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1.
M. M. Glennon P. Harris R. T. Ottesen R. P. Scanlon P. J. O’Connor 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(2):235-254
The Dublin SURGE (Soil Urban Geochemistry) Project is Dublin’s first baseline survey of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in topsoils and is part of a Europe-wide initiative to map urban geochemical baselines in ten cities. 1,058 samples were collected as part of a stratified random sampling programme in the greater Dublin area to give an overview of baseline conditions in the city. Samples were analysed for 31 inorganic elements including heavy metals. Analysis of results indicates that the concentrations of lead, copper, zinc and mercury are strongly influenced by human activities, with elevated concentrations in the city docklands, inner city and heavy industry areas. Sources of heavy metals in these areas may include historical industry, coal burning, re-use of contaminated soil, modern traffic and leaded paint and petrol. Concentrations of other inorganic elements in topsoil show patterns which are strongly related to regional bedrock parent material. The spatial distributions of heavy metals, in particular Pb and As, are explored in detail with respect to regional geology and the influence of historical industry on soil quality. Exploratory data, geostatistical and correlation analyses suggest that the concentrations of heavy metals tend to increase as the intensity of historical industrial activity increases. In particular, drinks production, power generation, oil/gas/coal, metals and textile historical industries appear to be the contamination source for several heavy metals. The data provide a geochemical baseline relevant to the protection of human health, compliance with environmental legislation, land use planning and urban regeneration. 相似文献
2.
A. H. M. Johnson G. C. Lalor J. Preston H. Robotham C. Thompson M. K. Vutchkov 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1996,18(3):113-121
A regional survey of Jamaican surface soils has been conducted in which more than 200 samples were collected at a sample density of 1 per 64 km2 across the island and analysed for total concentrations of 31 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The aim of the survey was to begin the construction of a high-precision geochemical database to provide information on elemental levels in soils for application to environmental studies, agriculture, and human and animal health. Results on the regional scale are presented for As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb. Although Jamaican surface soils are enriched in several heavy metals compared with world soil means and crustal abundances, lead is of particular importance at this stage because of its occurrence in residential areas. Except for Cu, the distribution maps of these elements are highly correlated with bauxite which in Jamaica is associated with white limestone geology and residualterra rossa soils. 相似文献
3.
Effect of weathering on abundance and release of potentially toxic elements in soils developed on Lower Cambrian black shales, P. R. China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper examines the geochemical features of 8 soil profiles developed on metalliferous black shales distributed in the
central parts of the South China black shale horizon. The concentrations of 21 trace elements and 8 major elements were determined
using ICP-MS and XRF, respectively, and weathering intensity (W) was calculated according to a new technique recently proposed in the literature. The data showed that the black shale soils
inherited a heterogeneous geochemical character from their parent materials. A partial least square regression model and EFbedrock (enrichment factor normalized to underlying bedrock) indicated that W was not a major control in the redistribution of trace metals. Barium, Sn, Cu, V, and U tended to be leached in the upper
soil horizons and trapped by Al and Fe oxides, whereas Sb, Cd, and Mo with negative EF values across the whole profiles may
have been leached out during the first stage of pedogenesis (mainly weathering of black shale). Compared with the Chinese
average soils, the soils were strongly enriched in the potentially toxic metals Mo, Cd, Sb, Sn, U, V, Cu, and Ba, among which
the 5 first listed were enriched to the highest degrees. Elevated concentrations of these toxic metals can have a long-term
negative effect on human health, in particular, the soils in mining areas dominated by strongly acidic conditions. As a whole,
the black shale soils have much in common with acid sulfate soils. Therefore, black shale soils together with acid sulfate
soils deserve more attention in the context of metal exposure and human health. 相似文献
4.
碳酸盐岩矿区河流沉积物中重金属的形态特征及潜在生态风险 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
黔西北土法炼锌及铅锌选矿厂对河流造成严重的重金属污染。河流沉积物中重金属的化学形态研究表明,同一采样点中不同重金属的形态分布和同一重金属在不同采样点中的形态分布均有较大差异。这可能与沉积物组分的不同亲和力,不同河段沉积物中粘土矿物、有机质、Fe Mn氧化物含量的不同以及人为活动(生活污水、选矿剂、矿渣等)的加入等有关,而碳酸盐岩地质背景的河床本身可能也有较大影响。潜在生态危害指数法研究表明,沉积物中重金属表现出强生态风险性,产生生态危害的主要重金属污染物是Pb,其后依次是Cd、Cu和Zn。 相似文献
5.
6.
Baolin LIU Ke HU Zhenglong JIANG Fengge QU Xin SU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(3):435-444
Two parallel sediment cores collected from tidal flat located in the Shuangtaizi River estuary were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations and chemical speciations. Based on the 137Cs activity profile, mean sedimentation rate at the sampling site during the past 50 years was estimated to be 1.3 cm·a-1. Correlation analyses show that almost all the metals are associated with each other, suggesting that these metals might be derived from same sources and/or affected by same geochemical processes. Influence of total organic carbon (TOC) content on the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd is evident. Silt and clay contents, instead of sand content, play an important role in the distribution of these metals. The dominant binding phases for most of the metals (except for Cd) are the residual. The relative decrease of the residual fraction of Cd and Pb in the upper 66 cm of the core is striking. The distribution of chemical fraction confirms that the residual fractions of these metals have a natural origin, while only the non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb increased upward the core due to pollution in the past five decades. Pollution assessment on these heavy metals based on Index of Geoaccumulation (I geo) also demonstrates that most of the metals are unpolluted. The weak pollution as observed in the sediments is perhaps related to a local plant, the Suaeda heteroptera Kitag, which may have played a significant role in the biodegradation of these metals and the metal distribution in the estuary. 相似文献
7.
K.R. Renjith V. Sudheesh Anu Shaji Ejin George Manju Mary Joseph C.S. Ratheesh Kumar 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(1):36-52
The spatial and temporal variations of some trace metals in the surface sediments of Cochin Estuary were analyzed along with their geochemical associations to identify the possible sources, bioavailability and the health risks posed by them. The dominance of kaolinite and suggested that clay minerals distribution is influenced by sediment sorting. Total metal analysis revealed enrichment for Cd, Pb and Zn due to anthropogenic activities. The speciation analysis established that notwithstanding the large availability, carbonate as well as organic and sulfides bound fractions showed negligible associations with most of the metals. Hydrous Fe–Mn oxides appeared to play a major role in controlling the fate and transport of these metals in the sediments of Cochin Estuary. Lower contribution of the residual fractions for Cd (21%–26%), Pb (<60%) and Zn (24%–42%) indicated an obvious increase of other geochemical fractions. Risk assessment analysis revealed that regardless of total concentration, none of the analyzed metals were at safe levels in the estuary as appreciable percentages were found to be associated with mobile geochemical forms. The speciation study conspicuously established that the metals originating from non-geogenic sources are largely associated with the labile fractions and hence are more detrimental to the aquatic biota. 相似文献
8.
Ameliorants to immobilize Cd in rice paddy soils contaminated by abandoned metal mines in Korea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yong Sik Ok Sung-Chul Kim Dong-Kuk Kim Jeffrey G. Skousen Jin-Soo Lee Young-Wook Cheong Su-Jung Kim Jae E. Yang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(1):23-32
The Yarlung Tsangbo (YT) is a large river running across southern Tibet and has significant effects on its lower reaches,
the Ganges–Brahmaputra Basin. In order to investigate the geochemical features of the YT, 18 surface sediment samples were
collected; ten trace element concentrations were measured for bulk sediments and two fine grain size fractions. Meanwhile,
basic physicochemical parameters and element concentrations of river water were also analyzed. Results indicated that the
river water was alkaline (pH 8.42) and that dissolved oxygen was mainly controlled by river water temperature. Some elements
(e.g., Zn and Ni) showed close negative relationship to mean grain size of the sediments. Concentrations of most heavy metals,
except As of the YT bulk sediments, were similar to those of Upper Crustal Concentration and its lower reaches, indicating
almost no anthropogenic impact. Arsenic of the YT sediments was derived fundamentally from the parent rocks of the YT Basin
and was far higher than that of its lower reaches. This indicates that relatively small amounts of As from the study area
were transported down to the Brahmaputra River under present, relatively dry climatic conditions. However, more YT sediments
might have been transported to its low reaches during the Holocene due to the wet climate, giving high As concentration in
Holocene sediments of the Ganges–Brahmaputra Basin. Thus, As transported by the YT may produce important influence on the
Ganges–Brahmaputra Basin and contribute to its high As concentration in groundwater. 相似文献
9.
福建省菜园土壤重金属的含量及其污染评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采集了福建省26个县市158份菜园表层土壤样品,测定了土壤样品中重金属含量,采用单项及综合污染指数法对土壤重金属污染进行评价分析,并通过元素相关性分析和聚类分析,研究了菜园土壤重金属元素的赋存特征与区域分布.结果表明,福建省菜园土壤存在着不同程度的重金属污染,主要污染元素为Pb,Hg和Cd;元素相关性分析与聚类分析的结果表明:Cu,Zn,Ni和As具有伴随污染的特点,其污染源主要来自土壤母质和大量施用的农药和化肥;Cd,Pb和Hg在土壤中各聚成一类,说明它们在菜园土壤具有较独特的污染源,特别是Cd和Hg,其污染特征明显.而Pb和Cd虽有各自的污染源,但其污染具有一定的相关性. 相似文献
10.
D. J. H. Phillips 《Marine Biology》1979,53(4):353-360
An urgent need for a sub-tropical and tropical indicator organism for use in the biological monitoring of pollutants is recognised. To this end, preliminary studies have been undertaken to test the indicator ability of the rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (=Crassostrea glomerata Gould) for monitoring the trace metals cadmium, copper, iron and zinc. A survey of these trace metals in rock oysters from 54 sites in Hong Kong waters revealed elevated levels of metals in several areas. Profiles of metal abundance in S. glomerata agreed substantially with the distribution of industrial and domestic discharges in Hong Kong, and also with patterns of contamination found in studies of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and of sediments. Application of POLYDIV statistical analysis to these data has aided their interpretation and confirmed the relationship between known areas of contamination and elevated metal levels in S. glomerata. This oyster, which exhibits an unusually great capacity to accumulate a range of elements from the ambient environment, thus appears to be a reliable indicator organism, and may be of great value in global monitoring studies. 相似文献
11.
Seven sediment samples from mangrove sediments of the Red Sea were taken in order to evaluate the possible contamination of the sediments by trace metals (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)). Sequential extraction techniques were performed to study the different geochemical forms of these metals. X-ray diffraction analysis has been performed to correlate the mineralogical composition with the geochemical forms of the studied elements. The results of Fe and Mn contents indicate that they are in large part from lithogenous origin. The elevated concentrations are associated with the residual form ranged from 70 to 93% for Fe and 46 to 70% for Mn. The percentage of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the non-residual form was much greater than that of the residual fractions. This reflects the high mobility and bioavailability of these metals in mangrove sediments of the Red Sea. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of silicate components including quartz, feldspars and clay minerals in some locality. Non-silicate components recorded in the study area as calcite as well as, Mg-calcite. Quantitatively both components i.e. silicate and carbonate varied according to their source material. 相似文献
12.
Seven sediment samples from mangrove sediments of the Red Sea were taken in order to evaluate the possible contamination of the sediments by trace metals (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)). Sequential extraction techniques were performed to study the different geochemical forms of these metals. X-ray diffraction analysis has been performed to correlate the mineralogical composition with the geochemical forms of the studied elements. The results of Fe and Mn contents indicate that they are in large part from lithogenous origin. The elevated concentrations are associated with the residual form ranged from 70 to 93% for Fe and 46 to 70% for Mn. The percentage of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the non-residual form was much greater than that of the residual fractions. This reflects the high mobility and bioavailability of these metals in mangrove sediments of the Red Sea. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of silicate components including quartz, feldspars and clay minerals in some locality. Non-silicate components recorded in the study area as calcite as well as, Mg-calcite. Quantitatively both components i.e. silicate and carbonate varied according to their source material. 相似文献
13.
Chelsea W. Neil M. Jason Todd Y. Jeffrey Yang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(6):2453-2464
Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) and aquifer recharge (AR) provide technical solutions to address water supply deficits and growing future water demands. Unfortunately, the mobilization of naturally present arsenic due to ASR/AR operations has undermined its application on a larger scale. Predicting arsenic mobility in the subsurface during ASR/AR is further complicated by site-specific factors, including the arsenic mobilization mechanisms, groundwater flow conditions, and multi-phase geochemical interactions. In order to ensure safe and sustainable ASR/AR operation, a better understanding of these factors is needed. The current study thus aims to better characterize and model arsenic remobilization at ASR/AR sites by compiling and analyzing available kinetic data on arsenic mobilization from arsenopyrite under different aqueous conditions. More robust and widely applicable rate laws are developed for geochemical conditions relevant to ASR/AR. Sensitivity analysis of these new rate laws gives further insight into the controlling geochemical factors for arsenic mobilization. When improved rate laws are incorporated as the inputs for reactive transport modeling, arsenic mobilization in ASR/AR operations can be predicted with an improved accuracy. The outcomes will be used to guide groundwater monitoring and specify ASR/AR operational parameters, including water pretreatment requirements prior to injection. 相似文献
14.
Certain criteria must be satisfied before a licence for the deposition of dredged material at sea in UK waters is issued.
These relate to the chemical quality of the material, the quantity to be disposed of, its nature and origin, and its predicted
impacts at the disposal site. Although chemical analyses of dredgings provide an indication of the relative degrees of contamination,
they do not provide a measure of any resultant biological effects. A laboratory experiment was therefore designed to investigate
the effects of the degree of contamination and the role of burial associated with the deposition of dredged material on the
meiofauna. Estuarine nematode assemblages were exposed to the simulated deposition of uncontaminated, oxic intertidal mud
and anoxic sediments from the Mersey and the Tees estuaries, both of which were contaminated with heavy metals. The sediments,
which differed little in terms of grain size, were deposited in two different frequencies. Nematodes showed a clear species-specific
response to the experimental treatments, depending on the frequency of deposition and the chemical quality of the deposited
material (e.g. metal and oxygen concentrations). The response of nematode assemblages was mainly determined by the deposition
frequency rather than the type of sediment or the degree of contamination. The deposition of sediment in one large dose at
the beginning of the experiment caused more severe changes in assemblage structure than the same quantity deposited in several
smaller doses. Although lower than in uncontaminated mud, relatively high migration and survival rates in the contaminated
high-frequency treatments were observed. This may have been due to reduced bioavailability of metals and the tolerance of
estuarine nematodes to both metal contamination and the deposition of small sediment volumes at regular intervals. The observed
trends demonstrate the potential of small-scale laboratory experiments for testing the quality of contaminated dredged material
at the licensing stage, i.e. prior to the issue of a disposal licence.
Received: 11 February 2000 / Accepted: 26 June 2000 相似文献
15.
Sri Lanka provides an ideal opportunity for the study of the effect of geology on human health. The vast majority of the people
of Sri Lanka still live in rural areas within areas termed geochemical provinces. Very broadly, one could say that a geochemical
province has characteristic chemical composition in soil, water stream sediments and rocks, enabling their delineation from
others. The chemical composition is presumed to be have an impact on the health of the inhabitants of the particular geochemical
province, particularly because of the fact that their food and water are obtained mostly from the terrain itself. This leads
to the concept of “diseases of geochemical origin”. Among these are dental fluorosis, iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) and
selenium-based diseases. The Dry Zone of Sri Lanka has several areas rich in groundwater fluoride, the ingestion of which
leads to dental fluorosis. Iodine deficiency diseases are more common in the Wet Zone, though their aetiologies are more complicated.
Interestingly, it has also been observed that significant proportions of the female population of Sri Lanka are selenium-deficient,
which could well be related to the geological environment. Chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in some areas of
the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, where there is a relationship of CRF with the mineral content of drinking water. This subject matter
falls under the auspices of Medical Geology, a scientific discipline still in its infancy, and much more concerted studies
are needed to attract the attention of medical research. 相似文献
16.
The knowledge about background levels of heavy metals in soils is essential for the use of the precautionary values for heavy metals as provided by the German Soil-Protection-Act. In the northeast of Bavaria the 90th percentiles in the back-ground levels of heavy metals in the soil exceed the precautionary values in many cases. Background levels were determined separately for soils of different parent materials of rocks, soil horizons and land use (agricultural or forest soils), with the parent material of rock having the strongest influence on the content of heavy metals in different soils. Precautionary values are highly exceeded by chrome and nickel in basic and ultrabasic rocks. High variability of heavy metal contents was found even in soils of the same parent material (C-horizons), which is due to the natural geochemical variability of rocks and the mixing of different parent materials during the Pleistocene. For an effective use of the German Soil-Protection-Order, areas must be defined where the probability is high that the 90th percentiles of the background levels of heavy metals exceed the precautionary values. It has to be determined, how the risk of mobilisation of heavy metals can be estimated within these areas and what has to be done if heavy metal contents in soils exceed not only the precautionary values but also the background levels. 相似文献
17.
Paola Di Leo Massimo Bavusi Giuseppe Corrado Maria Danese Tonia Giammatteo Dario Gioia Marcello Schiattarella 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(5):865-877
In the ancient territory of the Greek settlement of Metaponto and its Chora (Ionian sector of Basilicata, southern Italy) geomorphological mapping, GIS-supported statistics, and landform topographic features were investigated and combined to extract settlement rules and site dynamics. Analyses of environmental dynamics as well as of spatial and temporal settlement evolution were carried through an integrated approach that, starting from a detailed geomorphological analysis, tried to extract the spatial relationships between archaeological site locations and landform/landscape features. Spatial analysis was used to investigate the relationships between environmental parameters and archaeological sites. The advantages to develop a predictive model using Archeological Spatial Evaluation (ASE) analysis lay in the possibility to deeply study the relationships between man and the environment. In the present study, the analysis was carried out in a pioneering way in the ~400 km2 Metaponto territory in order to robustly validate - in the aftermath data - human and territorial dynamics. A model describing interactions between sites and parameters such as elevation, slope, aspect, landforms, land use, and distances from rivers was constructed. Sensibility maps were produced, which will help archaeologists to know how many and which are the parameters increasing the probability to find new archaeological sites as well as how the main geomorphological features of the study area, contextualized within the most likely paleoclimate scenario, affect ancient site arrangement though time. The preferential occupation of mid-altitude marine terraces, and the consequence spreading of agriculture on these territories, is likely due to the existence of well-developed soil profiles on them. Clearly colonists recognized that on these landform units there were the better conditions for the development of massive agricultural practices: since the SP age (4,1 to 2,0 Kyr B.P.) the settlers expands inland looking for most fertile territories as well as for areas sufficiently protected (being far away from the coast). The increase in farmhouses on the top of marine terraces from the FC up to EC-EE periods and the modifications of settlement distribution (gradual abandonment of alluvial) in the Metaponto area is likely related to the acceleration of alluvial processes. The progressive decrease of human occupation during the Hellenistic up to the Roman Age is clearly consequence of the Roman conquest. However, a role played by the increase in flooding occurrence in the coastal plain/floodplains of the main rivers in triggering the abandonment of these territories and marking the beginning of the decadent phases should not be neglected. Productive areas (locally associated to farmhouses) are preferential set along the fluvial incisions (sometime associated to farmhouses), thus implying that productive area setting is strongly linked to the presence of rivers, and of their lower rank tributaries, both as an intrinsic need of manufacturing and to facilitate the spreading of products. From the Classical to the Hellenistic Age until the Roman Age, Necropolis are spread in the entire area, from marine terraces to alluvial plain. On the other hand, Sacred areas - which appearance is recorded starting from the Colony Foundation Age - exhibits a settlement continuity in the study area starting from this time up to the entire Roman period, and the sacred areas setting is strictly associated to the category of Settlement. 相似文献
18.
The Mamut Copper Mine (MCM) located in Sabah (Malaysia) on Borneo Island was the only Cu–Au mine that operated in the country. During its operation (1975–1999), the mine produced 2.47 Mt of concentrate containing approximately 600,000 t of Cu, 45 t of Au and 294 t of Ag, and generated about 250 Mt of overburden and waste rocks and over 150 Mt of tailings, which were deposited at the 397 ha Lohan tailings storage facility, 15.8 km from the mine and 980 m lower in altitude. The MCM site presents challenges for environmental rehabilitation due to the presence of large volumes of sulphidic minerals wastes, the very high rainfall and the large volume of polluted mine pit water. This indicates that rehabilitation and treatment is costly, as for example, exceedingly large quantities of lime are needed for neutralisation of the acidic mine pit discharge. The MCM site has several unusual geochemical features on account of the concomitant occurrence of acid-forming sulphide porphyry rocks and alkaline serpentinite minerals, and unique biological features because of the very high plant diversity in its immediate surroundings. The site hence provides a valuable opportunity for researching natural acid neutralisation processes and mine rehabilitation in tropical areas. Today, the MCM site is surrounded by protected nature reserves (Kinabalu Park, a World Heritage Site, and Bukit Hampuan, a Class I Forest Reserve), and the environmental legacy prevents de-gazetting and inclusion in these protected area in the foreseeable future. This article presents a preliminary geochemical investigation of waste rocks, sediments, secondary precipitates, surface water chemistry and foliar elemental uptake in ferns, and discusses these results in light of their environmental significance for rehabilitation. 相似文献
19.
Mario Sprovieri Simone Sammartino Daniela Salvagio Manta Ennio Marsella Luciana Ferraro 《Chemistry and Ecology》2006,22(1):65-91
The results of a geochemical survey carried out on the southern Campania shelf (southern Italy) are illustrated, offering a tempting opportunity to discuss the statement and definition of regional geochemical backgrounds for selected heavy metals. A total of 104 top core sediments, collected on average 1.5 km from one another and covering a shelf area of about 1300 km2, were analysed for grain size, organic carbon content (OC), and heavy-metal (As, Al, Fe, Cd, V, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Hg, and Pb) concentrations. The characteristics of the area, scarcely influenced by industrial activities, and the extensive data set, make this study suitable for an appropriate multivariate and spatial geostatistical methodologies used for i) a reliable definition of large-scale marine sediments' geochemical backgrounds and ii) an accurate discrimination of different geological controls on trace-element distribution patterns. Enrichment factors estimated with respect to both the average shale composition and the weighted average metal concentrations measured in inland soils rule out significant anthropogenic inputs. A spatial-geostatistics approach (kriging of spatial component based on an accurate implementation of variographic surveying) was applied, and this is proposed as an appropriate quantitative methodology to define the geochemical backgrounds for the different heavy metals. Two nested spatial structures were identified for some of the heavy metals, thus allowing clear identification of local and regional geochemical controls related to the different spatial variability of grain size. 相似文献
20.
Sandra P. Gamiño-Gutiérrez C. Ivonne González-Pérez María E. Gonsebatt Marcos G. Monroy-Fernández 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(1):37-51
Environmental geochemical and health studies were carried out in urban areas of Villa de la Paz, S.L.P. (Mexico), where mining activities have been developed for more of 200 years, leading to the pollution of surface soil by arsenic and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn). The analysis of urban soils to determine total and bioaccessibility concentrations of As and Pb, demonstrated a combined contribution of the natural and anthropogenic concentrations in the site, at levels higher than the environmental guideline values that provoke a human health risk. Contour soil mapping confirmed that historical mine waste deposits without environmental control measures, are the main source of pollution soil by As and Pb in the site. Exposure (Pb in blood and As in urine) and effect (micronucleated exfoliated cells assay) biological monitoring were then carried out in the childhood population of the site and in a control site. The exposure biological monitoring demonstrated that at least 20–30 % of children presented Pb and As exposure values higher than the national and international maximum intervention values. The effect biomonitoring by MEC assay confirmed that there is a genotoxic damage in local childhood population that could be associated with the arsenic exposure in the site. 相似文献