尾矿资源化利用的问题、条件及相关政策建议

我国是矿产资源生产和消费大国.由于我国矿产资源的特点是单一大型矿床少、共伴生和贫矿难选矿多、矿石自然品位较低等,加上采选技术、加工技术及设备落后等原因,矿产资源回收率低、单位矿产品的废弃物产生量大,造成我国可利用的资源不足等问题,所以尾矿资源的利用显得十分必要和迫切,但尾矿的利用必须以经济可行且对环境不造成二次污染为前提.论述了尾矿资源化利用必须解决的问题,并就尾矿资源化利用提出了相关政策建议.     

含铁尾矿的回收利用

随着矿产资源的日益枯竭,开发二次资源－－尾矿资源已势在必行。本文探讨的是用磁选柱回收朝鲜某含铁尾矿的可行性,试验表明：采用磁选柱可以实现回收该尾矿中的铁的目的,铁精矿品位可达65％以上,铁精矿产率、回收率指标亦较高,该尾矿资源的开发意义重大,不仅腾出了尾矿场地,解决了环境污染,也解决了我国北方一些地区对铁原料的需求,并为我国尾矿资源的开发开辟了一条途径。     

利用铁尾矿制造建筑用砖

简述了我国铁尾矿的资源状况,介绍了用铁尾矿制作各种建筑用砖的研究成果。结果表明,铁尾矿制砖是铁尾矿综合利用的一种有效途径。     

锰矿产资源绿色开发及安全管理对策

分析并介绍了我国锰矿资源的分布及特点、开采现状、优质锰矿资源勘查潜力等战略储备,概述我国锰矿资源开采过程中引发的生态环境问题、资源利用问题,提出锰矿资源绿色开发的4个安全目标管理以及安全监管的对策,为锰矿产资源的持续开发奠定基础。     

共和县孤山铁矿选矿工艺及尾液污染防治

本文通过对青海省共和县孤山铁矿矿石的矿物组合光片签定,矿物成分、矿物粒度的分析,尾矿沉降试验,尾液分析,为铁矿石选矿及尾液污染防治提供了依据.     

重庆市秀山锰矿4种重金属污染评价与分析

以重庆市秀山锰矿矿区为研究对象,基于对秀山矸石、尾矿、矿区土壤的采样分析,测试了土壤中Mn、Cr、Ni、As共4种重金属的含量,并使用单因子指数法、地积累指数法、潜在生态危害指数法对矿区土壤重金属污染状况及其潜在风险程度进行评价。结果表明,Mn污染的程度较严重,且污染区域较多,受到Cr污染的大多为轻污染,有的地方表现为重污染;受到As、Ni污染的一般都是轻污染,也有地方表现为重污染。锰矿资源开发过程中矸石和锰渣的堆存对秀山生态环境造成了严重影响,解决好矸石堆和锰渣问题能在很大程度上缓解环境的污染。     

依靠科技进步 加强铁矿物回收

首钢水厂选矿厂多年来利用磁滑轮用尾气及回收工艺和尾矿回收再选工艺，降低了尾矿品位，提高了金属回收率，为矿山的可持续发展和资源的开发与保护提供了新思路。     

“十五”资源综合利用重点

国家经贸委副主任张志刚强调:“十五”时期我国资源综合利用工作的重点是:①组织修订《资源综合利用目录》,进一步完善国家对资源综合利用的优惠政策;②加快研究制定《再生资源回收利用法》、《金属尾矿综合利用管理办法》和《废旧家电、废旧电脑管理办法》;③组织实施资源综合利用重大示范工程;④加大宣传、培训力度,提高全民“资源意识、节约意识”和“环境意识”.     

利用工业废弃物，发展新型绿色建材

本文分析了北京市煤矸石、粉煤灰、尾矿渣等工业废弃物资源的特点和分布情况，提出了北京郊区资源综合利用的建议。     

攀钢选矿厂尾矿输送改造工程

攀钢矿业公司选矿厂尾矿输送存在不少问题,致使大量含钒、钛金属的尾矿排入金沙江,引起长江域环境污染和金属资源的大量流失。在科学技术关解决了输尾主体设备的砂泵、管道的耐磨性能的情况下,对尾矿输送系统进行全面改造,使尾矿输送入率达93％以上。在此基础上又针对其尾矿浓缩性能较好的特点,进行尾矿高浓度输送试验研究和尾矿输送系统高浓度改造。     

锰资源开发利用中存在的问题和对策——以秀山锰矿为例

针对秀山锰矿开采秩序混乱、效率偏低、矸石处理、电解锰渣堆存和生产废水、锰深加工路线不健全等特点,结合其他地区锰资源的开发利用情况,提出了秀山锰矿应扩大开采规模,规范管理,矸石用于充填安全柱,加高加固锰渣尾矿库,锰渣的资源化利用等措施;提取生产废水中的金属元素,减少废水产生量,废水达标处理和循环利用降低污染;依靠发展和扩大锰产业链,加大科技投入,促进秀山的可持续发展.     

Environmental impacts of iron ore tailings—The case of Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong

Disposal of iron ore tailings along the shore of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong has altered the adjacent environment. Due to the ever-expanding population, the vast development of various industries, and the lack of sanitary control, the existing pollution problem of Tolo Harbour is serious. The iron ore tailings consist of a moderate amount of various heavy metals, e.g., copper, iron, manganese, lead, zinc, and a lower level of macronutrients. A few living organisms have been found colonizing this manmade habitat. Higher metal contents were also found in the tissue ofPaphia sp. (clam);Scopimera intermedia (crab);Chaetomorpha brychagona (green alga);Enteromorpha crinita (green alga); andNeyraudia reynaudiana (grass). The area can be reclaimed by surface amelioration using inert materials, soils, or organic substrates, and by direct seeding, using nontolerant and tolerant plant materials. Reclamation of the tailings would improve the amenity of the adjacent environment and also mitigate pollution escaping to the sea.     

粤北地区尾矿库遥感调查与生态环境评价

运用遥感技术,对粤北地区尾矿库进行调查发现,粤北地区尾矿库主要包括金属矿山、非金属矿山、选冶场所尾矿库,安全隐患较多,环境污染较为突出,地质灾害风险明显,二次矿山资源浪费较为严重。近年来,广东省及各市县等地方政府部门加强了对粤北地区尾矿库的管理,取得了一定的成效,未来应进一步加强监管和治理力度,提高尾矿资源利用水平。     

Evaluation of water treatment sludge for ameliorating acid mine waste

This study investigated the liming effect of water treatment sludge on acid mine spoils. The study was conducted with sludge from a water purification plant along the Vaal River catchments in South Africa. The optimum application rate for liming acid spoils and the speed and depth with which the sludge reacted with the mine waste were investigated. Chemical analysis indicated that the sludge is suitable as a liming agent because of its alkaline pH (8.08), high bicarbonate concentration (183.03 mg L(-1)), and low salinity (electrical conductivity = 76 mS m(-1)). The high cation exchange capacity of 15.47 cmol(c) kg(-1) and elevated nitrate concentration (73.16 mg L(-1)) also increase its value as an ameliorative material. The soluble concentrations for manganese, aluminum, lead, and selenium were high at a pH of 5 although only selenium (0.83 mg L(-1)) warranted some concern. According to experimental results, the application of 10 Mg ha(-1) of sludge to acid gold tailings increased the leach water pH from 4.5 to more than 7.5 and also increased the medium pH from 2.4 to 7.5. The addition of sludge further reduced the solubility of iron, manganese, copper, and zinc in the ameliorated gold tailings, but increased the electrical conductivity. The liming tempo was highest in the coal discard profile that had a coarse particle size distribution and took the longest to move through the gold tailings that had a fine particle size distribution. Results from this study indicate that the water treatment sludge investigated is suitable as a liming agent for rehabilitation of acid mine waste.     

AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND HEAVY METALS IN MISSOURI'S NEW LEAD BELT1

The New Lead. Belt of southeastern Missouri has recently become the largest lead producing region of the world. The impact of this rapid development on the previously rural and undeveloped region of the Missouri Ozarks is the subject of a continuing interdisciplinary study. Since the industrial development began, there have been a number of nuisance biological blooms in several of the small streams receiving effluent from the mines and mills. The major constituents of the problem algal growths were identified and found to include: Cladophora, Oscillatoria, Mougeotia, Zygnema, Spirogyra, Cymbella, and a variety of other stalked and non-stalked diatoms. Secondary blooms of Sphaerotilus were observed to reach problem proportions in some streams, particularly in the autumn. Finely ground rock flour and mineral particles escaping from tailings dams were found to be trapped by the stream vegetation. Concentrations of lead, zinc, copper, and manganese in the algal and bacterial mats were found to be inversely related to distance downstream from the tailings dams. Consumer organisms, including crayfish, snails, aquatic insects, tadpoles, minnows and larger sunfish were analyzed to determine the extent of dissemination and concentration of the heavy metals through food chains. Preliminary results indicated insignificant concentrations of heavy metals in those consumer organisms studied, though in at least one problem stream the normal consumer organisms mentioned were markedly reduced in numbers.     

首钢大石河铁矿采用“内循环方式”回收尾矿金属

针对当前黑色治金矿山企业选矿生产尾矿品位上升、金属流失严重问题,阐述了利用原有设备实施工艺改造,探索采用“内循环方式”回收尾矿金属,以降低尾矿品位,提高经济效益,节约矿石资源。     

金尾矿综合利用技术研究与应用进展

黄金矿石的品位低,经选冶后会产生比其他金属矿石更多的尾矿。黄金矿山尾矿的大量排放,造成了黄金和其他有价金属的流失,同时大量尾矿堆积,对环境带来了极大的危害。为进一步回收有价金属,保护矿区的生态环境,重点介绍了尾矿中有价元素的综合回收技术,进一步变废为宝,开发宝贵的二次资源。     

论铁矿尾矿的资源化

本文从矿产资源、环境保护、土地资源和资金投入等方面,论述了铁尾矿资源化的重要性,并提出了建议和对策     

Study of inexpensive oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion

Norwegian industrial tailings and by-products, as well as naturally occurring minerals and ores have been surveyed with the purpose of identifying candidate oxygen carrier materials for use in a chemical looping combustion process. Nine materials, based on manganese and/or iron oxide, were selected for an initial screening test; six were deemed promising and were hence investigated further. Thermogravimetric experiments were performed to investigate the oxygen capacity, the reaction kinetics and reversibility of the oxygen absorption reaction. A manganese ore with a reversible capacity of 4.9 wt% oxygen at 1000 °C was selected as the most promising for chemical looping combustion applications. This material was modified by addition of calcia to explore the possibility of enhancing the kinetic, catalytic and mechanical properties. The addition of excess calcium relative to manganese resulted in formation of calcium manganite and related phases. The oxygen capacity of the modified material was 4.5 wt% at 1000 °C, but it has potential advantages in terms of kinetics and chemical and mechanical stability relative to the pure ore.     

低碳经济背景下云南矿业可持续发展对策研究

低碳经济是以＂低能耗、低污染、低排放＂为主要特征的一种经济发展模式。对矿业而论,低碳型矿业是今后发展的必然趋势,但目前云南矿业是＂高消耗、高排放、低利用＂的粗放型发展模式。基于云南矿业的特点及制约因素的分析,提出其可持续发展对策,包括寻求最优开采率、发展矿产资源的深加工、进行企业结构调整、增加集约程度和矿产资源多元化利用、促进废物资源化等。其中,特别要关注尾矿的资源化利用、矿山生态环境的植物修复和煤炭资源的清洁生产。