在我国中小企业推广PDM时机尚未成熟

目前我国CAD的初步应用(绘图、工艺设计)在机械行业大部分企业已基本普及。在甩图板——集成化产品信息管理——网络系统集成——CIMS的技术路径上,PDM(产品数据管理)技术已进入大力推广阶段。然而,就我国目前的实际情况来看,PDM在中小企业的普及尚有一定难度。其原因在于PDM具有较高的技术成分,涉及部门范围广,从现行管理系统过渡到该方案所需时间较长,以致于其中不确定因素多,风险大,初期投资大而短期收益少。而大多数中小企业在市场竞争中处于劣势,盈利水平和流动资金有限,人才流动性大,并且难以承受长时间的二次开发过程。     

建“经济适用墓”不如推广树葬

其实,树葬在我国有悠久历史传统。现代树葬以认养绿地的办法,植一些树木,将亲人的骨灰撒在树下,没有任何殡葬设施,以纪念树或自然石为标记,成为绿色殡葬的创新形式。     

国外屋顶绿化推广的政策分析与启示

分析了屋顶绿化的生态价值和经济效益,介绍了国内外屋顶绿化政策及实施情况,探讨了如何在我国城市化进程中,通过相关政策和技术标准的运用,不断推广屋顶绿化,充分发挥其对城市环境保护和生态服务的作用。     

美国垃圾填埋场甲烷使用推广计划

介绍了美国垃圾填埋场甲烷使用推广计划的进展状况以及我国目前填埋气体的利用现状.     

有机肥推广的问题与对策研究

我国有机肥的生产推广工作在当前以产业化生产和市场化销售为主的推广模式中,存在成本收益缺乏竞争性、有机农产品市场发育不健全以及有机肥质量不达标、推广方式过于单一、农民种田习惯难以改变等问题.本文以上海市为例,考虑到有机肥生产和使用过程的正外部性及由此体现出的公共物品属性,提出应由企业、农户,市场和消费者、政府等责任主体共同参与,从生产和消费两个环节着手,打开有机肥推广的空间.     

推广重点实用技术加快环保产业发展

国家重点环境保护实用技术推广计划是一项滚动计划,从1992年开始由中国环境保护产业协会承担,旨在将环境科技成果迅速转化为污染防治的现实能力.2007年共评选出105项重点环境保护实用技术,2006年共有56项工程经评审、验收后被列为国家重点环境保护实用技术示范工程,这些项目技术先进、工艺成熟,运行可靠、经济合理,它们的广泛推广应用,将有利于我国环境质量的改善.     

垃圾分类“湖州模式”可复制推广

<正>住房和城乡建设部日前表示,随着我国垃圾分类工作持续推进,2023年年底前,地级及以上城市居民小区垃圾分类覆盖率要达到90%以上,2025年年底前基本实现全覆盖。面对任务书和时间表,那些目前尚未开展垃圾分类的城市怎么办？如何才能完成上述目标任务?在笔者看来,以典型引路,复制推广垃圾分类“湖州模式”是不错的选项。     

重点实用技术推广项目

CJD厨房油烟净化机 CJD Kitchen Oil Smoke Purifiers　　由上海昊元净之王环保设备有限公司开发、上海市环保局推荐的 CJD厨房油烟净化机适用于餐饮及相关食品加工油烟净化。 　　主要技术内容 　　一、基本原理 　　1、工作流程： 　　2、工作原理： 　　含油气流在进风口被分流板分散进入格栅,较大油污颗粒在气流与格栅作用下分离出来,气流进入电场后,在高压电场作用下,气体被电离,油雾荷电,微小油粒带电后在电场力及气流作用下向收尘板、格栅运动,并积聚在格栅上,沿格栅板流下后,经排油通道排出。 　　二、技术关键 　　…     

规范和推广燃油清净剂是环境保护的必然趋势

文章分析了我国机动车迅速增长及城市环境状况的恶化，指出推广燃油清净剂，使用高质量标准的燃油是机动车减排和节能的有效途径。     

生态农业新技术亟待推广

刚刚参加完第三届世界生态高峰会议,中国农业大学资源与环境学院生态学与生态工程系教授曹志平就忙着联系记者。在采访曹志平时记者获悉,他们在山东省寿光市     

Integrated management of radioactive strontium contamination in aqueous stream systems

A combination of biomass treatment, fluidized bed/membrane reactor, and a minimum-suspension fluidized bed reactor is proposed to remove strontium cations from aqueous solutions, such as those generated by nuclear reactors. After conducting a series of screening tests, three adsorbents were selected for their suitability and high adsorptive capacity. The proposed combination uses Chlorella vulgaris in a packed column, followed by the fluidized bed/membrane reactor with bentonite powder in suspension. The membrane is primarily used to retain bentonite powder in the reactor. However, the same can be designed to remove additional amount of contaminant from the aqueous stream. The final separation is carried out in a fluidized bed containing resins that are suspended with minimal airflow. In laboratory scale, a flow rate of 600 ml/h was achieved for 30 min during which period the inlet concentration of 100 mg/l was reduced to 2.5 mg/l at the outlet. Bio-encapsulation with thermophilic bacteria and subsequent separation is proposed at this point in order to reduce the concentration to an even lower level. The proposed separation scheme offers an acceptable solution to removing strontium while minimizing the generation of secondary waste.     

循环流化床脱硫工艺运行中常见问题浅析

循环流化床脱硫是目前国内应用最多的(半)干法脱硫技术,但经过多年的运行也暴露出诸如系统可靠性差、循环灰装置易堵塞、湿壁、系统能耗大、运行费用高、脱硫率低等问题。本文就循环流化床脱硫工艺在实际运行中存在的问题进行了分析讨论。     

影响循环流化床锅炉石灰石脱硫效率的因素分析

循环流化床锅炉不仅燃烧效率高、燃料适应性广、负荷调节性能好;而且脱硫效率高、运行成本低、设施简单可靠,近年来得到了快速发展.本文研究了循环流化床炉内脱硫机理,分析了影响脱硫效率的主要因素,对提高循环流化床脱硫效率和石灰石利用率,减少锅炉烟气二氧化硫排放浓度,降低脱硫剂的消耗量具有指导意义,在流化床脱硫系统设计、优化运行...     

Experimental validation of in situ CO2 capture with CaO during the low temperature combustion of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor

A novel concept for capturing CO₂ from biomass combustion using CaO as an active solid sorbent of CO₂ is discussed and experimentally tested. According to the CaO/CaCO₃ equilibrium, if a fuel could be burned at a sufficiently low temperature (below 700 °C) it would be possible to capture CO₂ “in situ” with the CaO particles at atmospheric pressure. A subsequent step involving the regeneration of CaCO₃ in a calciner operating at typical conditions of oxyfired-circulating fluidized combustion would deliver the CO₂ ready for purification, compression and permanent geological storage. Several series of experiments to prove this concept have been conducted in a 30 kW interconnected fluidized bed test facility at INCAR-CSIC, made up of two interconnected circulating fluidized bed reactors, one acting as biomass combustor-carbonator and the other as air-fired calciner (which is considered to yield similar sorbent properties than those of an oxyfired calciner). CO₂ capture efficiencies in dynamic tests in the combustor-carbonator reactor were measured over a wide range of operating conditions, including different superficial gas velocities, solids circulation rates, excess air above stoichiometric, and biomass type (olive pits, saw dust and pellets). Biomass combustion in air is effective at temperatures even below the 700 °C, necessary for the effective capture of CO₂ by carbonation of CaO. Overall CO₂ capture efficiencies in the combustor-carbonator higher than 70% can be achieved with sufficiently high solids circulation rates of CaO and solids inventories. The application of a simple reactor model for the combined combustion and CO₂ capture reactions allows an efficiency factor to be obtained from the dynamic experimental test that could be valuable for scaling up purposes.     

微生物降解炼油厂含酚废水的实验研究

采用燕化集团公司炼油事业部污水厂的活性污泥为菌源 ,好氧条件下通过分离、驯化筛选出三种高效降酚微生物。并在实验室模拟三相生物流化床分别对人工含酚废水和燕山石化炼油厂含酚废水进行降解实验 ,结果显示 ,在三相生物流化床中使用微生物包埋法制作的海藻酸钙载体处理含酚废水 ,3小时段内降酚显著 ,t -testP <0 0 1,处理效果良好 ,并以海藻酸钠为主要原料制作载体可以极大降低处理成本     

影响循环流化床（CFB）锅炉脱硫效率的因素及解决办法探讨

通过对影响循环流化床（CFB）锅炉脱硫效率的因素进行分析,根据近年有关单位的研究和国内CFB电厂的生产实践,提出循环流化床锅炉通过采取合理控制燃烧温度、循环物料量和床层物料量的优化设计、气相停留时间及固相停留时间的优化设计、采用合理的石灰石粒度、采用带有外置床的CFB锅炉等措施,可在较低的钙硫比情况下使脱硫效率达到94%以上。     

Industrial-scale demonstration of a new sorbent reactivation technology for fluidized bed combustors

To minimize the disposal of highly reactive spent sorbent from a fluidized bed combustor, a new method for reactivation has been developed. The method consists of grinding the spent ash in a rotary mill, hydrating the ash with an excess of water, and mixing the wet ground ash with dry solids to absorb the excess water. The mixing process eliminates the formation of a concrete-like product that normally results as wet fluidized bed combustor ash ages. Pilot-scale combustion trials proved to be successful, and the process was scaled up using a 35MWt utility boiler at Purdue University. The test lasted for 3 days and resulted in net reduction of limestone sorbent use of 18%. The results generated in this work have been used to develop an economic evaluation for a 165MWe circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, which projects significant savings due to reduction of limestone supply and ash disposal costs. The evaluation also suggests that the process is cost competitive with other processes, albeit that those processes have not been demonstrated at industrial scale. Furthermore, it also has the potential to make a small net reduction in CO(2) emissions, due to reduced limestone usage.     

A pilot-plant study for destruction of PCBs in contaminated soils using fluidized bed combustion technology

Destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in contaminated soils and wastes using circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) technology was studied using a pilot plant and simulated waste material. The results show that the technology is effective and particularly promising for treatment of PCB-containing materials like the toxic sludge from a large contaminated site. Destruction of the toxics in the gas phase appears to be very fast, and over 99.9999% destruction and removal efficiency can be achieved in the temperature range 875-880 degrees C. Heat transfer in the fluidized bed also appears adequate. Toxic residues in treated soil can be reduced to very low levels. Rate-controlling factors of the decontamination process are analyzed, and key issues for determination of the process conditions are discussed.     

三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术研究应用进展

阐述了三相好氧生物流化床污水处理技术的工艺特点和发展概况，介绍了三相好氧生物流化床在污水处理领域的研究及应用现状，并分析了其存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

SE-SMR process performance in CFB reactors: Simulation of the CO2 adsorption/desorption processes with CaO based sorbents

A 3D numerical model for gas–solid flow was developed and used to study the sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) and the sorbent regeneration processes with CaO based sorbent in fluidized bed reactors. The SE-SMR process (i.e., SMR and adsorption of CO₂) was carried out in a bubbling fluidized bed. The effects of pressure and steam-to-carbon ratio on the reactions are studied. High pressure and low steam-to-carbon ratio will decrease the conversion of methane. But the high pressure makes the adsorption of CO₂ faster. The methane conversion and heat utility are enhanced by CO₂ adsorption. The produced CO₂ in SMR process is adsorbed almost totally in a relative long period of time in the bubbling fluidized bed. It means that the adsorption rate of CO₂ is fast enough compared with the SMR rate. The process of sorbent regeneration was carried out in a riser. An unfeasible residence time is required to complete the regeneration process. Higher temperature makes the release of CO₂ faster, but the rate is severely restrained by the increased CO₂ concentration in gas phase. The temperature distribution is uniform over the whole reactor. Regeneration rate and capacity of sorbents are important factors in selecting the type of reactors for SE-SMR process.