介质阻挡放电去除NO的实验研究

设计了一套高压电源和同轴圆柱 -筒介质阻挡放电反应器装置 ,进行了冷等离子体去除NO的实验研究 ,结果表明该方法是有效的 .研究了气体流量、NO初始浓度、放电电压、O2 含量以及中心电极尺寸对NO去除效率的影响 .当流量较小或NO初始浓度较低时 ,有较高的去除率 ;流量变大和NO初始浓度增加时 ,NO的去除率将下降 .放电电压升高 ,NO去除率将增大 .O2 的存在会降低NO的去除率 .放电管其它特征尺寸给定条件下 ,中心电极存在一个最佳直径 ,使得NO的去除效果最为理想 .     

脱硫脱硝技术展望

论述了脱硫脱硝技术现状 ,通过分析比较得出 :湿法脱硫投资和运行成本高 ,产生的副产品无法进行再利用 ;电子束烟气脱硫脱硝技术投资和运行比湿法脱硫低20%～30%,但需要严格庞大的放射线防护设施 ,电子加速器昂贵 ,电子能量损失大。笔者提出强电离放电可以将烟气中的SO₂ 氧化 ,然后生成固体微粒 (NH₄)₂SO₄,提高反应速率 ,简化流程 ,有望真正解决我国的SO₂ 和NO_x。      

Simultaneous removing SO2 and NO by a new system containing cobalt complex

Absorption and catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide can be achieved by using cobalt（Ⅲ） ethylenediamine （Co（en）3^3＋. When simultaneous absorbing SO2 and NO, the precipitation of Co2（SO3）3 will be yielded and the NO removal will be decreased. A new catalyst system using Co（en）3^3＋ coupled with urea has been developed to simultaneous remove NO and SO2 in the flue gas. NO is absorbed and catalytically oxidized to nitrite and nitrate by Co（en）3^3＋. The dissolved oxygen in scrubbing solution from the feed stream acts as oxidant. Urea restrains the precipitation of Co2（SO3）3 by oxidizing SO3^2-to SO4^2- as COSO4 is more soluble in water. The experimental results proved that nearly all SO3^2- can be oxidized to SO4^2- and the high NO and SO2 removal could be obtained with the new system. The NO removal is influenced by gas flow rate, the concentration of Co（en）3^3＋ and urea in the absorption solution, the temperature of the scrubbing solution and the content of oxygen in the flue gas. The low gas flow rate is favorable to increase the NO removal. The experiments proved that the NO removal could be maintained at more than 95% by the system of 0.02 mol/L Co（en）3^3＋ and 1% urea at 50℃ with 10% O2 in the flue gas.     

钙基吸收剂液相氧化法协同脱硫脱硝试验

采用CaCO3作为吸收剂,利用单隔板喷射鼓泡实验装置研究了NaCl02作为氧化剂的协同脱硫脱硝效果,并与KMnO4进行了对比.考察了不同试验条件对NO和SO2脱除效率的影响.实验结果表明,同等条件下NaClO2的脱硫脱硝效果优于KMnO4;低pH值有利于NaClO2氯化脱硝,但对于KMnO4氧化脱硝,pH值无明显影响;提高SO2浓度或降低NO浓度均可提高NO脱除效率,NaClO2的氧化脱硝特性较KMnO4显著;提高氧化剂加入量和喷射管浸没深度均可以提高脱硫脱硝效率.     

脉冲电晕放电协同烟气脱硫脱硝试验研究

脉冲电晕放电对PM2.5具有一定的凝并作用,与直流静电除尘器相结合可以提高燃煤电厂烟气中粉尘的脱除效率.基于脉冲电晕放电还可以将烟气中的NO、SO2氧化成NO2、SO3等易吸收的物质成分,与传统的液相吸收洗涤技术相结合可提高NO、SO2的脱除效率.文中进行了脉冲电晕放电协同烟气脱硫脱硝的试验研究,研究了影响NO、SO2转化效率的主要因素.实验结果表明,提高脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、脉冲放电电极数目.延长停留时间.降低气体初始浓度有助于提高NO、SO2的转化效率;增加空气湿度可以显著提高SO2的转化效率.在本试验中,当NO、SO2初始浓度为150×10-6左右时,其相应的转化效率可以分别达到70%、90%.     

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx and diesel PM over La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 catalyst assisted by plasma

The simultaneous removal of NOx and particulate matter(PM) from diesel exhaust is investigated over a mixed metal oxide catalyst of La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 loaded on γ-Al2O3 spherules with the assistant of plasma. It was found that NOx was reduced by PM in oxygen rich atmosphere, the CO2 and N2 were produced in the same temperature window without considering the N2 formed by plasma decomposition. As a result, the temperature for the PM combustion decreases and the reduction efficiency of NOx to N2 increases during the plasma process, which indicated that the activity of the catalyst can be improved by plasma. The NOx is decomposed by plasma at both low temperature and high temperature. Therefore, the whole efficiency of NOx conversion is enhanced.     

电晕放电与络合催化联合同时去除烟气中SO_2、NO实验研究

采用电晕放电与液相络合催化协同同时去除烟气中SO2和NO,电压、水流量、乙二胺合钴浓度、pH、SO2和NO初始浓度以及气流量对同时去除SO2和NO效率的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明:NO去除率随着放电电压、水流量、乙二胺合钴浓度、pH的增加而增加,而随SO2和NO初始浓度、烟气流量的增大而减小;SO2去除率也随放电电压,水流量的增加而增加,随烟气流量的增加而下降,但溶液pH,SO2和NO初始浓度和乙二胺合钴浓度对其影响很小.溶液中加入Mn2+和尿素能分别增强SO2和NO的去除效果.最佳条件为:电压25 kV、水流量80 L·h-1,乙二胺合钴浓度0.02 mol·L-1,烟气流量1.0 m3·h-1、尿素浓度0.02 mol·L-1,Mn2+浓度为0.02 mol·L-1时,NO和SO2去除率分别可达68%和94%,对应能量消耗分别为22.2 g·k Wh-1和75.2 g·k Wh-1.     

次氯酸钠湿法烟气脱硝及同时脱硫脱硝技术研究

采用NaClO作氧化吸收剂,在鼓泡反应装置进行了湿法烟气脱硝实验研究,考察了NaIO、NO浓度、液相温度、气体流量、pH对脱硝效率的影响以及SO2对同时脱硫脱硝效率的影响,并结合液相产物分析探讨了同时脱硫脱硝反应机理.研究结果表明,pH值是影响活性成分HClO存在形式的重要因素,同时也是影响氧化吸收的关键因素;在一定范...     

Fe/Zn-TMS体系吸收去除催化裂化干气中H2S的性能

本研究采用FeCl3·6H2O、ZnCl2和环丁砜(TMS)复配形成的Fe/Zn-TMS体系脱除催化裂化(FCC)干气中的H2S,并用30%H2O2氧化再生Fe/Zn-TMS体系.同时,研究了各活性成分比例、吸收液体积浓度、吸收液pH值等对脱硫效率的影响,以及H2O2用量、吸收富液pH值对Fe2+氧化率的影响.结果表明,n(FeCl3·6H2O)∶n(ZnCl2)∶n(TMS)为0.45∶0.55∶1,吸收液pH为0.75,体积浓度(W)为50%的条件下能长时间高效脱硫,最高脱硫率达99.9%;在n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)为2∶1,吸收富液pH为0.65的条件下,Fe2+氧化率达96.7%.体系可循环使用3次,且能耗低、操作简单.     

碳底物含量对厌氧条件下水稻土N2、N2O、NO、CO2和CH4排放的影响

理解底物碳氮对厌氧条件下水稻土排放氮素气体——氮气(N2)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和一氧化氮(NO)以及二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)的影响,有助于制定合理的温室气体减排措施,定量了解反硝化产物组成对碳底物水平的依赖性,也有助于氮转化过程模型研发中制定正确的关键过程参数选取方法或参数化方案.本研究采用粉砂壤质水稻土为研究对象,设置对照(CK)和加碳(C+)两个处理,前者的初始硝态氮和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量分别为~50 mg·kg-1和~28 mg·kg-1,后者的分别为~50 mg·kg-1和~300 mg·kg-1.采用氦环境培养-气体及碳氮底物直接同步测定系统,研究了完全厌氧条件下碳底物水平对上述气体排放的影响.结果表明,CK处理无CH4排放,而C+处理可观测到CH4排放;C+处理的综合增温潜势显著高于CK处理(P<0.01);NO、N2O和N2排放量占这3种氮素气体排放总量的比重,在CK处理分别约为9%、35%和56%,在C+处理分别约为31%、50%和19%,处理间差异显著(P<0.01).由此表明,碳底物水平可显著改变所排放氮素气体的组成;对于旱地阶段硝态氮比较丰富的水稻土,避免在淹水前或淹水期间施用有机肥,有利于削减温室气体排放.     

Integrated removal of NO and mercury from coal combustion flue gas using manganese oxides supported on TiO2

A catalyst composed of manganese oxides supported on titania(MnO_x/TiO_2) synthesized by a sol–gel method was selected to remove nitric oxide and mercury jointly at a relatively low temperature in simulated flue gas from coal-fired power plants. The physico-chemical characteristics of catalysts were investigated by X-ray fluorescence(XRF), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analyses, etc. The effects of Mn loading,reaction temperature and individual flue gas components on denitration and Hg~0 removal were examined. The results indicated that the optimal Mn/Ti molar ratio was 0.8 and the best working temperature was 240°C for NO conversion. O_2 and a proper ratio of [NH_3]/[NO]are essential for the denitration reaction. Both NO conversion and Hg~0 removal efficiency could reach more than 80% when NO and Hg~0 were removed simultaneously using Mn0.8 Tiat 240°C.Hg~0 removal efficiency slightly declined as the Mn content increased in the catalysts. The reaction temperature had no significant effect on Hg~0 removal efficiency. O_2 and HCl had a promotional effect on Hg~0 removal. SO2 and NH_3were observed to weaken Hg~0 removal because of competitive adsorption. NO first facilitated Hg~0 removal and then had an inhibiting effect as NO concentration increased without O_2, and it exhibited weak inhibition of Hg~0 removal efficiency in the presence of O_2. The oxidation of Hg~0 on Mn O x/TiO_2 follows the Mars–Maessen and Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanisms.