咸宁市城镇污水处理厂污泥处理现状及展望

污泥处理处置既是污水处理的重要环节,也是衡量污水处理成效的重要内容。随着城镇污水处理厂相继建成并投入运营,污水进水浓度和负荷率不断提高,污水处理厂的污泥产量也急剧增加。目前,咸宁各地在污水处理过程中普遍存在"重水轻泥"现象,大多数污泥以直接填埋为主,污泥处理处置规划滞后、配套政策不完善、技术定位不准确和处理处置部门责任不清、监管缺位等问题十分突出,由此引起的二次环境污染问题已不容忽视,不但降低了污水处理的减排效果,而且将会对我市生态环境构成威胁。该文从国家对污泥处理的要求、咸宁城镇污水处理厂污泥处理现状、存在的问题入手,结合咸宁现有的条件,提出现阶段咸宁城镇污水处理厂污泥处理的建议。     

城镇污水处理厂污泥处置现状及对策探讨——以扬州市为例

城镇污水处理厂污泥是污水处理的副产物,随着污水处理量的不断增加,污泥产生量也呈逐年上升的态势。分析了国内外城镇污水处理厂污泥的处理处置方式,结合扬州市城镇污水处理厂污泥处置只有焚烧和送生活垃圾场填埋的现状,探讨了扬州市污泥处置存在的问题,提出了对策和建议。     

城市污水处理厂污泥特性及资源化利用的发展对策

分析了中国部分污水处理厂污泥的特性,借鉴部分城市污泥处置利用的先进手段和经验,提出了中国污泥资源化利用应遵照"实事求是、因地制宜"的原则,政府提供优惠的产业政策,同时以示范工程为依托,污泥利用形成产业化,成为污水处理企业除污水处理费征收、中水回用之外的第三个经济增长点,弥补污水处理费用的不足,解决污水处理从业人员过多的问题,而且还可以充分发挥污水处理厂社会效益和生态环境效益的发展对策.     

南京市污泥深度脱水-干化-焚烧处置规划研究

对南京市污水处理厂进行了资料收集调查和实地考察,分析了南京市城市污泥的产生情况、特点和处置现状,指出了目前南京市城市污泥处置存在的问题,对未来污泥的处置提出了对策和建议,并探索了城市污泥资源化处置的可行性。拟定了南京城市污水厂污泥处置中心的场地规划,制定了适合南京的污泥深度脱水干化焚烧处置工程方案,分析其经济和社会效益,最终得出了一套具有可行性的南京市污泥处理处置的初步方案。     

泰安市城市污泥集中处置的可行性探讨

近年来,随着中国污水处理设施的普及、处理率的提高和处理程度的深化,污水处理厂的污泥产生量将有较大的增长,由污泥引起的二次污染问题已不容忽视。如何合理地处理、处置污水处理厂污泥已成为相关部门必须引起重视的问题。本文对污水处理厂污泥的传统处理存在的问题,进行了系统的分析和研究,并根据泰安市城市污水处理厂污泥运行现状就泰安市污泥以干化的方式集中处置的可行性进行了技术分析和探讨,并分析了今后污泥处置的发展趋势。     

大庆市城市污泥土地利用与环境影响研究

统计了大庆市生活污水处理厂污泥泥质重金属含量和本地区土壤环境重金属现状监测值,结果表明:大庆地区土壤属于天然低背景,污泥中重金属含量符合《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置农用泥质》(CJ/T 309-2009)标准的要求.结合本地区土壤的理化性质和污水厂污泥泥质特性,分析堆肥后污泥土地利用前景与环境影响,建议城市污泥处置应遵循源头削减和全过程控制原则,为大庆污泥处理厂的运行和管理提供合理化建议.     

大庆市污水处理厂污泥中重金属含量的监测与评价

监测并统计了大庆市四座生活污水处理厂污泥泥质重金属含量水平,与标准比较发现:污泥中重金属含量水平整体不高,完全符合《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置混合填埋泥质标准》CJ/T249-2007的重金属标准的要求,符合《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置农用泥质》(Cj/T 309-2009)A级标准的要求。为大庆城市污泥处理、处置和环境管理提供依据。     

浅谈我国污泥处理处置的发展和现状

随着污水处理厂的建设越来越多,水污染治理的能力不断加大,污泥产量也越来越多,污泥的处理处置已成为环境综合治理工作中的新难点、新挑战.污泥是污水处理的伴生物,如果不妥善处置,容易产生二次污染,所以污泥处理与处置是污水处理的重要组成部分.文章主要阐述了我国污水处理过程中产生的污泥处理与处置的现状及存在的问题,分析了各种污泥处置的方式和特点.并就我国污泥处理处置和综合利用提出了相关建议.     

洛阳市水处理发展趋势及对策思考

根据洛阳市水处理发展现状,分析了洛阳市水环境及水处理发展中存在的城市生活污水处理厂运行管理、中水回用规划与政策、水体环境净化及人工湿地污水处理技术的应用以及污水处理厂剩余污泥处理等方面问题;最后指出了洛阳市应积极转变污水处理厂的运营机制,积极引入和采纳BOT模式,大力开展中水回用和人工湿地污水处理技术研究与推广工作,走污泥无害化、资源化发展道路,以期为洛阳市经济社会以及生态环境的良好健康发展提供参考。     

高效生物絮凝剂在城市污水处理厂污泥调质处理中的应用

污泥是污水处理过程中的必然产物,伴随着污泥产生量越来越大,污泥对人类生存环境和经济发展的影响日益突出。如何对污泥进行合理有效的处理和处置,降低其对环境的影响,实现资源化利用,是污泥处置的一个重要课题。为满足《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置混合填埋泥质》(CJ/249-2007)中对填埋污泥含水率的基本要求,东阳市横店污水处理厂采用隔膜式板框压滤机作为核心污泥脱水设备,采用新型生物絮凝剂作为调理药剂,可将出泥含水率控制在60%以下。本文重点介绍采用恒邦生物多糖聚合物为污泥高效脱水剂的污泥调质技术,并与两种传统调质技术进行比较。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

ＲｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｆｒｏｍｓｅｗａｇｅｓｌｕｄｇｅｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｉｎｇｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＷｕＱｉｔａｎｇ，ＮｙｉｒａｎｄｅｇｅＰａｓｃａｓｉｅ，ＭｏＣｅｈｕｉＦ...     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.     

Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.