金坛市后阳化工园区环境管理的实践

后阳化工园区是一个面积仅为34 hm^2、由18家精细化工生产企业组成的化工集中区。该化工园区通过建立环境管理机构、环保自律制度、自治巡查组、技术指导组等手段,采取严格入园条件、清污全面分流、废气全面吸收、环境全面整治等环境管理措施,促进了环境与经济的协调发展,为探索小型化工集中区的环境管理提供了有益的尝试。     

对化工园区标准化管理体系应用实践的认识

随着全球经济一体化步伐的加快,中国的化工企业已呈现各种化工园区集聚发展的态势。化工园区作为地区化工行业集聚区域,也是一个地区工业经济发展的重要载体,已逐渐成为推动区域经济快速增长的重要支撑。本文分析了国内外先进化工园区管理模式及经验,总结了目前国内化工园区管理中存在的问题,通过借鉴国内外先进化工园区管理模式及成功经验,分析提出解决化工园区环境管理问题的建议,以期为改善园区管理现状、促进化工园区科学发展提供理论依据。     

基于DEA的中国工业污染治理效率

以用于工业污染治理的资金和设备为投入指标,以工业废水达标排放率和废水重复利用率、工业废气排放削减率、工业固体废物综合利用率和处置率为产出指标,利用DEA模型将污染治理的综合技术效率分解为纯技术效率和规模效率,分析影响污染治理效果的制约因素,为改善治理效果提供依据.结果表明,以1999年为转折点,工业废水治理的制约因素由纯技术效率转为规模效率.1997-2002年,工业废气的种类和性质变化以及废气的复合型污染提升了对废气处理技术的要求,纯技术效率偏低;2002年以后,纯技术效率和规模效率发展不相协调,废气治理投入的资源利用率偏低.1995-2005年,固体废物污染治理的规模效率较高,纯技术效率为污染治理的制约因素;2005年以后,纯技术效率有所提升,但波动较大.整体而言,工业废水治理的多年平均综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均最高,废气次之,固体废物最低,表现出明显的不均衡性.     

化工园区建设的环境问题与防治对策

主要论述了建设化工园区的必要性,并针对存在的问题,提出了防治对策.     

医药化工行业溶剂废气治理存在的问题及防治对策

医药化工行业产生的溶剂废气污染大,治理难,易引发环境纠纷,已经成为废气治理领域的重点和难点。介绍了医药化工行业中溶剂废气产生和排放的特点,系统分析了当前溶剂废气治理现状,针对当前溶剂废气治理中存在的问题,提出了医药化工溶剂废气治理的对策建议。     

农药厂废气污染综合治理系统设计与应用

结合浙江某农药厂废气污染的监测、调查和防治方面的经验,总结了农药厂废气污染特点,并采用吸附、吸收和焚烧等综合治理技术有效控制了废气污染.以该农药厂乙酰甲胺磷、包装车间和污水站为例,对主要废气预处理进行了分析:乙酰甲胺磷车间乙酰脱溶真空泵和反应釜产生的氯仿废气经二级深冷回收后进入活性炭吸附处理系统进行预处理;乙酰真空泵产生的其他废气经二级深冷回收预处理;反应釜、溶剂储槽混合废气经水洗、氧化二级吸收预处理;包装车间和污水站废气各自经碱洗吸收预处理.预处理后的废气采用氧化、碱液二级吸收工艺进行废气集中处理,再经锅炉焚烧后,各类废气排放浓度或排放速率均远低于相应标准限值,可实现达标排放.     

耦合技术对炼化企业蒸汽吹扫废气的处理

为了解决炼化企业停车检修蒸汽吹扫废气难处理这一行业难题,采用喷淋水洗、膜分离、低温催化氧化组成的移动式废气处理技术,对某炼厂裂解重馏分罐蒸汽蒸煮和吹扫过程所产生废气进行处理。结果表明:进气非甲烷总烃浓度可达24 000 mg·m~(-3),温度为80～95℃;尾气中非甲烷总烃指标全部低于12 mg·m~(-3),去除率达99%以上,烃类物质的回收率可达75%;喷淋单元的功能是降低废气温度,去除酸性气体并回收重质烃类;膜分离单元有效提升装置运行稳定性,提高有机物回收效率;低温催化技术可对不可凝烃类进行深度处理。该处理技术能够为困扰炼厂的停检修蒸汽吹扫废气的治理提供参考。     

防火及阻燃材料质量检验过程中含挥发性有机物烟气的治理工艺

防火及阻燃材料的质量检验是检验产品防火性能、有效预防火灾的保障,在其检验过程中会产生大量含挥发性有机物(VOCs)的烟气,该类废气通常未经处理或经简单处理直接排放,严重污染了周围环境。为研究该类废气的排放状况,分析了该类废气的成份及特点。通过对比分析VOCs废气处理的常用治理工艺,结合实际工程应用经验,针对性的提出了该类废气的综合治理工艺,为该类废气的治理提供了参考。     

线路板生产中有机废气的排放及防治措施

针对PCB线路板生产中存在的环保问题,分析了有机废气VOCs产生的原因及其毒害性,指出线路板行业突破环保问题这一瓶颈而实现可持续发展的出路在于实施绿色管理。     

城市垃圾卫生填埋场废气产生量及主要污染因子的确定

城市生活垃圾以其特有的分散、巨量、恶臭、肮脏等特性,使环境污染问题显得更加突出、复杂,因此建造垃圾填埋场势在必行。本文以城市垃圾卫生填埋场址的环境影响评价为基础,对垃圾填埋场恶臭气体产生量及其影响强度进行科学的分析与探讨,为垃圾场废气的治理及环境管理提供科学依据。1　垃圾卫生填埋废气产生量分析1.1　废气污染物的产生及特征根据有关实验及文献资料〔1,2〕,填埋场中废气大致由50%～60%的CH4,40%～50%的CO2和一定量的NH3、N2、H2S等物质组成。填埋场产生的废气成份应根据生产过程来确定,在填埋初期两周内氮、氧的含量比…     

Chemical Manufacturers Association 1984 Hazardous Waste Survey

This paper discusses the Chemical Manufacturers Association's 1984 survey of the chemical industry's hazardous waste management practices. The survey data include a breakdown of how the industry's hazardous wastes are managed, detailing generation, treatment and disposal, and cover 725 plants in 81 companies. The 1984 survey is the third CM A hazardous waste survey, and the paper discusses resultant waste treatment trends from 1981- 1984, the period covered by previous surveys. A total of 278.5 million tons of hazardous waste was treated and disposed by survey respondents. Of this, 276.8 million tons was hazardous wastewater and 1.7 million tons was solid hazardous waste. The survey solid hazardous waste total was projected to the entire industry (Standard Industrial Code 2800) and is estimated at 6.9 million tons. The survey showed continued decreasing trends in hazardous waste generation in the chemical industry. It demonstrated changes in hazardous waste management practices, with decreased use of landfills and increased incineration of the solid wastes that are generated.     

化工企业无组织排放废气的危害与防治

论述了化工企业无组织废气的来源、危害、处理方法和防治措施等。     

普钙生产含氟尾气治理技术的应用

介绍了云南某化工厂年产3万t普钙含氟尾气治理工程的运行现状、工艺流程和设计参数,并根据使用效果进行分析总结,通过当地环保局12年的监测数据表明,该厂含氟尾气采用喷淋塔、喷杯塔和喷淋旋流板塔处理后,不仅尾气达标排放,还副产300 t/a氟硅酸钠,实现了环境效益和经济效益的双丰收.还根据12年来工程中出现的问题提出了改进的措施和建议,供普钙行业含氟尾气治理工程设计参考.     

利用活性炭纤维有机废气吸附回收装置治理二氯甲烷废气

文章介绍了一种化工生产过程中排出的二氯甲烷废气的治理装置———活性炭纤维有机废气吸附回收装置和治理工艺。由于采用了优越的吸附材料和先进的工艺设计 ,使吸附回收率达 97%以上 ,收到了很好的环境效益和经济效益     

膨胀石墨在环境污染治理中的应用

膨胀石墨是一种新型的多孔碳质吸附材料.它具有发达的孔结构,对于大分子的物质具有超大的吸附能力.膨胀石墨作为新型纳米功能材料,广泛应用于石油、化工、冶金、机械和环保等领域.在概述膨胀石墨的吸附性能和机理的基础上,介绍了其在海洋溢油污染、水中微量油污染、印染废水和有毒气体治理等方面的应用,并对膨胀石墨的最新合成方法和应用发展趋势进行了展望和预测.     

Hazardous Waste Minimization: Part I Waste Reduction in the Chemical Industry

Recognizing the need for minimizing the generation of hazardous waste, the chemical industry is experiencing a surge in the initiation of programs for reducing such waste. With a new realization that the cost of handling waste may be many times higher than the value of the materials lost in it, the industry needs to examine a new end-point for optimizing its processes; one that includes the total cost of waste management as well as the conventional cost elements such as raw materials, power and the like. The authors discuss some of the problems that industry is encountering; then describe Du Pont’s approach to waste reduction in terms of administrative and technical activities. They emphasize that, in addition to meeting environmental needs, waste reduction often makes good sense solely from an economic point of view.     

Planning,Designing, Operating,and Regulating a Geologic Sequestration Repository as an Underground Landfill—A Review

ABSTRACT

Geologic sequestration appears to be a technically feasible method of storing carbon dioxide in underground aquifers in order to lower greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The overall feasibility of geologic sequestration is still in question and as such, has been the focus of intense research over the past decade. Researchers have looked to the oil/gas industry and water well industry for lessons learned and technical knowledge, however, a better industry to emulate may well be the waste industry. Viewing geologic sequestration repositories as underground landfills has a great many benefits. First, there is a plethora of existing research and investigations that are directly analogous to geologic sequestration projects. Second, the regulatory framework is rather mature and can be easily adapted to serve geologic sequestration. This paper conducts an extensive literature search of the environmental, waste, and geologic sequestration literature to ascertain planning, design, and operational methodologies, lessons learned, and concepts that are directly useful for geologic sequestration to improve the technical and regulatory framework. Lastly, the paper uses a hypothetical underground landfill geologic sequestration site (ULGSS) in Florida, USA to discuss some of the findings and implications from the literature. It is concluded that there are a number of literature findings from the waste and environmental arena that should be adapted for geologic sequestration.

IMPLICATIONS Geologic sequestration is a promising solution for greenhouse gas control. This work supports that notion but suggests further improvements to the technical and regulatory framework based upon an extensive review of the waste management and environmental literature. The improvements include suggestions in the areas of permitting, site selection, operations, cost accounting, and special waste handling. Some of these improvements are discussed using a hypothetical project site in Florida, USA.     

浅析某厂化学镀镍线的主要污染物及处理措施

某厂化学镀镍线产生的主要污染物为大气污染、水污染和固体废物污染。其中大气污染物主要为硫酸雾。水污染物为总镍、总铜、化学需氧量、悬浮物、总磷、氨氮等。固废废弃物均为危险废物,包括废包装材料、酸性废液、含镍废液。该文分析了化学镀镍线产生的废气、废水和固体废物的主要来源,并提出了防止污染的对策。     

Hazardous Waste Minimization: Part VI Waste Minimization in the Foundry Industry

The foundry industry is a major consumer of waste materials (scrap). Unfortunately, the recycling of these waste materials can result in the generation of hazardous wastes that must be properly managed at a significant cost. This article focuses on two waste streams in the foundry industry; calcium carbide desulfurization slag and melt emission control residuals. The author presents an overview of how foundries have evaluated different waste management options with the ultimate goal of minimizing the generation of hazardous waste.