兰州市大气苯系物的化学活性特征与健康风险评价

利用热脱附-气相色谱质谱法测定了2017年12月—2018年6月兰州市5个采样点大气环境中14种苯系物的浓度,利用OFP(臭氧生成潜势)、L~(OH)(羟基消耗速率)和SOAFP(二次有机气溶胶生成潜势)分析其化学活性特征,应用特征物种比值法探讨了BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯)的来源,并进行其健康风险评估.结果表明:兰州市大气苯系物的浓度为4.64～32.13μg·m~(-3),平均浓度为14.71μg·m~(-3),且具有冬季夏季春季的特点,5个采样点苯系物总浓度大小顺序为D(18.27μg·m~(-3)) B(17.75μg·m~(-3)) C(14.28μg·m~(-3)) E(12.97μg·m~(-3)) A(10.26μg·m~(-3)).苯系物的L~(OH)为2.64 s~(-1),而苯乙烯和2-甲基萘是关键活性物种;苯系物的OFP为65.05μg·m~(-3),其中甲苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲苯和1,2,4-三甲苯的OFP值较大;苯系物的SOAFP为0.98μg·m~(-3),甲苯和2-甲基萘的贡献较高.B/T(苯/甲苯)值表明,兰州市大气苯系物主要来源于生物质燃料和煤炭燃烧排放;X/E(二甲苯/乙苯)和E/B(乙苯/苯)值表明,污染物气团主要来自本地排放源.人体健康风险评估结果表明,兰州市大气苯系物的非致癌风险(HI=0.05)均小于USEPA建议安全阈值(HI1),致癌风险是安全阈值(1×10~(-6))的3.6倍,显示苯系物对暴露人群存在潜在致癌风险.     

A review of atmospheric benzene homologues in China: Characterization, health risk assessment, source identification and countermeasures

Benzene homologues are important chemical precursors to the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) in the atmosphere,in addition,some toxic species are harmful to human health.Strict countermeasures have been taken to fight air pollution since 2013,and total amount control of volatile organic compounds is being promoted in China at present.Therefore,it is important to understand the pollution situation and the control status of ambient benzene homologues in China.This...