Willingness and behavior towards e-waste recycling for residents in Beijing city,China

This paper is to investigate the behavior of residents towards electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) recycling in Beijing. For this purpose a large sample questionnaire survey was performed to explore the residents’ characteristics of recycling behavior and preference of e-waste recycling pattern. Besides, the willingness of residents to participate in e-waste recycling was also assessed in our study. For this a logistic regression model was developed to estimate and explain residents’ willingness in e-waste recycling. The model showed that Convenience of recycling facilities and service, Residential conditions, Recycling habit and Economic benefits are four determinants of Beijing residents’ willingness and behavior in e-waste recycling. And centralized recycling pattern by professional recovery spots would have a broad prospect if various kinds of channels can be provided to make the residents feel more convenient in e-waste recycling.     

Consumer response to integrated pest management and certification

This study investigated consumer awareness of integrated pest management (IPM) and the effects of two marketing strategies. Specific objectives were to find whether eastern Massachusetts farmstand and farmers' market customers purchasing sweet corn care how their food is grown, whether they are aware of IPM, whether they would prefer to buy IPM-certified sweet corn and why, and whether the marketing methods presently available to IPM-certified growers can enhance awareness of IPM. In 1993, the Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture in collaboration with the IPM Program at the University of Massachusetts began a pilot IPM certification program for sweet corn and strawberries, designated ‘Partners with Nature’ (PWN). This study compared a ‘passive’ and ‘active’ PWN marketing strategy with a control that did not have any PWN publicity. The passive strategy was simply display of a PWN certificate and poster. The active strategy also included newspaper advertisements, clear labeling of corn as IPM-certified at the point of selection, a PWN sticker placed on bags of corn at payment, personally thanking customers for ‘buying our IPM-certified sweet corn’, and IPM brochures available to customers. Thirty purchasers of IPM-grown corn were interviewed at each of six farmstands and six farmers' markets.The dominant reason why customers patronize farmstands and farmers' markets was convenience. As found by other northeastern surveys, awareness of IPM was low: only 19% had heard of IPM before the survey, and only 38% of these could mention a specific method used in IPM. Although 45% of the respondents initially said that they did not care how their food is grown, 85% said that they would prefer to buy IPM-certified sweet corn after hearing a short definition. The definition gave only environmental benefits, but 74% of the customers preferring IPM-certified corn said they would buy it because it is safer or healthier. Most of the respondents claimed that they would be willing to pay 10% more for IPM-certified corn. Simply displaying an IPM poster had no significant results on consumer preference for IPM-grown produce, but active marketing significantly raised awareness of IPM and the PWN program.This study demonstrated the willingness of customers to support IPM because they believe it will have positive consequences for human health and environmental quality. It is concluded that sweet corn marketing based on IPM certification positively influenced consumer reactions to IPM; and a more extensive, diverse marketing strategy would enhance consumer awareness and support.     

Survey and analysis of public environmental awareness and performance in Ningbo, China: a case study on household electrical and electronic equipment

Based upon a survey on household electronic and electrical equipment, this paper provides information on the public's perception of the local environmental quality, environmental awareness and environmental performance, and of their willingness to pay for improving environmental quality and making green purchases. The results indicate that Ningbo residents are not satisfied with the local environmental quality, and they would like very much to share environmental responsibility. About 64% of the respondents are aware of Chinese environmental labeling. Nearly 70% and 80% of the respondents are willing to pay for environmental improvement and to purchase environmentally friendly products, respectively. The amount of household electrical and electronic equipment has increased dramatically and most of them are phased out within their product lifetimes. Of all the respondents, 61% chose to reuse and recycle waste electrical and electronic equipment.     

CVM中的抗议性响应:动机与影响——以胶州湾浒苔治理支付意愿为例

抗议性响应是意愿调查法应用中受访者表现出的典型策略性行为,可能导致对资源环境物品或服务的估值出现偏差。识别抗议性响应影响因素并降低其对支付意愿的影响,有助于提高CVM估值效度。以胶州湾海域居民浒苔治理支付意愿为例,以抗议性信念作为受访者抗议性响应的度量指标,筛选抗议性信念的驱动因素,量化各驱动因素对支付意愿的影响方向及程度。研究结果表明:（1）愿意支付的受访者仍然具有抗议性信念,且在个别测量题项中,其抗议性信念甚至高于拒绝支付群体。（2）环境关注、搭便车顾虑、暖光效应等变量均对受访者抗议性信念存在影响。（3）抗议性信念水平对受访者参与决策与支付意愿金额均存在显著负向影响,抗议性信念变量对参与和支付决策的影响方向与程度存在差异,进一步证明参与和支付决策是不同的机制。研究结论将对优化CVM问卷设计、规范操作流程、减少评估偏差具有指导意义。     

兰州市废旧手机产生量预测分析研究

手机普及率日益提高,随之产生的废弃量也日益增多,分别采用时间梯度模型、市场供给A模型、斯坦福(stanford)模型对兰州市2013年-2022年废旧手机的产生量进行了预测.结果显示,不同模型预测结果之间存在较大差异,市场供给A模型和斯坦福(Stanford)模型的预测结果比较接近,均大于时间梯度模型的预测结果,三种模型预测的兰州市2022年废旧手机的产生量分别为40.40万、46.67万和21.04万部.总体上看,兰州市废旧手机的产生量增长趋势较快.     

A strategic design approach to develop sustainable product service systems: examples taken from the ‘environmentally friendly innovation’ Italian prize

The product service systems’ (PSS) sustainability potential is described in the framework of the new types of stakeholder relationships and/or partnerships, producing new convergence of economic interests, and a potential concomitant systemic resources optimization.In this perspective, it is argued that the design competencies should move towards those of the ‘strategic design’, thus introducing the concept of ‘strategic design for sustainability’: the design of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing (and selling) physical products only, to designing (and selling) a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands, while re-orienting current unsustainable trends in production and consumption practices.Some examples of PSS are presented and discussed using the PSS categories ‘services providing added value to the product life cycle’, ‘services providing final results to customers’, and ‘services providing enabling platforms for customers’. The cases derive from an analysis of the ‘environmental friendly innovation’ yearly endowed prize submissions. The Politecnico di Milano University together with the Bocconi University and Legambiente (an environmental NGO) promotes the initiative in Italy.     

建筑废弃物的回收原理与方法研究

由于社会和经济因素的要求,当今的建筑生命周期要最大程度地完成圆形的循环过程,即重新使用拆建物料制造新产品。循环经济的大背景下,承建商通过坚实的理论基础,采用分层次的方法来进行建筑废弃物的管理。文中总结了两种方法的优点和缺点,进行了混合回收与源头分离两种方法的比较研究。最值得注意的是两个不同的意向方案：绿色星球计划和ICC—ESSAVE^TM方案。突出的可持续认证和设计方案及绿色星球计划侧重的能源效率模型时常被繁重调试系统的LEED所青睐。一旦被国际编码理事会所批准,这些文件可以在LEED的评分系统下或绿色星球计划中,帮助其寻找资格评分。文章最后分析了建筑废弃物的回收流程,并得出结论：高达95％的建筑和拆迁建筑废弃物都可以回收;回收相比垃圾填埋更节省资金;源头分离较混合回收需要更多的管理和劳动力,但能获得更大的经济利益;承建商应该组织和管理现场的回收工作。     

农业生产废弃物循环利用绩效测度的实证研究 ——基于三阶段DEA模型的农户基质化管理

针对农户的农业生产废弃物基质化循环利用行为进行实地调研,利用三阶段DEA模型,剔除外部环境因素和统计噪声的影响,测度农户农业生产废弃物循环利用行为的绩效,并对各决策单元的技术效率进行分解,分析农户循环利用效率较低的主因.结果表明:规模效率较低是导致当前农业生产废弃物循环利用效率较低的主要原因.具体来看,剔除外部环境因素和统计噪声的影响后,农户对农业生产废弃物的循环利用行为的综合效率均值仅为0.4089,存在59.11%的可改进空间,纯技术效率均值高达0.9701,表现良好,规模效率均值仅为0.4215,成为导致农户循环利用行为效率较低的主因.投入量调整前后样本农户农业生产废弃物循环利用绩效存在明显差异,环境变量和随机因素对样本农户的行为绩效具有重要影响.在农业生产废弃物循环利用过程中,环境变量的变化与投入松弛之间存在紧密的关联性.根据上述结论,提出了改善农业生产废弃物循环利用过程的环境变量、适度增加投入要素,以抑制投入变量松弛,提高农户对农业生产废弃物循环利用绩效的对策建议.     

废纸回收行业的困境与出路

废纸回收企业的竞争和国家再生资源税收政策的实施，对我国废纸回收行业影响很大,分析了产业环境的变化对废纸行业的影响，以及废纸回收行业面临的困境,被提出废纸回收行业走出困境的做法和建设。     

日中构建办公设备废塑料的跨境循环

介绍了日本理光公司生产的办公设备废塑料的原料再生利用,及其在中国跨境循环利用的背景程和流程,指出将国内处理完结型局部再生利用系统和国际循环完结型全面再生利用系统融合驱动是促进资源环境可持续性发展的有效途径。     

Comparing the implementation of concrete recycling in the Australian and Japanese construction industries

Environmental problems have been considered to be serious in the construction industry. Waste management pressures are pressing very hard with alarming industrial warming signals. Among the different types of construction and demolition wastes, concrete is about 81 percent of the volume of construction and demolition waste in Australia. To minimize the concrete waste generated from construction activities, recycling of concrete waste is one of the best methods to improve the environment. However, situations of concrete recycling in different countries vary considerably. Japan is a leading country in recycling concrete waste, with 100 percent recycling of the wastes that are used for new structural applications. This paper investigates the current concrete recycling situations in Australian and Japanese construction industries. A questionnaire survey and structured interviews were conducted. In comparing the current concrete recycling situations between Australia and Japan, it should be noted that major difficulties found from Australian and Japanese construction industries are on different phases of the transition to recycling of construction wastes. Therefore, it is suggested that the Australian construction industry should be: i) developing a unified policy in concrete recycling; ii) providing financial governmental support; iii) developing clear technical specifications or standards on the use of recycled aggregate for structural applications.     

中国电子垃圾回收企业的环保意识及行为的影响因素分析研究——以浙江为例

为了探索电子废弃物回收处理企业的环保意识及行为的影响因素,首先基于国内外研究学者的研究结果并结合中国电子废弃物回收处理企业的实践情况,提出一个假设结构框架。其次以浙江省为例,通过问卷调查法,将企业环保行为作为被解释变量,企业能力、管理者环境态度、消费者环境意识和企业经济效益作为解释变量,构建logistic回归模型,从而系统的揭示了企业进行环保处理的影响因素,研究结果表明:企业管理者环境态度对企业行为是否环保具有最重要的影响;企业经济效益对企业环保行为具有显著的正向作用;企业自身能力对企业环保行为具有一定程度的影响。最后,根据研究所得结果,提出了相应的促进企业进行环保处理的措施。     

Increasing land pressure in East Africa: The changing role of cassava and consequences for sustainability of farming systems

Increasing land pressure during the past three to four decades has transformed farming systems in the mid-altitude zone of East Africa. Traditional millet-, cotton-, sugarcane- and/or banana-based farming systems with an important fallow and/or grazing component have evolved into continuously cultivated cassava or cassava/maize-based systems. Within three to four decades, cassava cultivation increased from 1–11 to 16–55% of cropped fields in our six study sites. Declining soil fertility, and not labour or food shortage, was apparently the primary trigger for this transformation. The land use changes have increased nutrient offtakes and reduced nutrient recycling rates. Cassava and maize now account for 50–90% of nutrient removal. Whereas single-season fallows were the most important source of nutrient recycling on cropped fields in the past, currently cassava litterfall and maize stover contribute roughly 70% of nutrient recycling, with 50–70% of N, P and K recycled in cassava litterfall. This may explain why many farmers reason that cassava ‘rests’ the soil. With increasing land use pressure farmers progressively use cassava as an ‘imitation fallow’ throughout their farm. Farmers increasingly target cassava to poor fertility fields characterized by low pH and available P. High cassava intensities are nonetheless maintained on more fertile fields, probably to guarantee regeneration of soil fertility on all fields. Once cassava is targeted to poor fertility soils, farmers have run out of low-input management options and need to intensify management to maintain system productivity. As cassava is now used by more farmers and on a larger acreage than fallowing in the studied farming systems, cassava cropping could perhaps serve as an excellent entry point to strengthen system sustainability.     

电子废弃物资源循环体系构建研究

随着人们淘汰的电子废弃物日益增多,电子废弃物对环境的污染越来越严重,电子废弃物虽然含有大量危险有害化学物质,但其中的稀贵金属却具有很好的回收利用价值,文章通过电子废弃物资源循环体系研究,提出了建立电子废弃物法律法规体系、政府职能体系、资源回收体系、绿色行为体系的新思路,解决了电子废弃物资源循环利用过程中存在的法律漏洞问题、政府监督和管理缺位问题、电子废弃物回收路径不畅通问题和人们绿色消费意识不强等问题.     

Economic evaluation of optional recycling processes for waste electronic home appliances

This paper presents an economic evaluation of three typical recycling processes for the five main types of waste electronic home appliances (EHA) (TV set, refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner and personal computer) in Beijing, the capital of China. The main purpose is to identify the formal management framework with economic feasibility for the waste EHA generated in large municipalities of China. It is found that the advanced technologies, which have mechanical processing units, should be introduced to recover more valuable materials from the waste appliances. Net revenues with a range of 90–240 RMB (Chinese currency unit, 1.0 USD ≈ 8.0 RMB) per unit, depend on the type of appliance, could be expected in case of using the most complicated procedures which can separate both metals and plastics from the shredded mixtures. However, the recycling of waste refrigerator and waste washing machine will, respectively, spend about 100 and 6 RMB per unit if solely by simple manual dismantling. Revenues from recycling of the other three types of appliances are positive but quite low in this case. Although positive revenues could be achieved from the isolated evaluation of recycling, the entire management system, which also covers the phases of collection and transportation, is economically infeasible if the waste appliances are bought from the households still at current prices. Based on a survey of the householder's attitude to the cost for waste EHA management, which was conducted earlier, the practical way to construct a formal management system for waste EHA in Beijing is to reduce the citizen's traditional expectation to the values of waste appliances and encourage their transfer to the formal collection system at lower prices.     

中国废旧农用塑料薄膜的回收与利用

介绍了中国废旧农用塑料薄膜回收利用的现状 ;重点阐述了中国废旧农膜再生造粒技术 ,从工艺、成本利益、再生粒料的应用市场等各方面对该技术进行了详细的介绍和剖析 ,在论述其优越性的同时 ,指出了再生造粒技术存在的问题 ,为研究人员今后的研究工作指明了方向 ;最后对废旧农膜再生造粒技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

青岛市公众家电消费观及废弃家电循环利用态度

为全面了解青岛市公众家电消费观及对废弃家电循环利用的认知和态度,采用问卷调查和随机采访的方法分析研究了大量调研数据和系统信息。结果表明,消费者家电消费观比较理性;对绿色家电产品和废弃家电循环利用的了解和认识比较有限,但对废弃家电分类处置却持有积极的态度和行为。大多数居民能主动将其简单分为几类:直接销售给家电回收二手市场或走街串巷的流动商贩、在线网站交易和拍卖、以旧换新交给生产厂家或销售店面、闲置于家中和赠送亲朋好友或农村希望工程。此外,消费者对废弃家电循环利用的认知度与其教育水平直接相关,而对环境和资源保护的行为与其年龄直接相关。     

Quantifying potential profit from material recycling: a case study in brick manufacturing

Efforts to increase the use of waste materials as substitutes for virgin primary materials in industry are considered an important step toward sustainable industrial development. Some industries, however, have struggled to increase the recycling of materials for a variety of reasons. This study proposes a new approach to searching for recycling across industry boundaries. By focusing on an entire industry, the locations where economic and environmental benefit exists can be identified. This research identifies brick manufacturing facilities in the United States that are most likely to gain substantial economic benefit from the recycling of waste products. The results of this case study indicate that an industry-based approach can provide economically feasible pathways towards sustainable industrial development, especially for data rich manufacturing nations like the United States.     

Assessing the recycling potential of glass fibre reinforced plastic waste in concrete and cement composites

At present glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) waste recycling worldwide is very limited due to its intrinsic thermoset properties, lack of characterisation data and non availability of viable recycling and recovery routes. In the present study, efforts were made to recycle GRP waste powder and fibre in concrete and cement composites and assess its quality to comply with the British standards for use in construction applications. Results revealed that the mean compressive strength of concrete composites using 5%–50% GRP waste powder under water curing varied from 37 N/mm² to 19 N/mm². Increase in the concentration of GRP waste decreased the compressive strength. However, increase in curing duration (14–180 days) resulted in improving the compressive strength of concrete with 5% GRP application to 45.75 N/mm². Moreover, the density of concrete with 50% GRP waste was reduced by about 12% as compared to the control sample. The bending strength in terms of modules of rupture (MOR) of 12 mm thickness cement composites developed using 5% GRP waste fibre attained 16.5 N/mm². The findings of this work pave the way for further GRP waste recycling in precast construction products for use in various applications.     

废旧线路板非金属材料综合利用

随着信息时代的到来,废印刷线路板处理技术日益成熟,大量的废线路板非金属粉亟需处理。从环境保护和资源回收的角度,综述了废印刷线路板非金属粉的资源化利用。