散堆填料对海水脱硫吸收系统性能影响的实验研究

在海水烟气脱硫中试实验台上进行了填料形式、填料高度变化对脱硫效率和系统压降影响规律的实验研究;研究中将喷淋空塔和分别填装A型、B型、C型3种填料的吸收塔进行了综合性能对比,并进行了填料高度分别为0.6、1.2和1.8 m的对比实验。结果表明,填料塔的脱硫效率高于喷淋空塔;当空塔气速为3 m/s时,填装C型填料的吸收塔的综合性能最优;当空塔气速小于2.5 m/s时,填装A型填料的吸收塔的综合性能最优;在满足相同脱硫效率的指标下,虽然增加填料高度降低了海水喷淋量,并且系统压降出现一定比例下降,但是在工程设计中必须综合考虑塔高、填料支架载荷等因素选择合适的填料堆积高度。     

改进型填料塔的设计及其在净化轮胎行业废气的应用研究

轮胎生产企业排放的废气,含有碳黑、非甲烷总烃、H2S及其他恶臭类有机气态污染物,难于处理。作者在连续接触式气液填料塔的基础上,通过设计改进,研制了新型气体喷淋填料塔,并将其应用于某轮胎生产企业的废气处理工程中,取得了较好的处理效果。     

氨-Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝中试研究

在中试吸收塔反应器中,以氨基湿法烟气脱硫为基础,结合Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合吸收NO技术,实现同步脱硫脱硝;采用单一变量法研究了塔型、填料几何特性、填料层高度、液气比和Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度等因素对同步脱硫脱硝的影响。结果表明,在相同的条件下,填料塔比空喷塔和鼓泡塔有利于同步脱硫脱硝;空隙率高、填料因子小的填料能明显提高脱硫脱硝效率,填料层高度从0 mm增加到900 mm,脱硫脱硝效率分别增大了4.49%和19.55%;液气比和Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度越大,脱硝效率越高,但对SO_2的吸收没有影响。最佳工艺条件为:ф25 mm鲍尔环作填料且填料层高度为900 mm的填料塔、液气比为12 L/m~3、Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度为0.05 mol/L,在此条件下,脱硫脱硝效率分别达到100%和51.55%。     

斜孔板吸收塔净化含汞废气的研究

目前国内净化含汞废气的方法有:活性炭充氯吸附法、文丘里复挡分离0.1％过硫酸铵(NH_4S_2O_3)吸收法、文丘里——填料塔喷淋0.4％高锰酸钾法。为了克服活性炭吸附法易堵塞及饱和后的含氯化汞活性炭再生的困难,文丘里喉管部易堵塞且效率不高以及填料塔空塔速度低、填料清洗等困难,针对仪表、电池、灯泡等行业车间作业环境排气含汞浓度低气量大的特点,开展了斜孔板吸收塔高锰酸钾氧化法净化含汞废气的研究。     

生物滴滤塔处理有机废气的填料选择研究

以含低浓度乙酸、正己烷和苯乙烯的混合有机气体模拟实际有机废气,采用实验室规模的生物滴滤塔处理有机废气,并比较了海绵、珊瑚石、陶粒和空心塑料小球4种填料的性能。结果表明:(1)生物滴滤塔启动时间最短的为海绵生物滴滤塔(约20d),其次为陶粒生物滴滤塔(约25d),启动时间较长的为珊瑚石生物滴滤塔(约35d)和空心塑料小球生物滴滤塔(约40d)。(2)在稳定运行期,不同填料生物滴滤塔对水溶性和极性较强的乙酸的去除率差异尤为明显,对正己烷和苯乙烯的去除率差异相对较小。(3)4种填料生物滴滤塔中的异养细菌数量依次为海绵>陶粒>珊瑚石>空心塑料小球。运行80d时,海绵、陶粒、珊瑚石和空心塑料小球生物滴滤塔中的异养细菌数量分别达5.9×108、4.8×108、3.6×108、3.0×108 cfu/g(以单位质量干填料计)。(4)在相同的进气流速下,4种填料生物滴滤塔的填料层压力降依次为珊瑚石>陶粒>空心塑料小球>海绵。(5)海绵和陶粒较适宜作为生物滴滤塔的填料。     

流化填料净化塔水力阻力研究

流化填料净化塔的阻力降计算，目前还没有精确的理论公式。本文利用废气治理工程中测试的数据，建立了流化填料净化塔的水力阻力经验式。在工程设计中，当条件相近时，直接用该公式设计是可行的。     

流化填料净化塔水力阻力研究

流化填料净化塔的阻力降计算 ,目前还没有精确的理论公式。本文利用废气治理工程中测试的数据 ,建立了流化填料净化塔的水力阻力经验式。在工程设计中 ,当条件相近时 ,直接用该公式设计是可行的。     

低温等离子体联合技术降解甲苯气体的研究

以自制的纳米钛酸钡基介电材料为催化剂,以电工陶瓷拉西环为载体,利用介质阻挡放电产生的低温等离子体对常压下流动态含甲苯的空气进行处理,研究了电场强度、空塔气速、甲苯初始浓度及不同填料情况下甲苯的降解及臭氧产生情况,初步探讨了等离子体联合技术降解甲苯的机制,并进行了产物分析.实验结果表明,甲苯降解率随电场强度的提高而上升,随空塔气速和甲苯初始浓度的增加而降低;随反应器内填料变化,甲苯降解率表现为催化剂填料》普通填料》无填料,其降解率最高可达95%.当电场强度》13.0 kV/cm时,臭氧浓度因受到过量的高能电子攻击而发生分解,表现为臭氧浓度随电场强度的继续增加而降低,故最佳电场强度为13.0 kV/cm.当9.0 kV/cm＜电场强度＜13.0 kV/cm,臭氧产量表现为催化剂填料＞普通填料＞无填料,纳米钛酸钡基介电材料大大增强了臭氧的产量.     

除氨循环喷淋填料塔系统建模及运行优化控制

喷淋填料塔是一种常见除氨设备。将喷淋除氨系统作为研究对象,以次氯酸溶液为喷淋液体,并对系统的优化运行进行研究。基于除氨逆流喷淋填料塔效率模型和系统溶液循环动态模型,建立了除氨循环喷淋填料塔系统仿真器,提出了一种以次氯酸溶液消耗量最小为目标的优化控制策略,通过仿真进行了验证,并与其他2个固定喷淋量控制策略进行了对比。与文献数据相比,喷淋填料塔效率模型的偏差在±3%以内,表明建立的仿真器精度较高。仿真验证结果表明：优化控制策略可使排放气体中氨浓度达到国标GB14554的排放限值要求,而且处理后的废液中氨含量低于其他2个控制策略;在相同的运行时长内,优化控制策略与2个固定喷淋量策略对比,次氯酸的消耗量分别节约34%和18%,说明提出的运行优化控制策略可有效节约次氯酸消耗。本研究提出的优化策略可有效提升除氨喷淋填料塔的运行效率。     

生物膜法净化中浓度硫化氢的研究

基于中浓度H2S的生物治理研究较少的现状,利用生物膜法进行了以活性炭为填料净化中浓度H2S适宜条件的研究.考察了温度、营养液喷淋量、空塔气速、H2S初始浓度及pH与H2S净化效率的关系.结果表明,适宜条件为温度30 ℃、营养液喷淋量10 L/h、空塔气速0.16 m3/h、H2S初始质量浓度低于60 mg/m3和pH为2.0.在适宜条件下,生物膜填料塔对H2S的净化效率可达到90%以上.     

Bio-SR工艺去除硫化氢气体的研究

采用Bio-SR工艺,利用铁盐吸收与氧化亚铁硫杆菌的联合作用对H2S进行脱除实验。通过改进微生物的培养条件,减少了83.9%的沉淀量,一定程度上解决了挂膜后生物填料塔易堵塞的问题,保证了填料塔的连续运行。在实验选取工况下,硫化氢脱除率可达到98.4%以上,当吸收液中Fe3+浓度为5.5～6 g/L、H2S进气浓度为1 g/m3、通气量为0.08～0.12 m3/h时效果最佳,反应器可持续高效地运行。此外,对进气浓度、通气量与硫化氢去除率之间的相关性进行了进一步研究,其结果有利于反应器及运行参数的优化设计。     

A batch study on the bio-fixation of carbon dioxide in the absorbed solution from a chemical wet scrubber by hot spring and marine algae

Carbon dioxide mass transfer is a key factor in cultivating micro-algae except for the light limitation of photosynthesis. It is a novel idea to enhance mass transfer with the cyclic procedure of absorbing CO(2) with a high performance alkaline abosorber such as a packed tower and regenerating the alkaline solution with algal photosynthesis. Hence, the algae with high affinity for alkaline condition must be purified. In this study, a hot spring alga (HSA) was purified from an alkaline hot spring (pH 9.3, 62 degrees C) in Taiwan and grows well over pH 11.5 and 50 degrees C. For performance of HSA, CO(2) removal efficiencies in the packed tower increase about 5-fold in a suitable growth condition compared to that without adding any potassium hydroxide. But ammonia solution was not a good choice for this system with regard to carbon dioxide removal efficiency because of its toxicity on HSA. In addition, HSA also exhibits a high growth rate under the controlled pHs from 7 to 11. Besides, a well mass balance of carbon and nitrogen made sure that less other byproducts formed in the procedure of carboxylation. For analysis of some metals in HSA, such as Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, related to the photosynthesis increased by a rising cultivated pH and revealed that those metals might be accumulated under alkaline conditions but the growth rate was still limited by the ratio of bicarbonate (useful carbon source) and carbonate. Meanwhile, Nannochlopsis oculta (NAO) was also tested under different additional carbon sources. The results revealed that solutions of sodium/potassium carbonate are better carbon sources than ammonia carbonate/bicarbonate for the growth of NAO. However, pH 9.6 of growth limitation based on sodium was lower than one of HSA. The integrated system is, therefore, more feasible to treat CO(2) in the flue gases using the algae with higher alkaline affinity such as HSA in small volume bioreactors.     

Government Sponsored Air Pollution Research Relating to Agriculture

The absorption of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by aqueous solutions of chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and chlorine plus sodium hydroxide was studied using a two-inch diameter absorption column packed with ¼ inch Intalox saddles. Absorption rates were noticeably affected by chemical reactions occurring in the aqueous chlorine and hydroxide media. These solutions were studied as a means of controlling sulfur-containing gas emissions from kraft paper mills. The absorption studies indicated that aqueous chlorine solutions at a pH above 12 were effective absorbents for hydrogen sulfide removal in absorption equipment designed to tolerate sulfur in suspension. The absorption of methyl mercaptan in aqueous chlorine solutions appeared to be impractical since dimethyl disulfide was apparently the only product formed and was stripped from the tower by the gas stream. Sodium hydroxide solution was an effective absorbent for both methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide when hydroxide to sulfide or mercaptan feed ratios were greater than 1 or 1.8, respectively. The mercaptan absorption coefficient was approximately twice that for sulfide absorption.     

Control of Claus Plant Sulfur Compound Emissions

The body of information of this paper is directed to those individuals charged with selecting a process to control atmospheric sulfur emissions from Claus plants serving refineries, gas processing installations, and chemical plants. The TGT process developed by the French Petroleum Institute (IFP) is an extension of the Claus reaction itself in the liquid phase. Mixed H₂S and SO₂ in tail gas from Claus units is fed to a packed tower in which a solution of proprietary catalyst in a high BP polyglycol circulates countercurrent to the gas flow. The mixed gases react with the catalyst to form a complex, which in turn reacts with more gases to produce elemental sulfur. Reaction temperature keeps the sulfur above its melting point. Product accumulates in the boot of the tower and is drawn off continuously through a seal leg.

The IFP TGT process is simple in design and units have simple construction, characterized by use of low carbon steel and the use of very few pieces of equipment. Of all processes used today to take effluent sulfur values down to 1000 ppm SO₂ after incineration, the IFP TGT process requires the least capital investment and the lowest operating costs. Twenty-six full scale plants are operating or under design or construction: nine each in the U.S. and Japan, five in the U.S.S.R. and Poland, two in western Europe and one in Canada. Capacities of the Claus plants served range from 45 to 800 Lt/d sulfur.     

微包埋恶臭假单胞菌复合填料制备及性能评价

填料是废气生物净化系统的核心组件,对净化性能有直接影响。以聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、腐熟植物纤维等为辅料,采用微包埋法制备出一种包埋恶臭假单胞菌复合填料,并将其装填于生物过滤塔中评价其对甲苯的净化性能。结果表明,制备的复合填料性能稳定、启动速度快、适宜微生物生长,对甲苯有较好的净化效果。生物过滤塔在空床停留时间47 s、进气负荷不高于42.00 g·(m3·h)-1的条件下,去除率可达90%以上。系统停运3 d和7 d,重新启动1 h后,去除率即可恢复至80%以上。动力学研究显示,与Michaelis-Menten模型相比,Haldane模型对使用该复合填料的生物净化过程拟合度较高。制备的复合填料理化性能好,对甲苯具有较高的净化效果,具有一定的应用前景。     

湍球塔和喷淋塔的海水脱硫冷态实验对比

通过湍球塔和喷淋塔的海水脱硫冷态实验对比,研究海水脱硫过程中烟气和海水参数对湍球塔和喷淋塔脱硫的不同影响。实验结果表明,SO2分压力增大,脱硫效率和尾水pH值减小;海水碱度、pH值和液气比增大,脱硫效率和尾水pH值也随之增大;湍球塔的脱硫效率和尾水pH值与液气比改变方式无关,实验用湍球塔的合适液气比值为2.3 L/m3;湍球塔脱硫实验中,塔内气速为1.58 m/s,SO2分压力为20 Pa,水温为10.2℃,液气比为1.1~2.8 L/m3时,尾水pH值在2.4~2.8之间;增大液气比时,喷淋塔改变海水流量的脱硫效果要比改变气体流量的脱硫效果明显;塔内气速1 m/s以上时,一级喷淋塔的脱硫效率要比湍球塔小很多,有时只有湍球塔的1/2左右。     

含二甲胺工业废水的回收及再利用技术研究

为了消除工业二甲胺废水带来的巨大污染,使其达到回收利用的目的,利用精馏技术,采用BH型高效填料作为分离介质,连续从废水中脱除二甲胺,并将塔顶二甲胺提浓。结果表明,采用本技术可使塔顶二甲胺提浓至47%(质量百分含量),达到满足40%二甲胺水溶液质量要求的目的;塔釜二甲胺含量降低至≤50 mg/L,此水可作皮革工业生产回用水。由于含二甲胺废水经处理后可以全部回收利用,表明该高效精馏技术用于清洁生产中具有可靠性和实用性。     

内循环泡沫浮选塔间歇分离含镉废水

为强化气液传质,提出了泡沫塔对泡沫分离性能影响的研究,并为此设计了在泡沫塔内加内循环套筒的泡沫分离塔。结果表明,与没有加内循环套管的常规塔相比,通过FT-IR检测分析,内循环塔性能明显优于常规塔。在间歇分离条件下,研究在内循环塔内处理含镉废水,探讨pH、LAS、停留时间、气泡大小等因素对镉去除率的影响。确定最佳处理条件为:pH=4.0,LAS=65 mg/L,塔内停留时间大于20 min,气体流量为250 mL/min,在此最佳实验条件下,镉的去除率可达99.9%以上,此时的镉质量浓度为10 mg/L。表面活性剂协同效应实验结果表明,在加入阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵时,会形成一个二元表面活性剂协同效应区。