仿刺参幼参对Cu2+的蓄积及Cu2+慢性胁迫对其生长的影响

在水温10 ～12℃条件下,研究了仿刺参幼参暴露于Cu2+浓度为0.010 mg/L、0.012 mg/L和0.050 mg/L的海水中75 d,对其生长和存活的影响及对Cu2的蓄积情况.结果表明,Cu2+浓度为0.010 mg/L和0.012 mg/L组中幼参未发生中毒现象,存活率均为100％.前者体长、体重增长率与...     

低pH值对大型溞（Daphnia magna Straus）存活、生长和生殖的影响

在静置换水条件下,研究了低pH值对大型存活、生长和生殖的影响。结果表明,在25±1℃下,急性试验低pH值对大型的24h和48hLL50值及其95％可信限分别为pH值4.66±0.19和4.94±0.20。慢性试验进行了14天,对存活和生长,pH值1.75有影响,pH值5.0没有影响;对生殖,pH值5.0有影响,pH值5.5没有影响。显示出低pH值对大型的毒性阈限在pH值5.00－5.50之间。     

ClO2氧化,混凝沉降法处理煤气洗涤水的研究

根据煤气洗涤水的性质,用ClO2 氧化除酚,SL和PAM混凝沉降除悬浮物的方法处理煤气洗涤水。实验结果表明,经处理后废水中的主要污染物酚、焦油和悬浮物等去除率都很高,该水完全可以满足回用要求。     

温度对底栖端足类河蜾蠃蜚(Corophium acherusicum)存活、生长和发育的影响

河蜾赢蜚(Corophium acherusicum)生长发育的适温范围为15～25℃,最适温度为20℃.在适宜范围内实验室恒温培养的河蜾赢蜚生长优于自然环境.本文较细致的记录了河蜾赢蜚的发育状况,在适宜范嗣内河蜾赢蜚幼体的发育随温度的提高而加快.研究结果表明,河蜾赢蜚实验室培养温度宜选择在15～25℃,用其进行沉积物毒性生物检测的实验温度宜选择在20℃.     

藻细胞和高岭土的存在对病毒MS2存活的影响

选用病毒MS2作为水中肠道病毒的指示病毒,高岭土和铜绿微囊藻分别作为无机颗粒物和有机颗粒物,研究颗粒物浓度、pH值、不同价态离子浓度、天然有机物(NOM)等水质条件下,无机(高岭土)、有机(铜绿微囊藻)颗粒物存在对病毒MS2存活的影响.结果表明,无机颗粒物高岭土对病毒MS2的存活无明显影响,但当水体钙硬度(钙离子产生的硬度)较大时,病毒MS2的表观存活量增加1个对数;铜绿微囊藻的存在会导致病毒MS2的存活量降低1个对数左右,但当溶液的pH值大于4.0或铜绿微囊藻的浓度小于1.0×106cells·L-1时,藻类对病毒的生存无明显影响;当水体钙硬度较大时,藻反而会增加病毒MS2的存活对数.因此在高浊水、高藻水中,水的钙硬度增加会使水体中病毒生存能力变强,进而增加饮用水的安全风险.     

赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的毒性研究

为研究赤潮防治剂对中国对虾的影响,进行了粘土、Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２、ＡＩＣＩ３、ＦｅＣＩ３对中国对虾的毒性实验。结果表明：（１）粘土对对虾基本无毒性;（２）Ｃａ（ＣＩＯ）２在低浓度下对对虾无毒,在高浓度下对对虾有急性和慢性毒性;（３）ＡＩＣＩ３和ＦｅＣＩ３在对虾体内有一定的积累,但其毒性效应有待于进一步分析。     

表面活性剂对分枝杆菌KR2生长的影响

研究了表面活性剂的浓度、离子类型和分子结构等对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的影响。结果表明，一些表面活性剂在低浓度时可以促进分枝杆菌KR2的生长，高浓度时则会抑制KR2菌株的生长。表面活性剂的离子类型对KR2菌株生长抑制作用的顺序为：阳离子活性剂TDTMA＞阴离子表面活性剂LAS＞非离子表面活性剂Tween80。表面活性剂的直链长度对KR2菌株生长的影响为：直链越短，对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的抑制作用越大。     

厌氧水环境中噬菌体MS2的存活和团聚特性及理化因素的影响

为探究病毒在厌氧水环境中的存活特性,以噬菌体MS2为模式病毒,采用双层平板法进行噬菌体MS2的定量检测,研究温度、pH值、悬浮颗粒物、乙酸等理化条件对噬菌体MS2的影响,分析其衰减动力学特征,并通过测定Zeta电位和噬菌斑直径考察噬菌体颗粒在不同条件下的聚集状况.结果表明,在厌氧水环境中,噬菌体MS2的衰减符合一阶指数衰减模型.在众多研究因素中,温度是影响噬菌体MS2存活的最主要因素.噬菌体MS2在4,17,25和35℃时的T₉₀分别为20.36,6.14,5.15和0.46d.35℃条件下12h后噬菌体失活率高达2.44lg,而4℃条件下7d后噬菌体失活率仅有0.78lg.增加乙酸浓度能明显提高噬菌体MS2的衰减速率.低pH值和悬浮颗粒物条件会促进噬菌体的团聚,使噬菌体颗粒Zeta电位降低,水力学直径增大,但悬浮颗粒物浓度过高会影响颗粒间的静电作用.噬菌体的团聚也增加了噬菌斑的直径,pH=6和20mg/L的悬浮颗粒物条件下,直径1.0mm以上的大噬菌斑数量占比分别达到了45.61%和57.74%.明确厌氧水环境中各种理化因素对噬菌体MS2的影响,可为水环境病毒控制提供科学依据.     

海洋岛渔场中国对虾资源保护和利用的研究

本文简要地介绍了我国海洋岛渔场中国对虾资源的现状及近年来生产情况，分析了海洋岛渔场中国对虾自然资源衰减原因及增殖放流后的成效，提出了保护和利用海洋岛渔场中国对虾资源的措施。     

二氧化氯对水源水中摇蚊幼虫灭活效果的研究

采用二氧化氯和液氯灭活蒸馏水中的第1龄期摇蚊幼虫, 在此基础上, 考察了人工配水和天然原水中二氧化氯对1龄摇蚊幼虫的灭活特征,探讨了原水温度和pH值对二氧化氯灭活1龄摇蚊幼虫的影响.结果表明,与液氯相比, 二氧化氯对1龄摇蚊幼虫具有更好的灭活作用,投加量1.5mg/L,接触30min可以达到100%的灭活率; pH值在5.5~8.1变化对二氧化氯的灭活效果不会产生影响;二氧化氯对1龄摇蚊幼虫的灭活率随TOC的增加而降低;在10~30℃,温度升高能够提高二氧化氯的灭活效果,当原水温度从30℃降低到15℃时灭活率下降为84.5%.     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

Pilot-scale study of removal effect on Chironomid larvae with chlorine dioxide

Introduction C hironom id, from the dipteran fam ily Chirono- m idae, is a non-biting m idge that is w idely distributed in the northern hem isphere at tem perate latitudes. C hironom id larvae can be found both in lentic and lotic environm ents, usually …     

Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence of ammonia nitrogen

The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diversely for different samples. It was then found that ammonia nitrogen did not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater, while it greatly affected the change of genotoxicity during chlorine disinfection of wastewater. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low (< 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection, and when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was high (> 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection.     

Full-scale study of removal effect on Cyclops of zooplankton with chlorine dioxide

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this paper, a full-scale study of chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process for Cyclops removal was conducted in a waterworks. The experimental results were compared with that of the existing prechlorination process in several aspects: including the Cyclops removal efficiencies of water samples taken from the outlets of sedimentation tank and sand filter and the security of drinking water and so on. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be more effective to inactivate Cyclops than chlorine and Cyclops could be thoroughly removed from water by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide process. The GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the sort and amount of organic substance in the treated water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation were evidently less than that of prechlorination and the mutagenicity of drinking water treated by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide was substantially reduced compared with prechlorination.     

Control effects of pε and pH on the generation and stability of chlorine dioxide

IntroductionDuetotheformationofsomepotentiallyhazardousby productsfromchlorinedisinfectionindrinkingwater,chlorinedioxide(ClO2 ) ,asanalternativedisinfectantandaneffectiveoxidant,formedfewerhalogenatedDBPsthanchlorine(Richardson ,1 994;2 0 0 0 ;Bryant,1 992 ) .InvestigationsofthegenerationandstabilityofClO2 havealreadypromoteditsapplication .However,previousstudiespaynoattentiontothefactorofelectronactivity (pε)thatactuallyaffectsthegenerationandstabilityofClO2 Theignoranceofpεappearan…     

Removal of benzene homologous compounds with chlorine dioxide

Ｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｈｏｍｏｌｏｇｏｕｓｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｗｉｔｈｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅｄｉｏｘｉｄｅ￥ＣｈｅｎＨｕｉ；ＷｅｉＤｏｎｇｂｉｎ（ＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ，ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｌａｎｚｈ...     

二氧化氯灭活水中隐孢子虫的影响因素及机理研究

以荧光活体染色法研究了ClO2浓度、灭活时间、浊度、pH值、温度、有机物含量等,对ClO2灭活隐孢子虫效果的影响,并利用扫描电镜和蛋白质实验初步探究了灭活机理.结果显示,当pH7.0,水温为25℃,浊度为1NTU时,投加3mg/L ClO2经过120min,可以达到最适消毒效果(存活率小于1%),隐孢子虫的灭活率与ClO2投加浓度、作用时间成非线性正相关.浊度是影响ClO2灭活隐孢子虫的主要因素,浊度越低,灭活效果越佳;水温(较)低,灭活效果稍差;酸性较于碱性更适宜ClO2灭活隐孢子虫;可溶性有机物一定程度上影响ClO2的灭活效果.扫描电镜和蛋白试验表明,ClO2主要破坏其细胞表面结构,从而引起隐孢子虫死亡.     

二氧化氯预氧化对三氯乙醛前体物的去除与机制研究

以我国南方某水源水为研究对象,研究不同二氧化氯投加量下三氯乙醛(CH)前体物的去除情况,并对其去除机制进行分析.结果表明:当二氧化氯投加量为0.4 mg·L~(-1)时,CH生成势(CHFP)去除率最高,为14.3%,同时比CH生成势(SCHFP)亦有大幅削减,且二氧化氯预氧化对浊度和SUVA_(254)亦有较好的去除效果,但对COD_(Mn)去除效果不明显,DOC、UV_(254)则有小幅上升.二氧化氯去除CH前体物的机制是通过将含C=C双键和C=O双键的不饱和芳香性蛋白质类及微生物代谢产物类亲水性物质氧化降解或转化为其他非CH前体物的物质,从而使CH的生成量减少.     

Removal effect on Mesocyclops leukarti and mutagenicity with chlorine dioxide

Introduction The eutrophication of surface water is a worldwide problem, which is increasing in significance (Ma and Liu, 2002). Mesocyclops leukarti, a kind of Cyclops, is a waterborne animal that excessively propagates in eutrophic reservoirs and fresh …