Analysis of noise pollution in an andesite quarry with the use of simulation studies and evaluation indices

This paper presents the verification of two partial indices proposed for the evaluation of continuous and impulse noise pollution in quarries. These indices, together with the sound power of machines index and the noise hazard index at the workstation, are components of the global index of assessment of noise hazard in the working environment of a quarry. This paper shows the results of acoustic tests carried out in an andesite quarry. Noise generated by machines and from performed blasting works was investigated. On the basis of acoustic measurements carried out in real conditions, the sound power levels of machines and the phenomenon of explosion were determined and, based on the results, three-dimensional models of acoustic noise propagation in the quarry were developed. To assess the degree of noise pollution in the area of the quarry, the continuous and impulse noise indices were used.     

Location of noise sources in fluid power machines.

This paper discusses noise generation mechanisms and techniques for noise reduction in fluid power units. Major noise sources in fluid power units can be identified with a sound intensity method. It has been proved that components of power units with larger sound radiating surfaces such as an electric motor and an oil reservoir produce a major part of global noise radiation.     

Noise variability in underground room and pillar coal mines

Noise in an underground coal mine has dominant components generated mainly from 3 sources: (a) continuous mining machines, (b) roof bolters, and (c) cars/vehicles used to transport personnel and/or coal. Each of these 3 noise sources also has a number of well-defined sub-sources with their own noise characteristics. Sound level meters were used to collect noise data in the form of instantaneous readings and also to check calibration of other sound measuring instruments. The most useful information was obtained from a spectrum analysis of continuous digital recordings of noise over time. This paper discusses the variability or dynamics of generated noise in both frequency and time domains in relation to several independent variables related to coal extraction and transportation processes.     

空分站大型空压机组的噪声治理

介绍了洛阳分公司空压车间空分站大型空压机组的噪声治理,采用局部敞开式隔声罩隔音降噪,选用合适的吸声材料,效果明显.     

On Evaluation and Localization of Auditory Warning Devices for Adequate Audibility

This paper presents an analytic procedure to assist safety practitioners in evaluating the audibility of an existing auditory warning system in their workplaces. Two alarm location models are described: (a) a model with an unknown signal sound level, and (b) a model with a known signal sound level. A heuristic algorithm to determine a minimum number of alarm devices and their locations so that the warning signals can be clearly heard by workers is also proposed. The algorithm considers the ambient noise level, noise levels generated by individual machines, locations where workers are likely to be present, and noise levels at worker locations. From the numerical examples and the computation experiment, both the optimization and heuristic approaches yield solutions that satisfy the 15-dBA constraints. The heuristic approach is efficient in solving large alarm location problems due its capability to find near-optimal solutions within reasonable computation time.     

Noise generated by multiple-jet nozzles with conical profiles 287

Conical multiple-jet nozzles, which reduce the risk of nozzle openings being blocked, are tested for their effectiveness in noise reduction. Nozzles with different exit spacings are tested. It is found that the multiple-jet design significantly decreases noise levels in the audible range by shifting emitted sound power to higher and ultrasonic frequencies. No significant difference in noise characteristics between exits distributed on a flat plane and beveled exits on a conical surface is observed. When the exits are more densely distributed, there is a trend of spectra shifting back toward the low frequency. This phenomenon is found to increase sound levels in a certain range of frequencies much lower than the peak one. Although this increase contributes little to the total emitted sound power, it is an important factor in determining the sound levels of audible noise.     

特大型双曲线自然通风冷却塔噪声治理设计及效果

火力发电厂闭式循环冷却水系统多数是采用钢筋混凝土结构自然通风冷却塔,其噪声污染治理是一个难题.本文以上海吴泾电厂八期1#、2#机组所用特大型双曲线自然通风冷却塔为例,介绍其噪声特性、控制措施及治理效果,可供同类冷却塔噪声控制参考.     

高海拔矿井风机气动噪声数值模拟及实验研究

为研究高海拔矿井风机气动噪声规律,建立小型轴流风机三维物理模型,利用CFD软件对环境气压分别为1,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6及0.5 atm时的风机模型进行定常模拟、非定常模拟及噪声计算,并通过自主设计的压变实验装置对上述不同环境气压条件下风机转数分别为500,1 000,1 500和2 000 rpm时的风机噪声进行测试,分析风机叶片附近监测点噪声频谱曲线及压变环境风机噪声实验数据,结果表明:风机转数和环境气压是影响风机气动噪声的2个重要因素;环境气压P一定时,风机转数n越大,各频率下的风机气动噪声声压级SPL越大,且风机噪声总声压级Lp和平均声压级Lavg均随风机转数n的增大呈对数函数增加;风机转数n不变时,随着海拔高度的升高,环境气压P降低,各频段下风机气动噪声声压级SPL均将减小,且风机噪声总声压级Lp和平均声压级Lavg随环境气压值P的降低呈线性函数减小,环境气压每降低0.1 atm,二者分别降低1.47和1.29 dB。     

A study in hospital noise - a case from Taiwan.

Hospitals are places that allow patients to rest and recover, and therefore must be quiet inside and in the surrounding neighborhood. One medical center was chosen as a sample hospital. This hospital was a tertiary care center during the 2003 outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan. The measurement results show that the noise level in the wards and stations was between 50.3 and 68.1 dB which exceeded the suggested hospital ward sound level. The quietest units were the Surgical Intensive Care Unit and recovery rooms with a noise level lower than 50 dB during the night. The higher noise levels were in the hall and pharmacy which were highly populated areas. This study analyzed the causes of this excessive noise and used noise reduction methods. The paired t test was performed and the results showed improvement methods were successful. This study found the noise levels reached 98.5-107.5 dB in power generator rooms and air-conditioning facilities, and suggests employees use ear plugs.     

微穿孔板吸声结构设计参数研究进展

为推进健康城市防噪降噪工作,预防和减少噪声污染对人们健康产生的危害和不良影响,研究声学材料-微穿孔板吸声结构设计参数对降噪防噪的促进作用。首先,采用文献综述方法,以传统微穿孔板基本理论和基本特性为基础,根据国内外研究现状,按照改变板结构、微孔结构和空腔结构等设计参数进行分类;其次,分析不同改变方式对微穿孔板吸声性能的影响;最后,归纳总结可提升微穿孔板降噪功效的不同方法。研究结果表明:合理改变微穿孔板吸声结构设计参数是预防和改善噪声污染的有效方法,研究结果可为健康城市防噪降噪工作提供参考依据及理论支撑。     

过滤材料声学性能的实验研究*

为探讨纤维过滤材料的吸声效果,扩展吸声材料的选择范围,并为噪声粉尘一体化控制提供指导,通过实验分析不同等级一般通风用纤维层滤料的过滤性能和吸声性能,研究叠加方式及空腔设置等对滤料吸声性能的影响。研究结果表明:一定条件下,滤料的过滤效率越高吸声性能越好;单层滤料吸声效果较差,通过多层叠加,可显著提升吸声效果,达到吸声材料水平;不同等级滤料组合叠加,按过滤效率降序排列整体吸声性能更好。滤料作为吸声材料应用时,在其后侧设置空腔可明显增强吸声效果;兼顾过滤和降噪时,考虑粗效对中效滤料的保护作用,可在粗效加中效滤料后再附加粗效滤料,达到在不显著增加阻力的同时改善吸声性能的目标。     

冷却塔的噪声特性与控制

以某小区冷却塔的噪声治理为例,通过对其噪声数据的测量,详细分析了冷却塔噪声的主要来源和特性,并从消声、吸声、隔声等方面阐述了一种实用的控制措施。结果表明,此方案不仅降噪效果明显,而且能够完全满足设备所需通风量和温度的要求,在工程实际过程中取得了良好的降噪效果。     

水源热泵的噪声特性与控制研究

近年来,水源热泵机组由于其具有明显的优势在居民楼供热方面应用越来越广泛,但同时也带来了严重的噪声扰民问题。本文以某住宅小区水源热泵机组的噪声治理为例,通过对现场测量数据的处理,着重分析了水源热泵机组的噪声特性。通过对现场检测分析了噪声声源以及噪声传播路径,进而详细阐述了从吸声和隔声两个方面阻断声音传播以及安装阻尼隔振器隔断振动传播路径进行噪声治理的方案,结果证明,此方案是一套有效的控制措施,降噪效果明显,能完全满足国家技术标准的要求。     

基于层次分析法的电力企业员工安全素质测评指标体系研究

通过对安全素质概念的研究,结合电力企业实际,确立了电力企业员工安全素质测评指标体系,包括:4个一级指标、11个二级指标和47个三级指标,并运用层次分析法建立了层次结构模型,确定相关因子的影响力排序。其结果显示:安全能力是电力企业员工安全素质的首要因素,其次是安全知识,而安全生理素质和安全心理素质列为最后;该排序基本反映了目前电力企业员工安全素质的实际情况,为控制和减少人为事故的发生提供了依据。     

某大型机加车间数控机床减噪工程测试与分析研究

为研究大型机加车间噪声减噪工程现状效果和特点,选取某大型机加车间数控机床为研究对象,对其进行减噪工程治理,现场实测了治理前和治理后的噪声数据,并对噪声测量结果进行分析。研究结果表明:数控机床操作人员8 h连续等效A声级从治理前的89.2 dB(A),降到治理后的74.3 dB(A),降低了16.7%.;数控机床操作岗位位置测点,在加工1个机件的测量时间段里,噪声值从治理前的85.9 dB(A),降到治理后的55.1 dB(A),降低了33.85%;对机加车间现场布置了67个测点,在加工1个机件的测量时间段里进行测量,得到该车间噪声治理前和治理后噪声分布图;对数控机床减噪工程治理前和治理后的频谱进行了分析,得出治理前和治理后各自的最大声级所在频段不随距离的改变而改变,高频减噪效果显著。     

马钢第二烧结厂3号烧结机风机房噪声污染分析与对策

马钢二烧结厂对3号烧结机风机房噪声采取了隔声、消声等措施,有效地降低了噪声污染,使总声压级从97dB降至55dB,保护了职工的身体健康.     

职业噪声暴露测量方法探讨

噪声暴露是声压级与作用时间的综合结果。出于对听力保护的目的,积极推行声暴露的测量方法十分必要。本文通过对等效连续A计权声级、噪声暴露量、噪声剂量的测量和换算提出了对现行标准的理解和应用。     

城际铁路环境影响评价中道路交通噪声现状评价与预测

在统计某县公路类型、规模的基础上,选择代表性区段测试高速公路、国道、省道、县道、乡道、村道交通噪声影响状况,计算了达到不同声环境功能区的控制距离要求.研究结果表明,该县境内平均道路交通噪声水平昼间、夜间均可满足《声环境质量标准》(GB 3096-2008)中4a类声环境功能区标准要求.现状条件下若要达到1类声环境功能区...     

模式预测法应用于铁路噪声的预测研究

伴随新建铁路、既有线增建二线、电气化改造等项目的大规模建设,围绕铁路建设、运营由来已久的铁路噪声污染和扰民的问题却更为突出。根据铁路噪声的传播特性,合理地选取了一种噪声预测方法,即模式预测法作为铁路噪声预测方法,并重点介绍了噪声模式法的理论依据、计算公式和边界条件。以我国中西部地区具有代表性的铁路干线之一作为研究对象,分析讨论由于工程规模、线路质量、列车速度、运输组织的变化,引起的铁路噪声对沿线声环境的影响,定量给出了典型区段距铁路外轨中心线30m、60m、120m处的昼夜间等效连续声级值。通过对噪声贡献值与声环境适应性分析,定性描述铁路噪声对周边环境产生的影响,研究成果为进一步有效控制铁路噪声污染、合理划分工程沿线土地利用功能提供有力依据。     

坨一站稳定压缩机泵房噪声治理

根据油气集输泵站稳定压缩机泵房噪声污染的现状，提出了采用空间吸声体降低噪声和采用田声降低噪声的技术方案，分析了实施后的效果和推广应用前景。