Response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition： A nursery experiment in subtropical China

We studied the responses of soil fauna to a simulated nitrogen deposition in nursery experimental plots in Subtropical China. Dissolved NH4NO3 was applied to the soil by spraying twice per month for 16 months, starting January 2003 with treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 gN/(m2·a). Soil fauna was sampled after 6, 9, 13 and 16 months of treatment in three soil depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm). Soil available N increased in correspondence with the increasing N treatment, whereas soil pH decreased. Bacterial and fungal densities were elevated by the N treatment. Soil fauna increased in the lower nitrogen treatments but decreased in the higher N treatments, which might indicate that there was a threshold around 10 gN/(m2·a) for the stimulating effects of N addition. The N effects were dependent on the soil depth and sampling time. The data also suggested that the effects of the different N treatments were related to the level of N saturation, especially the concentration of NO3- in the soil.     

Subtropical urban turfs: Carbon and nitrogen pools and the role of enzyme activity

Urban grasslands not only provide a recreational venue for urban residents, but also sequester organic carbon in vegetation and soils through photosynthesis, and release carbon dioxide through respiration, which largely contribute to carbon storage and fluxes at regional and global scales. We investigated organic carbon and nitrogen pools in subtropical turfs and found that dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)were regulated by several factors including microbial activity which is indicated by soil enzymatic activity. We observed a vertical variation and different temporal patterns in both soil DOC, DON and enzyme activities, which decreased significantly with increasing soil depths. We further found that concentration of soil DON was linked with turf age. There were correlations between grass biomass and soil properties, and soil enzyme activities. In particular, soil bulk density was significantly correlated with soil moisture and soil organic carbon(SOC). In addition, DOC correlated significantly with DON. Significant negative correlations were also observed between soil total dissolved nitrogen(TDN) and grass biomass of Axonopus compressus and Zoysia matrella. Specifically, grass biomass was significantly correlated with the soil activity of urease and β-glucosidase. Soil NO3-N concentration also showed negative correlations with the activity of both β-glucosidase and protease but there were no significant correlations between cellulase and soil properties or grass biomass. Our study demonstrated a relationship between soil C and N dynamics and soil enzymes that could be modulated to enhance SOC pools through management and maintenance practices.     

Modeling study on seasonal variation in aerosol extinction properties over China

To investigate the seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth(AOD), extinction coefcient(EXT), single scattering albedo(SSA) and the decomposed impacts from sulfate(SO4 2) and black carbon(BC) over China, numerical experiments are conducted from November 2007 to December 2008 by using WRF-Chem. Comparison of model results with measurements shows that model can reproduce the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of AOD and SSA. Over south China, AOD is largest in spring(0.6–1.2) and lowest in summer(0.2–0.6). Over north, northeast and east China, AOD is highest in summer while lowest in winter. The high value of EXT under 850 hPa which is the reflection of low visibility ranges from 0.4–0.8 km 1and the high value area shifts to north during winter, spring and summer, then back to south in autumn. SSA is 0.92–0.94 in winter and 0.94–0.96 for the other three seasons because of highest BC concentration in winter over south China. Over east China, SSA is highest(0.92–0.96) in summer, and 0.88–0.92 during winter, spring and autumn as the concentration of scattering aerosol is highest while BC concentration is lowest in summer over this region. Over north China, SSA is highest(0.9–0.94) in summer and lowest(0.82–0.86) in winter due to the significant variation of aerosol concentration. The SO4 2 induced EXT increases about 5%– 55% and the impacts of BC on EXT is much smaller(2%–10%). The SO4 2-induced increase in SSA is 0.01–0.08 and the BC-induced SSA decreases 0.02–0.18.     

Temporal–spatial distribution and diastereoisomer pattern of hexabromocyclododecane in the vicinity of a chemical plant

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) is an effective brominated flame-retardant additive, which is mainly produced in the coastal area of China. This study collected soil samples from a HBCD production plant and its surrounding area in Weifang, Shandong Province, China, and analyzed the temporal–spatial distribution of HBCD and its diastereoisomers in soil. The analysis results showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil near the plant was much higher than normal values, with an annual average concentration reaching 5405 ng/g. Soils 1,2 and 4 km away from the plant were also analyzed, showing that the concentration of HBCD in soil decreased accordingly with the distance from the pollution sources. In order to investigate the effect of the season on HBCD content, the soil samples were collected in all four seasons of the year 2017–2018. According to variations in the wind direction, the concentration of HBCD in soil was also changed. The distribution trend showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil in the downwind direction of the prevailing wind was higher than that in the upwind direction. In addition, this work analyzed the distribution of HBCD in vertical soil sections. It was found that the concentration of HBCD decreased with depth in the soil vertical profile. Finally, the various diastereoisomer patterns in the soil compartments were examined, finding that α-HBCD and γ-HBCD were the predominant diastereoisomers in the soil of the study area.     

Determination of respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in soil profile using BaPS system

A facility of BaPS （Barometric Process Separation） was used to determine soil respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in a winter wheat field with depths of 0-7, 7--14 and 14-21 cm. N2O production was determined by a gas chromatograph. Crop root mass and relevant soil parameters were measured. Results showed that soil respiration and gross nitrification decreased with the increase of soil depth, while denitrification did not change significantly. In comparison with no-plowing plot, soil respiration increased significantly in plowing plot, especially in the surface soil of 0-7 cm, while gross nitrification and denitrification rates were not affected by plowing. Cropping practice in previous season was found to affect soil gross nitrification in the following wheat-growing season. Higher gross nitrification rate occurred in the filed plot with preceding crop of rice compared with that of maize for all the three depths of 0-7, 7-14 and 14-21 cm. A further investigation indicated that the nitrification for all the cases accounted for about 76% of the total nitrogen transformation processes of nitrification and denitrification and the N2O production correlated with nitrification significantly, suggesting that nitrification is a key process of soil N2O production in the wheat field. In addition, the variations of soil respiration and gross nitrification were exponentially dependent on root mass （p〈0.00l）.     

Effects of a new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP） on nitrate and potassium leaching in two soils

In this study, soil column was used to study the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP） on nitrate （NO3^-- N） and potassium （K） leaching in the sandy loam soil and clay loam soil. The results showed that DMPP with ammonium sulphate nitrate （ASN） （（NH4）2SO4 and NHaNO3） or urea could reduce NO3^--N leaching significantly, whereas ammonium （NH4^＋-N） leaching increased slightly. In case of total N （NO3^--N＋NH4^＋-N）, losses by leaching during the experimental period （40 d） were 37.93 mg （urea）, 31.61 mg （urea＋DMPP）, 108.10 mg （ASN）, 60.70 mg （ASN＋DMPP） in the sandy loam soil, and 30.54 mg （urea）, 21.05 mg （urea＋DMPP）, 37.86 mg （ASN）, 31.09 mg （ASN＋DMPP） in the clay loam soil, respectively. DMPP-amended soil led to the maintenance of relatively high levels of NH4^＋ -N and low levels of NO3^--N in soil, and nitrification was slower. DMPP supplementation also resulted in less potassium leached, but the difference was not significant except the treatment of ASN and ASN＋DMPP in the sandy loam soil. Above results indicate that DMPP is a good nitrification inhibitor, the efficiency of DMPP seems better in the sandy loam soil than in the clay loam soil and lasts longer.     

Spatial variations of Pb in the vertical zone of the soil-plant system in the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve

The characteristics of vertical and horizontal variations of lead element (Pb) in soil-plant system of vertical zone in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve(CNNR)were studied.The results showed that Pb concentrations in soils of vertical zone are all above 25mg/kg,and the average Pb concentration of each soil zone negatively correlates its degree of variation,i.e.brown coniferous forest soil zone has the lowest average Pb concentration of four soil zones,and the highest horizontal variation;however,mountain soddy forest soil has the highest average Pb concentration,and the lowest horizontal variation;the average concentration of plant Pb of each plant zone is lower than the worldwide average level of Pb in plant(Clarke),respectively,and plant Pb content order is consistent with soil Pb content order,but their horizontal variations are different from those in soil zones,the variation of mountain tundra forest zone is highest,but Betula ermanii forest zoner the lowest.Vertical variation of plant Pb is obviously higher than that in soils with variation coefficient of 89.76%;the enrichment capability of plant for Pb is depended on the plant types and the different organs of plant;parent material and parent rock,pH values,soil organic matter and soil particle fraction etc.are the main factors influencing variations of Pb contant in soil-plant system of vertical zone in CNNR.     

Modeling effects of temperature and precipitation on carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions in Abies fabric forest of subalpine

Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive to climatic changes. A process-oriented biogeochemical model, Forest-DNDC, was applied to simulate the e ects of climatic factors, temperature and precipitation changes on carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in A. fabric forest. Validation indicated that the Forest-DNDC could be used to predict carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions with reasonable accuracy. The model simulated carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, soil CO2, N2O, and NO emissions with the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions. The results showed that with variation in the baseline temperature from –2℃ to +2℃, the gross primary production (GPP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) increased, and the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) decreased because of higher respiration rate. With increasing baseline precipitation the GPP and NPP increased slightly, and the NEP and SOC showed decreasing trend. Soil CO2 emissions increased with the increase of temperature, and CO2 emissions changed little with increased baseline precipitation. With increased temperature and decreased baseline temperature, the total annual soil N2O emissions increased.With the variation of baseline temperature from –2℃ to +2℃, the total annual soil NO emissions increased. The total annual N2O and NO emissions showed increasing trends with the increase of precipitation. The biogeochemical simulation of the typical forest indicated that temperature changes strongly a ected carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil GHGs emissions. The precipitation was not a principal factor a ecting carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil CO2 emissions, but changes in precipitation could exert strong e ect on soil N2O and NO emissions.     

Modeling effects of temperature and precipitation on carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions in Abies fabric forest of subaipine

Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive to climatic changes. A process-oriented biogeochemical model, Forest-DNDC, was applied to simulate the effects of climatic factors, temperature and precipitation changes on carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gases （GHGs） emissions in A. fabric forest. Validation indicated that the Forest-DNDC could be used to predict carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions with reasonable accuracy. The model simulated carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, soil CO2, N2O, and NO emissions with the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions. The results showed that with variation in the baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the gross primary production （GPP） and soil organic carbon （SOC） increased, and the net primary production （NPP） and net ecosystem production （NEP） decreased because of higher respiration rate. With increasing baseline precipitation the GPP and NPP increased slightly, and the NEP and SOC showed decreasing trend. Soil CO2 emissions increased with the increase of temperature, and CO2 emissions changed little with increased baseline precipitation. With increased temperature and decreased baseline temperature, the total annual soil N2O emissions increased. With the variation of baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the total annual soil NO emissions increased. The total annual N2O and NO emissions showed increasing trends with the increase of precipitation. The biogeochemical simulation of the typical forest indicated that temperature changes strongly affected carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil GHGs emissions. The precipitation was not a principal factor affecting carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil CO2 emissions, but changes in precipitation could exert strong effect on soil N2O and NO emissions.     

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

潮白河周丛生物群落元素组成与水质变化的生态计量学关系研究

研究了潮白河流域中污染水体对周丛生物群落的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素含量以及生态计量组成的影响.结果表明,下游潮白河NH4+-N、NOx--N分别占TN的52%和28%;上游白河则分别占1.6%和38%.潮白河TP含量(0.104 mg.L-1)为白河TP含量(0.005 mg.L-1)的21倍.白河和潮白河周丛生物C、N、P元素的变异系数分别为0.55、0.41、0.62和0.24、0.13、0.18,表明生长于白河周丛生物的元素结构变化更大.无周丛生物的水体NH4+-N和TP的浓度分别为有周丛生物的21倍和11倍.通过对TOC、TN、NOx--N、NH4+-N、TP、pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)和电导率(conductivity)等水质指标进行二元Logistic回归分析得知,水体TP为影响潮白河周丛生物生存的主要因素,其预测正确率为87.3%.周丛生物C、N、P元素间有强相关性,其中N起了"桥梁"作用.生态计量学分析进一步显示周丛生物的N∶P的比值追随水体TN∶TP的变化;并且该比值主要受水体TP浓度影响.周丛生物N∶P可用于水体TN∶TP变化的生态计量学的指示因子.本研究为进一步探究周丛生物群落结构变化,以及对高一级营养级生物群落结构和元素循环的影响奠定了基础.     

都市农业区域村级果园土壤氮素的空间分布特征——以上海南汇新场镇果园村为例

以上海都市农业区域南汇新场镇果园村为例,运用传统统计学和地统计学方法研究了该村主要土地利用类型--桃园耕作层土壤氮素的空间变异特征.结果表明,桃园土壤中总氮(TN)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)的变异程度较大,属强变异性;硝态氮(NO3--N)的变异程度较小,属中等变异性.TN、NO3-N和NH4+-N的变异函数的最佳拟合模...     

三峡库区大宁河沉积物营养盐时空分布及其与叶绿素的相关性分析

为研究大宁河底泥营养盐时空分布与藻细胞分布的关系,本研究在大宁河选择4个代表性的取样点:菜子坝、白水河、双龙和大昌,利用垂直重力采泥器,按照2 cm厚度分层选取底泥,检测底泥中总氮,氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、总磷、无机磷、有机磷和叶绿素的垂向分布,分析叶绿素与营养盐的相关性.结果表明,菜子坝底泥0.0~2.0 cm总氮浓度最高,白水河底泥2.0~4.0 cm的总氮浓度最高;菜子坝底泥2.0~4.0 cm氨氮浓度最高,1和2月白水河底泥4.0~6.0 cm浓度较高;硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮(除3月)在菜子坝底泥2.0~4.0 cm浓度最高;氨氮、硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮浓度在同一个采样点底泥4.0 cm以下分层差异不显著;白水河底泥总磷0.0~6.0 cm呈增加趋势,菜子坝底泥表层的总磷和无机磷的浓度显著高于其它分层,而且每一分层中总磷、无机磷浓度都高于其他3个取样点相应的分层;有机磷在菜子坝和大昌的浓度高于白水河和双龙的浓度,但是同一采样点底泥不同分层的有机磷浓度差异不显著;同一深层底泥中的叶绿素a浓度在大昌最高,其次是白水河,再次菜子坝,双龙处的叶绿素浓度最低;只有1月在大昌取样点处无机磷和叶绿素a的浓度显著正相关,相关系数为0.87,底泥中的营养盐不是影响底泥藻细胞分布的主要影响因素.     

洱海上覆水不同形态氮时空分布特征

为研究洱海上覆水各形态氮时空变化特征及其环境效应,收集了1992~2009年洱海上覆水总氮数据,逐月调查了2010年上覆水各形态氮含量.结果表明,1992~2010年洱海上覆水TN含量在0.20~0.67mg/L之间,总体呈上升趋势.2010年上覆水TN年均值为0.57mg/L,DTN为0.41mg/L,NH4+-N为0.17 mg/L,NO3--N为0.086 mg/L,DON为0.15mg/L,颗粒态氮(PN)为0.16mg/L,满足Ⅲ类水体要求;TN、DTN和DON北部最高,NH4+-N和NO3--N中部最高、PN南部最高;上覆水各形态氮年内呈先升后降趋势,TN、DON和PN在7月份达到最高值,DTN和NO3--N在9月份达到最高值,NH4+-N在6月份达到最高值;上覆水TN、DTN、DON和PN垂向分布底层最高,表层次之,温跃层12m处出现峰值.上覆水氮形态时空分布主要受外源氮输入影响,内源氮释放以DON和PN形态为主,NH4+-N和NO3--N分布受水生植物分布影响较大,TN是影响藻类季节性变化的主要因子.洱海营养水平受上覆水氮浓度影响较大,应以控制外源氮输入为重点,特别是雨季之初6、7月份,北部“三江”流域是重点控制区域.     

河套灌区春小麦-萝卜复种模式下土壤NO3--N动态

研究了河套灌区春小麦-萝卜复种模式下,土壤、土壤溶液和地下水NO₃^--N浓度的动态变化.结果表明:随着试验时间的延长,土壤表层NO₃^--N含量降低,深层(100～150cm)增加;土壤溶液中、下层NO₃^--N浓度(70、120cm)显著高于上层(30cm),尤其是在萝卜生长季.当前的灌溉条件下,不同年度、不同生长季土壤NO₃^--N淋失量的多少与土壤水分的下渗量密切相关,且输入的氮素中有30%以上以NO₃^--N的形式淋失掉.施肥区地下水NO₃^--N浓度显著高于未施肥区,且65.5%的水样超过WHO规定的上限(11.3mg/L).总之,经过连续2a的春小麦与萝卜复种可使表层土壤NO₃^--N含量明显降低,但由于中、下层土壤剖面中残留大量的NO₃^--N,因此在当前灌溉措施下,短期内NO₃^--N淋失是不可避免的.     

枯水期赣江流域氮磷的分布特征

于2006年1月对赣江流域地表水进行了系统采集,分析研究了水体中各形态氮磷含量分布特征,结果表明,赣江水体中主要的氮素形式是NO3--N,支流中以袁水NO3--N(2.57 mg/L)和TN(3.32 mg/L)含量最高,赣江中支NH4+-N(1.26 mg/L)和TP(0.07 mg/L)含量为全流域最大值。沿水流方向赣江主干流TN开始呈现明显下降趋势,而后又呈上升趋势。赣江流域从上游至下游NO3--N、TN有明显的上升趋势,NH4+-N变化趋势不是很明显,TP在中游处最低,下游比上游高。赣江水中三态无机氮处于较稳定的热力学平衡状态。     

北运河武清段水污染时空变异特征

通过对北运河武清段水系(主河道——北运河和龙凤河,北运河支流——柳河、灌溉沟渠)的水质进行监测,采用灰色关联法对水质状况进行评价,并利用多元统计法对污染的时空变异特征进行了分析.结果表明,北运河武清段水系17个观测点中有23.8%的观测点的水质为Ⅲ类水,12.7%为Ⅳ类水,63.5%为Ⅴ类水.水质存在时空变异,夏、冬季节各河道水质差异不显著,春、秋季节差异显著.沟渠水质最差,其总磷(TP)含量和BOD5值明显高于其他河道;TP、硝态氮(NO3--N)、COD、总有机碳(TOC)、温度(T)、溶解氧(DO)和总氮(TN)解释了全部的季节性变异,BOD5、pH、溶解性总固体(TDS)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)的季节变异主要受人为因素影响,氧化还原电位(ORP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)和亚硝态氮(NO2--N)次之.NH4+-N和TN解释了51%的空间变异,主河道的氮污染是由上游工厂和企业排放污水造成的;北运河武清段的主要污染物依次为:有机污染物、氨氮、硝态氮、酸碱废水和磷,污染表现为复合污染,点源仍是最主要的污染源.     

洱海湖滨带水质的时空变化规律

对洱海全湖128km湖滨带及其外围敞水区水质进行了为期1a的调查研究.结果表明,洱海湖滨带总氮、氨氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数年平均处于Ⅲ类水平,主要污染因子是总氮和总磷;湖滨带水质季节性变化表现为夏、秋季水质污染重于冬、春季,最重时期是11月.水质空间变化表现为北部污染重于南部,西部重于东部;临近村落、农田区湖滨带总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数浓度均明显高于临近林地、山地区湖滨带;强风浪水动力扰动下,湖滨带近岸(离岸0~60m范围,水深￡2.5m)区域水体总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数浓度均明显高于远岸(离岸70~190m范围,水深3.0~8.0m)区域,而在弱风浪下,离岸远近水质差异不明显.     

东湖沉积物中氮磷形态分布的研究

武汉东湖是具有代表性的城市浅水型湖泊.在2004年采用现场调查、布点检测和实验室化学性质分析等方法,对东湖西南部的子湖--庙湖的沉积物柱芯的氮和磷进行了形态分析,对其垂直剖面分布和季节性变化进行了调查.研究表明,沉积物中氮的赋存特征和变化规律为:总氮平均含量1.62～3.17g/kg,在垂直剖面上表现为随沉积深度的增加而降低的趋势;其含量随季节变化有周期性的规律,春季沉积物中总氮的含量是1 a中最少的,夏季开始增加,秋冬季总氮量达到最大.因受沉积物总氮和埋藏环境的双重影响,沉积物中铵态氮平均含量的季节性变化规律与总氮相似,春季铵态氮的含量最少为117.66mg/kg,夏秋季含量达到最大为216.20mg/kg,冬季稍有减少.沉积物中各形态磷的垂直赋存特征为:在0～10em沉积深度内,总磷(TP)含量0.255～3.36g/kg、不稳态磷(LP)含量0.192～11.00mg/kg、铁结合磷(Fe-P)含量13.47～1379.91mg/kg和铝结合磷(Al-P)含量7.77～317.64mg/kg,均有明显的"表层富积"现象,其含量随深度的增加而迅速减少,通常>10 cm后这些磷形态的含量保持稳定.结果表明,造成湖泊水体富营养化的污染源有外源和内源,当外源截污后,内源沉积物中的营养盐仍可能使湖泊处于富营养化状态;磷仍然是东湖最主要的限制性营养元素,春季湖区沉积物中铁结合磷比例最大,占沉积物TP的44.30%,说明庙湖水域污染程度严重.     

重庆市盘溪河水质不同季节日变化规律及水质评价

在2010年不同季节对盘溪河水质进行了采样监测,分析了盘溪河水质的季节日变化规律,运用非参数检验、方差分析和灰色关联度方法评价了盘溪河不同季节的水质日变化情况.结果表明,在不同季节中,除了Zn和Cu以外,其余各污染物都表现出显著性差异.盘溪河各水质指标季节日变化情况差别较大,DO的浓度在冬季最低,而BOD5、COD和TOC的浓度在冬季最高;NO3--N的浓度在夏季最高,而TN、NH4+-N和TP的浓度在夏季最低;Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu的日变化在不同季节波动都较大.有机污染物(BOD5、COD和TOC)和营养物质(NO3--N、TN、NH4+-N和TP)浓度的峰值多数在12:00～16:00之间;重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu)浓度的峰值多数在12:00.运用灰色关联度方法评价了盘溪河水质级别:春季在06:00和08:00为Ⅱ类,其余各时间段河流水质为劣Ⅴ类;夏季各时间段河流水质都为Ⅱ类;秋季在06:00和16:00为劣Ⅴ类,其余各时间段水质均为Ⅱ类.冬季在08:00为Ⅱ类,其余各时间段河流水质为劣Ⅴ类.