Detection of polar organic substances relevant for drinking water

Testfilter systems help in the study of the persistence of organic compounds. Hence, they are remedial measures to control pollution of the environment. The filters used as biological fixed-bed reactors should enable the simulation of the biological degradation of organic compounds before they reach the waterworks. The German chemical industry has used filters based on activated carbon for more than 20 years in order to determine the microbial poorly degradable fraction of the dissolved organic carbon in the sewage effluents. The testfilter systems proved to work well on the basis of group and ‘sum’ parameters. The new challenge was to investigate whether the testfilter concept holds also for a diversification of drinking water relevant and non-relevant single compounds. Therefore, the first task was to develop analytical methods for classes of drinking water relevant compounds in the very complex matrix of waste water. Thereafter, these methods were applied for the detection of the selected compounds in the testfilter systems and their occurrence in the receiving waters. Methods of analysis were developed for the following classes of chemical compounds: aliphatic amines, aromatic sulfonates, halogenated carboxylic acids and organic phosphates. Furthermore the formation of yet unknown drinking water relevant compounds was studied. As a result it was concluded that the major reasons for the formation of these compounds are: (1) formation of by-products during various steps in the chemical synthesis; (2) chemical reactions in the influents of the treatment plants; and (3) metabolism in the waste water treatment plant. Experiments with compounds like 6-[methyl(phenylsulfonyl)amino]hexanoic acid (HPS) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) which are known from the literature to be well degradable, confirmed that the testfilters can be utilized for simulating the performance of the underground passage. On the other hand, persistent compounds, for which 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate is a characteristic representative, remained in the filter system without being degraded. As far as the testfilters are concerned it was concluded that the activated carbon retains its adsorption capacity to a certain extent even after a long time of operation. Because it is not possible to distinguish between microbial degradation and adsorption, it was necessary to develop a modified filter set-up for testing single substances. ©     

饮用水除氟技术及其机理

综述了近年来国内外饮用水除氟技术,如沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、电凝聚法、电渗析法、反渗透法等,同时讨论了各种除氟方法的机理及研究进展.     

Innovative reuse of drinking water sludge in geo-environmental applications

In recent years, the replacement of natural raw materials with new alternative materials, which acquire an economic, energetic and environmental value, has gained increasing importance. The considerable consumption of water has favoured the increase in the number of drinking water treatment plants and, consequently, the production of drinking water sludge. This paper proposes a protocol of analyses capable of evaluating chemical characteristics of drinking water sludge from surface water treatment plants. Thereby we are able to assess their possible beneficial use for geo-environmental applications, such as the construction of barrier layers for landfill and for the formation of “bio-soils”, when mixed with the stabilized organic fraction of municipal solid waste. This paper reports the results of a study aimed at evaluating the quality and environmental aspects of reconstructed soils (“bio-soil”), which are used in much greater quantities than the usual standard, for “massive” applications in environmental actions such as the final cover of landfills. The granulometric, chemical and physical analyses of the sludge and the leaching test on the stabilized organic fraction showed the suitability of the proposed materials for reuse.The study proved that the reuse of drinking water sludge for the construction of barrier layers and the formation of “bio-soils” reduces the consumption of natural materials, the demand for landfill volumes, and offers numerous technological advantages.     

饮用水深度处理技术进展

由于饮用水水源污染物的复杂性和常规净水工艺的局限性，饮用水的健康问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注。详细介绍了我国目前饮用水水源的污染现状及饮用水深度处理技术的进展情况，提出了我国饮用水污染问题的解决途径。     

饮用水中苯系物的检测方法研究概况

苯系物通常包括苯,甲苯,乙苯,邻、间、对二甲苯,异丙苯和苯乙烯等化合物,它们是重要的化工原料,可以通过各种途径污染饮用水进而严重威胁人类健康。通过对近十几年来国内饮用水中苯系物检测方法地综述及这些方法优缺点地比较,为进一步研究提供有益的参考,并对饮用水中苯系物检测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of drinking water treatment plant sludge-incorporated Portland cement

Kinetic analysis of thermally activated phase transformations in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) sludge suggests its applicability in the materials of construction. The suggested prediction has already been verified on the sludge-based bricks. The present study deals with incorporating the same sludge in the raw meal for the synthesis of Portland cement clinkers. For this purpose, two raw meals are prepared with varying sludge loadings. The sludge effect on reactivity of the crude mixture is evaluated on the basis of the free lime content sintered at various elevated temperatures. The results of chemical and mineralogical and scanning electron microscopic analyses reveal fine mineralogical contents of Portland clinkers calcined at 1450 and 1500 °C. Moreover, the cements prepared from these clinkers by the introduction of certain proportions of gypsum, depict significant durability. The obtained results elucidate that the studied DWTP sludge-incorporated Portland cement shows considerable potential to be commercialized.     

Experimental investigation of the feasibility of using drinking water treatment plant sludge in the improvement of sandy soils

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) is a waste industrial material from treatment processes used in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) that...     

Centrifugal dewatering of blended sludge from drinking water treatment plant and wastewater treatment plant

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The blended sludge taken from drinking water treatment plant (WTP) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for centrifugal dewatering was proposed....     

Rehabilitation of El Yahoudia dumping site, Tunisia

As in all developing countries, cities in Tunisia face serious problems of environmental pollution caused mainly by the inadequate and inefficient final disposal of their generated solid wastes. The Tunisian government launched a development program including the construction of landfills in the main cities and the closure of the contaminated sites issued from solid wastes landrising practice. The project of the Henchir El Yahoudia landfill restoration is the first experience in this programme. It has been suggested to convert the site to a green park and to implement an ornamental plant nursery. The whole surface of the landfill is approximately 100 ha from which 30 ha have been already transformed to an urban recreational area and the remaining 70 ha have to be characterized for the project extension. A field investigation by boring was conducted in order to define the geological and the hydrogeological conditions, the vertical and horizontal wastes layer extension, content and degree of decomposition and the composition and quantities of leachate and landfill gas. Representative samples of waste, soil, groundwater and leachate were collected for laboratory analyses. Several of these borings were converted to piezometers to define the flow regime in the site. The results showed that the biogas (CH4, H2S, and CO2), leachate and waste, distribution in the site is mainly affected by the temporal variation of the site operating method. The underlying fissured clay layer facilitated leachate infiltration into the groundwater where high BOD, COD and nitrogen concentrations were registered.     

Eco-efficient recycling of drinking water treatment sludge and glass waste: development of ceramic bricks

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Current management for drinking water treatment sludge and glass waste is insufficient, and a new method is needed. We sought to develop a new...     

Alum-based sludge (AbS) recycling for turbidity removal in drinking water treatment: an insight into statistical,technical, and health-related standpoints

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of recycling alum-based sludge (AbS) generated from drinking water treatment facility for turbidity removal. A response surface methodology (RSM)-based modeling and factor analysis were first implemented for assessing the optimal conditions of four independent factors, such as initial turbidity concentration, humic acid (HA) concentration, pH, and AbS dose on the water turbidity removal via the use of AbS as a coagulant agent. The optimum values of the four main variables were determined as initial turbidity concentration?=?59.65 NTU, pH?=?5.56, AbS dose?=?19.71 g/L, and HA concentration?=?12.28 mg/L, and at the optimum conditions, the percentage of turbidity removal was obtained as 94.81 (±?1.01)% for real water. At the optimum conditions of AbS usage as a coagulant for real water samples, monitoring of water quality parameters of the process indicated no health-related concerns in terms of hardness (all types), alkalinity, pH, residual aluminum, and even bacteriological (fecal and total coliforms) contamination. The results indicated a potential for AbS recycling in the treatment plant as a coagulant agent, although some requirements should be fulfilled before full-scale application.     

海水烟气脱硫系统排水水质试验研究

介绍了海水烟气脱硫技术在国内外的应用情况,探讨了海水烟气脱硫系统的基本原理及工艺流程,并以海水水质标准为参照通过试验方法研究了脱硫排水对海水本底浓度的影响。     

回用水用于湿法脱硫系统工艺水的水质要求

介绍了湿法脱硫系统中工艺水的用水情况及相应的水质要求,讨论了工艺水中一些主要的监测指标对脱硫系统运行的影响,并提出了工艺水水质的具体要求.根据脱硫工艺水系统的设计现状,提出了优化方案,可对电厂回用水的合理利用起到指导作用.     

马头电厂废水处理系统介绍

介绍了河北马头电厂废水处理工艺系统流程、设计及系统调试运行指标。处理后的电厂废水作为循环冷却水的补水,减少了新鲜水用量和污水排放量，对北方地区厂区废水回收利用具有借鉴意义，在火电厂废水资源利用方面有很好的应用前景。     

脱硫废水引入渣溢水系统的处理效果分析

介绍了脱硫废水引入渣溢水系统的综合处理效果,对处理后水质指标及影响因素进行了长期跟踪分析,结果表明：处理后各水质指标均符合废水回用或排放标准,脱硫废水引入渣溢水系统处理是可行的。     

超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲

以纳米TiO_2为催化剂,采用超声-紫外光协同催化体系降解水中菲,并考察了菲降解率的影响因素。实验结果表明:不同类型TiO_2对菲降解率的大小顺序为锐钛矿型TiO_2P25型TiO_2金红石型TiO_2;超声-紫外光协同催化体系对菲的降解率大于单独超声体系或紫外光催化体系,且均遵从一级反应动力学规律;在超声频率为60k Hz、声强为0.233 W/cm2、TiO_2投加量为0.06 g/L、pH为4.0、H_2O_2浓度为19.59 mmol/L的条件下降解75 min后,超声-紫外光协同催化体系对初始质量浓度为0.96 mg/L的菲的降解率可达76.78%。     

石横一期烟囱冲洗水及排液系统改造

介绍了石横电厂一期烟气脱硫技改项目中烟囱及入口烟道排液系统改造情况,论述了烟囱及烟道排液系统改造要点、运行方式,提出了烟囱排液系统的改造方案。     

嘉兴电厂二期工程的节水优化设计

介绍了嘉兴发电厂二期工程设计中采用的节水优化措施.经过优化后的实际淡水取水量仅为0.11 m3/s,低于《火力发电厂设计技术规程》要求的0.12 m3/s指标,且系统运行正常.     

脱硫系统GGH吹灰器高压水喷嘴改进

GGH堵塞是脱硫系统运行常见问题之一,介绍了通过扩大吹灰器高压水喷嘴口径,增加喷嘴射流流量,提高对脱硫系统GGH清洗效果的途径,并实现脱硫系统不开烟气旁路挡板进行GGH波纹板高压清洗的目的。     

聚天门冬氨酸在电厂循环水中的应用研究

根据电厂循环水的特点,开发出的阻垢缓蚀剂以聚天门冬氨酸为主剂,复配膦羧酸以及多元分散剂等.以地下水为试验用水,进行旋转挂片腐蚀试验、静态阻垢试验、动态模拟试验,评价药剂应用的可行性.