紫萍干体对镉离子的生物吸附

研究不同的吸附时间、pH值、紫萍干体量以及Cd2+初始浓度下紫萍干体对Cd2+的吸附特性。结果表明,紫萍干体吸附Cd2+是一个快速的过程,前5min的吸附量达到最大吸附量的59.6%,30min达到吸附平衡;pH值对紫萍干体吸附Cd2+有显著的影响,最适pH值为7.0;随着干体量的增加,吸附率逐渐提高而吸附量则降低;随着Cd2+初始浓度的增加,吸附率逐渐降低而吸附量则提高。紫萍干体对Cd2+的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlish吸附等温线方程,最大吸附容量达52.6mg/g。     

毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)对水中铬的去除特性研究

以毛木耳子实体(Auricularia polytricha)为生物吸附材料,通过批量实验研究起始pH值、反应时间、生物量、Cr浓度等因素对毛木耳子实体吸附去除水中铬的影响及吸附特性。结果表明:铬的生物吸附过程明显受溶液pH影响,其中总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳去除pH分别为2.0和1.0;48 h后生物吸附达到平衡,生物吸附剂的最佳浓度为4 g/L;A.polytricha对Cr的最大吸附容量为113.8 mg/g;在整个吸附过程中伴随着Cr(Ⅵ)转化为Cr(Ⅲ)。生物吸附剂的X射线光电能谱显示:吸附在生物吸附剂表层的Cr大都呈+3价。在等温实验中Freundlich模型能较好地模拟毛木耳子实体对Cr的等温吸附过程,同时准二级模型很好地拟合了生物吸附Cr的过程。毛木耳(A.polytricha)子实体在去除水体中的Cr方面具有很强的潜力。     

柚子皮吸附水溶液中亚甲基蓝的机理研究

为研究柚子皮吸附水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能和吸附机理,试验考察了不同条件（如pH,生物材料粒径,染料浓度,吸附时间和温度等）对其吸附效果的影响. 结果显示:染料溶液在弱酸或碱性条件下有利于亚甲基蓝被该生物材料吸附;其粒径对吸附效果影响不大;在30 ℃的条件下,对亚甲基蓝的吸附在1 h左右达到平衡且符合二级动力学方程;在30 ℃及pH为8时的最大吸附量为169.49 mg/g,符合Langmuir方程;该吸附过程为放热反应,最大吸附量随温度的升高而减少. 表明柚子皮吸附亚甲基蓝的过程是以物理吸附为主,可作为染料废水处理材料.      

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr（Ⅲ）

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr(Ⅲ)

Loofa sponge (LS) immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana (LSIBCS), isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr(Ⅲ) by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana (FBCS) from 10-300 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr(Ⅲ) ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr(Ⅲ) biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS,respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr(Ⅲ) could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order: EDTA ＞ H2SO4 ＞ CH3COOH ＞ HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr(Ⅲ) binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from wastewater.     

新型生物吸附剂去除水中六价铬的研究

以Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．Ｇｘ４－１发酵培养得到的细菌胞外聚合物作吸附剂，研究其对水中重金属Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）的吸附，吸附剂对Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）吸附的最佳ｐＨ初值为０．５～２．０。Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）的吸附分三个阶段：５ｍｉｎ达７５％的快速吸附阶段；１０～４０ｍｉｎ达表现一级反应动力学吸附阶段；５０ｍｉｎ以的趋于平衡，吸附过程符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温方程。     

毛木耳对Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)生物吸附的动力学和吸附平衡研究

以毛木耳(Auriculariapol ytricha)子实体为生物吸附材料,研究起始pH值、反应时间、重金属浓度这3个因素对毛木耳子实体吸附Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的影响及其吸附特性.结果表明,pH是影响毛木耳子实体吸附重金属离子的主要因素,最适起始pH值为5;在10mg·L-1重金属浓度下,毛木耳子实体对Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的最大吸附率分别为94.12%、96.22%、99.94%、99.19%;准二阶动力学模型比准一阶动力学模型能更好地描述毛木耳子实体对4种重金属的吸附过程;Langmuir等温模型能较好地拟合毛木耳子实体对4种重金属的等温吸附过程;毛木耳子实体对Cd2+、Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的最大吸附量分别为10.09、8.36、23.57和3.64mg.g-1;毛木耳子实体吸附Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+的化学反应机理可能为离子交换反应.     

质子化焦化污泥作为生物吸附剂对水溶液中活性红4的吸附性能

以焦化厂污水处理车间的剩余污泥为材料,经过质子化处理制备生物吸附剂,进行了吸附活性红4(RR4)的研究. 考察了吸附平衡时间,溶液pH,染料质量浓度,NaCl浓度等因素对RR4吸附的影响. 结果表明:生物吸附剂对RR4的吸附所需平衡时间为48 h;溶液的pH对吸附过程有较大影响,酸性条件利于吸附,碱性条件下发生解吸附(解吸附率大于70%);吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程, pH=1的条件下最大吸附量为(72.33±5.59) mg/g;ρ(RR4)为100 mg/L时,NaCl浓度对RR4的吸附不产生可见影响,ρ(RR4)为500 mg/L时,NaCl的存在对吸附有阻碍作用.      

阿维菌素发酵废菌丝体对Cu~(2+)吸附机制的研究

文章对阿维菌素发酵的废菌丝体对Cu2+进行吸附的机制进行了研究。结果表明,吸附过程可分为快速吸附和缓慢吸附至平衡两个阶段,第一阶段为被动吸附,5min接近平衡,第二阶段菌丝单位吸附量增加缓慢,反应时间相对较长。吸附过程能很好的用准二级动力学方程描述,相关系数达0.9998。采用Langmuir方程与Freudlich方程对数据拟合,Langmuir方程比Freudlich方程更好的描述对Cu2+吸附平衡行为,表现为单分子层吸附。在pH5.0下的相关系数为0.9771,得到的最大吸附量可达28.82mg/g。通过对吸附前后的红外光谱研究表明,本吸附质含有羟基(-OH)、氨基(-NH)2、酰胺基(-CONH)2、亚甲基(-CH2-)等基团。羟基、氨基、亚甲基吸收峰发生较大变化,推测其与金属离子发生了反应,酰胺基峰形变化较小,参与反应的基团较少。     

海洋赤潮生物原甲藻对重金属的富集机理

为了探讨海洋赤潮生物原甲藻及其藻壁多糖的重金属富集机理,用赤潮生物海洋原甲藻Prorocentrum micans活藻体和甲醛杀死的藻体分别进行重金属离子Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ag⁺、Cd²⁺的生物吸附实验.重金属生物吸附动力学研究表明,吸附过程可在30min内完成,pH对吸附的影响较大,适宜范围是5.0以上.用热水法提取的藻体多糖对上述6种离子的混合液吸附量约为藻体的5倍,比较藻体与多糖对6种离子的吸附结果可知,藻体对金属离子的吸附主要是藻壁多糖的作用,红外研究表明,-OH和-CONH₂基是吸附的活性中心.机理研究对于利用赤潮生物进行重金属废水处理、赤潮的化学治理以及研究海水中重金属离子的迁移转化规律有重要的意义.     

Immobilization study of biosorption of heavy metal ions onto activated sludge

Activated sludge was immobilized into Ca-alginate beads via entrapment, and biosorption of three heavy metal ions, copper(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and chromimum(Ⅱ), from aqueous solution in the concentration range of 10-100 mg/L was studied by using both entrapped activated sludge and inactivated free biomass at pH≤5. A biphasic metal adsorption pattern was observed in all immobilized biomass experiments. The biosorption of metal ions by the biosorbents increased with the initial concentration increased in the medium. The adsorption rate of immobilized pre-treated activated sludge(PAS) was much lower than that of free PAS due to the increase in mass transfer resistance resulting from the polymeric matrix. Biosorption equilibrium of beads was established in about 20 h and the adsorbed heavy metal ions did not change further with time. No significant effect of temperature was observed in the test for free biomass while immobilized PAS appeared to be strong temperature dependent in the test range of 10 and 40℃.Besides, the content of activated sludge in the calcium alginate bead has an influence on the uptake of heavy metals. The sorption equilibrium was well modeled by Langmuir isotherm, implying monomolecular adsorption mechanism. Carboxyl group in cell wall played an important role in surface adsorption of heavy metal ions on PAS.     

生物吸附剂ZL5-2对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机理

为测定环境样品中氯菊酯农药残留,用活泼酯法将氯菊酯半抗原(Py)与卵白蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备合成抗原Py-OVA作包被原,建立间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法.方阵滴定确定了抗血清最佳稀释度(1∶2 500),包被抗原的最适工作浓度0.45μg/mL,并建立了标准工作曲线.工作曲线表明在10～800μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,回收率>97%.     

Sphaerotilus natans对Zn~(2+)吸附的研究

以球衣菌作为生物吸附剂,研究了球衣菌对Zn2+吸附过程中的影响因素,包括吸附时间,pH,菌龄等。结果表明:Zn2+浓度为1.0mg/L,菌体浓度为0.5g/L,菌龄32h,pH7.0,吸附时间30min时,吸附的效果最好,吸附率达到77.2%,吸附量为3.86mg/g。吸附作用是一个快速的过程,30min就基本达到平衡。     

Biosorption of Cu(II) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp. F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp. (named MBFF19) with respect to pH, incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ), and biosorbent dose was studied. Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent. The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8. Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.90 turned out that the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) on MBFF19 was in accordance with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo-first and second order models were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption, whereas the latter was found to be in harmony with the kinetic data better. Because of the outstanding uptake capacity of Cu(Ⅱ), MBFF19 produced by Bacillus sp. was proved to be an excellent biosorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

废啤酒酵母泥吸附活性黑31的机理研究

探讨了废啤酒酵母泥吸附水中活性黑31的平衡、动力学规律,利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析了废啤酒酵母泥及活性黑31的吸附官能团间的相互作用.结果表明,废啤酒酵母泥对活性黑31的吸附容易进行;20min前吸附速度都较快,2h后吸附都达到平衡;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.废啤酒酵母泥对活性黑31的吸附等温曲线符合Freund...     

Ni2+生物吸附动力学及吸附平衡研究

研究了金属离子Ni²⁺在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附特性,内容包括生物吸附动力学和吸附等温线.生物吸附动力学结果表明,当Ni²⁺初始浓度为65.6 mg/L时,Ni²⁺在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附可以分为2个阶段,第1阶段为物理吸附,在10　min内快速达到平衡.Ni²⁺在酵母上的吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程来描述 （R²=0.999）,动力学参数k₂为0.018 4 g/(mg·min),q_e为5.96 　mg/g.吸附等温线结果表明,Ni²⁺在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich方程来描述,最大吸附量q_max为6.32 　mg/g.酿酒酵母可用于处理低浓度的含Ni²⁺废水.     

质子化剩余污泥作为生物吸附剂去除水溶液中活性红4的研究

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为材料,经过质子化处理制备成生物吸附剂,进行了吸附水溶液中活性红4(RR4)的研究.同时考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、染料浓度、盐的浓度等因素对RR4吸附的影响.生物吸附剂对RR4的吸附所需平衡时间短(约22h),酸性条件利于吸附,碱性条件下则会发生解吸附(解吸附率高于87%),吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模式,pH=1条件下生物吸附剂、活性碳、硅藻土对RR4的最大吸附量qm分别为35.66,20.48,1.82mg·g-1.RR4低浓度时盐对吸附不产生明显影响,当RR4高浓度时,盐对吸附有促进作用.研究结果表明,用质子化剩余污泥作生物吸附剂去除染料废水中RR4有实际应用的潜力,为剩余污泥的资源化提供了新途径.     

Biosorption of Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋ by raw and autoclaved Rocella phycopsis

The behavior of Cu2+ and Zn2+ biosorption onto raw and modified Roccella phycopsis from aqueous solutions was studied. Modification process was applied by autoclavation at 121°C for 30 min. The effcts of pH, initial metal concentration and biosorbent dosage were investigated. The maximum Cu2+ biosorption was achieved at pH 5.0 and the maximum biosorption capacities of 31.5 and 37.8 mg/g were recorded for raw and modified biosorbent, respectively. In the case of Zn2+ biosorption, maximum biosorption capacities were obtained at pH 4.0 as 29.1 and 35.3 mg/g for raw and modified biosorbent, respectively. Biosorption of Zn2+ and Cu2+ on all form of R. phycopsis increased much quickly with increasing initial metal concentrations from 10 to 100 mg/L. After modification process, probable changes in the surface polarity of raw and modified R. phycopsis were investigated by contact angle measurements. As expected, R. phycopsis has a polar surface and shows a highest contact angle with water, while after autoclavation water contact angle of R. phycopsis was significantly decreased from 47.5° to 34.4°.     

响应曲面法优化油茶饼对活性红15的生物吸附特征及机理

基于“以废治废”的理念,以农林业废弃物——油茶饼为原料制备生物吸附剂,吸附去除废水中的RR15(C.I. Reactive Red 15,活性红15)染料,并采用响应曲面法中的Box-Behnken设计对油茶饼生物吸附剂吸附RR15的条件进行优化. 结果表明:pH对油茶饼生物吸附剂吸附RR15的吸附容量和去除率均有显著影响(P<0.000 1);当pH为1.0、初始ρ(RR15)为300 mg/L、吸附温度为20 ℃时,油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附效果最佳. 相比于Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线模型,Temkin吸附等温线模型可以更好地描述油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附平衡数据. 吸附温度为20 ℃时,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型计算得到的Q0(吸附剂的单层饱和吸附量)为74.63 mg/g. 动力学分析显示,油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.999 7),支持了限速步骤是化学吸附的理论;内部扩散和边界层扩散都可能影响吸附速率. 热力学分析表明,该吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程. FTIR(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,傅里叶变换红外光谱)分析发现,油茶饼生物吸附剂上羟基、胺基等官能团可能是RR15染料的主要结合位点. 研究显示,油茶饼生物吸附剂是一种具有潜力的绿色吸附剂,可以有效去除废水中的RR15染料.      

水华蓝藻生物质对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学及吸附平衡研究

文章初步研究了水华蓝藻生物质对重金属离子Cu2+的吸附特性,包括生物吸附动力学和吸附等温线。生物吸附动力学结果表明,Cu2+的生物吸附可分为两个阶段,第一个阶段能较快地达到平衡,而之后的阶段进行缓慢。透析袋处理的蓝藻生物质在不同pH(3,4,5,6)的铜离子溶液条件下,吸附效率依次为62.4%,78.1%,71.2%,60.35%,吸附最大值为7.81 mg/g。水华蓝藻生物质对Cu2+的生物吸附平衡等温线可以用Freundlich模型精确拟合。水华蓝藻生物质在处理低浓度的含Cu2+废水方面有潜力。湖泊富营养化的优势在于产生低成本的、大量的、可收集的水华,这说明自然环境中的藻类资源如蓝藻水华生物质,可能作为商业中使用的生物吸附剂。