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大庆油田所采用的早期注水采油开发方式,由于给地下以足够的压力,使油田生产能力保持旺盛,对油田生产起到了十分有利的作用。但是随着油田开发年限的增长,原油的综合含水不断上升,从开采的原油里脱出来的含油污水量也不断在增加。如果对这部分水不加以处理利用,注意排放,不仅会造成资源的浪费,还会造成环境的严重污染。油田广大科技人员,经过二十多年的反复实验研究,找到了将含油污水处理回注的方法。这个处理技术的发展大体上可分为三个阶段: 1.工艺实验阶段(一九六三年~一九六九年):是通过试验确定了适合大庆油田特点的自然除油~混凝除油~石英砂过滤处理工艺流程,并将处理合格的污水用于回注试验。 2.工艺完善与推广阶段(一九七○年 相似文献
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采油污水处理技术研究现状与发展趋势 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
综述了各项回注水和外排水处理技术的优势和不足。纵观国内油田采油污水处理技术,按照主要处理工艺过程可分为重力除油工艺、压力除油工艺、气浮除油工艺和精细过滤工艺等;外排采出水所采用的技术主要有生物法、化学法和植物湿地法。为了降低成本,实现更有利的经济和社会效益,对采油污水处理技术进行适当的组合或改进,从而更好地满足当前油田高含水期处理污水的需要。 相似文献
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南堡油田中心采油平台先后利用杀菌剂、脱硫剂等对硫化氢进行治理。文章通过对某井H_2S浓度及单井水质的检测,分析了其H_2S的产生原因,将H_2S治理阶段分为三个阶段,分别是:加注杀菌剂、加注脱硫剂和加注高压生产水。提出利用自身显弱碱性的高压生产水替代药剂来治理H_2S,取得显著效果:套管H_2S浓度逐步下降并稳定在0,注水停止后H_2S浓度回升至80mg/L左右,流程中其它设备中H_2S浓度几乎不反弹且保持在安全范围浓度内。 相似文献
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董瑶 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2014,(3):27-28,81
秦皇岛市开发区受开发活动的影响,植被面积和生物多样性减少,生态系统服务功能价值下降,水土流失增加。基于秦皇岛开发区生态保护现状,从敏感生态系统建设、城区绿化、城市综合生态功能廊道、生态补偿、水土保持等方面,加强开发区生态保护,构建和谐生态,实现人与自然的协调发展。 相似文献
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Gerard McMahon Jerad D. Bales James F. Coles Elise M. P. Giddings Humbert Zappia 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(6):1529-1546
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of a study on the use of continuous stage data to describe the relation between urban development and three aspects of hydrologic condition that are thought to influence stream ecosystems—overall stage variability, stream flashiness, and the duration of extreme‐stage conditions. This relation is examined using data from more than 70 watersheds in three contrasting environmental settings—the humid Northeast (the metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, area); the very humid Southeast (the metropolitan Birmingham, Alabama, area); and the semiarid West (the metropolitan Salt Lake City, Utah, area). Results from the Birmingham and Boston studies provide evidence linking increased urbanization with stream flashiness. Fragmentation of developed land cover patches appears to ameliorate the effects of urbanization on overall variability and flashiness. There was less success in relating urbanization and streamflow conditions in the Salt Lake City study. A related investigation of six North Carolina sites with long term discharge and stage data indicated that hydrologic condition metrics developed using continuous stage data are comparable to flow based metrics, particularly for stream flashiness measures. 相似文献
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城市人居环境的改善是经济持续发展的动力和保障,经济发展是人居环境改善的物质基础和载体.城市人居环境与经济协调发展是实现可持续发展的重要途径.以新疆沙湾县为研究对象,通过构建城镇人居环境与经济发展协调度指标评价体系,并运用主成分分析方法和协调度模型,对1999-2008年沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济协调发展水平进行了综合评价.结果表明:10年来城镇人居环境与经济发展协调程度逐渐上升,可以划分1999-2004年缓步上升和2005-2008年波动上升2个发展阶段.目前,沙湾县城镇人居环境与经济发展已到达高度协调状态,处理好两者的关系,使之更近一步达到优质协调,从而实现沙湾县经济、社会和生态环境的协调可持续发展. 相似文献
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钢铁企业无组织排放特征污染物的监测分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
东部老工业区是济南市大气污染重点防控区域。工业区大型企业的无组织排放废气对区域及周边大气环境质量产生的影响,一直没有引起人们的足够重视,因对其排放量大小和污染物种类不清楚,难以进行监管。本文以济南东部老工业区一家大型钢铁企业为例,选取五项有代表性的特征污染物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、非甲烷总烃和氨)进行布点监测,在不同气象条件下,分析特征污染物的浓度变化,了解钢铁企业无组织排放特征。经对监测数据的分析得出:与上风向相比,下风向各污染物监测的小时浓度和日均浓度均有不同程度的增加,表明该厂区污染源对周边环境空气质量有一定影响。最后,提出防范或改进措施,如应加严相应的无组织排放标准,增加大气在线监测点位及监测项目,建议企业加强对生产工艺环节无组织排放废气的收集和处理。 相似文献
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深入考察水环境质量变化的情况、分析水环境质量变化的规律,需要比较分析水环境质量的变化及与社会经济发展、自然条件的相关性,才能更准确地把握水环境的变化轨迹。对常州市"十一五"期间水环境环境质量变化与社会经济发展及水资源量等指标进行比较和相关性分析。结果表明:"十一五"期间,常州市通过大力开展主要污染物减排,调整产业结构,加强污水集中处理力度等有效措施,主要污染物排放量明显下降,水环境质量明显改善。 相似文献
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Myrto Pyrovetsi 《The Environmentalist》1989,9(3):201-211
Summary A pilot action forming part of the Integrated Mediterranean Programmes (IMPs) was carried out in Prespa National Park, Greece, to improve the socio-economic conditions in the area and to develop the agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing and tourism. A study on the environment of the park was carried out as part of this Programme. The study evaluated the natural conditions in the area, assessed the effects of the proposed operations on the environment, suggested opportunities for socio-economic improvement and provided guidelines for the organisation of the National Park. This paper presents certain aspects of this study and describes the mechanisms and conflicts attached to environmental conservation during implementation of the IMP.Evaluation of natural conditions was made possible by studying the land cover/use changes between 1945 and 1984 using aerial photographs. It showed a continuing concentration of land use activities in the wetland, which is the nucleus of the park. The most alarming findings were of soil erosion on the watershed, accelerating ageing and eutrophication of the lake, and destruction of the wet meadows. Evaluation of the latter revealed their remarkable biological value as feeding and resting habitats of the rare waterbird species.Assessment of the effects of the projected operations on the environment was accompanied by suggestions of alleviation measures. Further development of agriculture and an expansion of the irrigation system were expected to have a severe impact on the wetland and increase the eutrophic level of the lake. Measures for cultural practices, policy and education of the farmers were suggested. It was recognised that the projected fish breeding station would also have adverse effects on the wetland, the lake and its fisheries. Construction of the hatchery on the particular site chosen by the authorities was to cause major environmental degradation in the park.Despite the documentation provided, proposals stemming from the study and mitigation measures were disregarded. Implementation of the IMP operations had detrimental ecological effects in the area. From the first stages of the Programme, and throughout its implementation, secrecy prevailed in the procedures. There was no participation of the public nor of the local government. Lack of coordination appeared between the various levels of administration nationally and within the European Community (EC). Agencies concerned with the environment lost their jurisdiction in the area, as all decision-making was undertaken in Athens by a Ministry relatively insensitive to environmental issues. Implementation of the IMP in Prespa violated national and EC legislation as well as international treaties concerning the environment. The development plan had been prepared without integrating conservation and development while no concern was given to the impact on the environment. Lessons learned from the Prespa case should be used to improve IMPs and make development sustainable.Dr Myrto Pyrovetsi obtained her doctorate at Michigan State University, USA and is now an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. 相似文献