率分别为96.7%、33.7%;上海、广州、芜湖市垃圾焚烧厂大气汞排放因子分别为(0.156±0.016)、(0.019±0.002)、(0.178±0.027)mg·kg~(-1),广州市焚烧厂大气汞排放因子略低于韩国、日本的生活垃圾焚烧厂,上海、芜湖市垃圾焚烧厂大气汞排放因子与国内部分生活垃圾焚烧厂相接近. 相似文献
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分析上海生活垃圾的特点和处理处置现状,对处理处置现状存在的问题进行了分析说明。分类收集要实行日常化,无害化处理水平有待提高,焚烧造成了严重的二次污染,要加强对渗滤液的处置,并且末端处置技术中填埋处置比例过高。同时提出了生活垃圾处置的技术路线和发展方向,要以无害化、减量化、资源化为处理目标。要求巩固和完善生活垃圾卫生填埋技术,谨慎发展生活垃圾焚烧技术,充分重视生活垃圾生化处理技术,多元并举走可持续发展之路。 相似文献
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针对焚烧厂长期运行后热损失升高的问题,总结了垃圾储存与燃烧过程中的主要控制目标,结合某600 t/d处理量垃圾焚烧厂改造需要,通过垃圾储坑优化管理降低了入炉垃圾含水率,提高了热值并促进垃圾燃烧,通过焚烧炉设备改造和运行方式优化,有效降低了锅炉各项热损失,技改后锅炉反平衡效率提高了8.86%。 相似文献
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UASB+A/O+UF+NF工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用"UASB+A/O+UF+NF"工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,工程规模为150 m3/d,工程总投资500万元,运行成本为25元/t;污泥处理工艺过程为:(剩余污泥+厌氧污泥)浓缩→脱水→焚烧。工程设计进水水质指标为ρ(COD)=50000 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)=25 000 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)=600 mg/L,ρ(TP)=15 mg/L,ρ(SS)=9000 mg/L,出水主要水质指标为ρ(COD)≤50 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)≤15 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)≤10 mg/L,ρ(TP)≤0.27 mg/L,ρ(SS)≤4 mg/L,补充到电厂循环冷却水中回用,不但实现了垃圾焚烧污水零排放,还有着较好的经济和环境效益。 相似文献
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以上海某城市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为例,采用上游-操作-下游(UOD)表格法,分析了生活垃圾焚烧发电过程中不同环节的温室气体排放贡献,及影响其排放的主要因素.结果表明,目前我国生活垃圾焚烧发电过程是温室气体排放源,以吨垃圾净CO2排放量计,达166~212kg.生活垃圾中自含化石碳对温室气体排放的贡献最大,CO2排放量为257kg/t;因焚烧发电上网而获得的净减排量为120kg/t;垃圾收运、辅助物料消耗及焚烧灰渣处理等引起的排放量总计为27~45kg/t.生活垃圾沥出渗滤液后续处理过程的温室气体排放量为7.7kg/t.节省焚烧过程辅助物料使用和改变焚烧灰渣处置方式能够减少温室气体排放量,但是减排效果有限.我国各地区电能基准线排放因子存在差异,对焚烧过程温室气体排放的影响为0~13%.降低生活垃圾含水率、提高垃圾可发电量是我国生活垃圾焚烧发电过程温室气体排放源汇转换的关键途径. 相似文献
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Xiao Gang Ni Mingjiang Chi Yong Jin Yuqi Zhang Jiaquan Miao Qi Cen Kefa 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(4):498-503
In order to eliminate secondary pollution caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, a MSW gasification and melting
process is proposed. The process is expected to reduce the emission of pollutants, especially heavy-metals and dioxins. In
this paper, the combustible components of MSW and simulated MSW were gasified in a lab-scale fluidized bed at 400°C–700°C
when the excess air ratio (ER) was between 0.2 and 0.8. The experimental results indicated that the MSW could be gasified
effectively in a fluidized bed at approximately 600°C–700°C when excess air ratio was 0.2–0.4. The melting characteristics
of two typical fly ash samples from MSW incinerators were investigated. The results indicated that fly ash of pure MSW incineration
could be melted at approximately 1,300°C and that of MSW and coal co-combustion could be melted at approximately 1,400°C.
When temperature was over 1,100°C, more than 99.9% of the dioxins could be decomposed and most of the heavy-metals could be
solidified in the slag. Based on the above experiments, two feasible MSW gasification and melting processes were proposed
for low calorific value MSW: (1) sieved MSW gasification and melting system, which was based on an idea of multi-recycle;
(2) gasification and melting scheme of MSW adding coal as assistant fuel.
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Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 69–73 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献
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垃圾焚烧系统中二噁英类形成机理及影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
垃圾焚烧是城市中二噁英类污染的主要来源之一,因此如何控制焚烧二噁英类的形成和排放是目前研究的热点。本文探讨了垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英类的三种形成途径:原始垃圾中存在二噁英类、从头合成、前体物形成。并且进一步分析了二噁英类形成的影响因素(包括反应物、反应表面、催化剂、温度、烟气环境、氯源、水分),从而为二噁英类的形成和排放控制提供理论基础和依据。 相似文献
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Dezhen Chen Zhenzhen Guan Guangyu Liu Gongming Zhou Tong Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(2):235-243
Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition,
moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve
the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from
other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture
contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For
both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are
characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were
then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.–5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator
grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed
for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising
auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally
disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be coincinerated with the latter in the incineration
plants. 相似文献
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Aperspectiveanalysisonmunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)energyrecoveryinChinaHePinjing,ShaoLimingNationalLaboratoryofPolutionControlan... 相似文献