Decomposition and phosphorus release from four different size fractions of Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China

Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus,during bacteria play an important role.A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu,China,a lake that is suffering from dense Microcystis blooms.The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NAN_3.The highest decomposition rates were reco...     

太湖蓝藻水华期间水体和底泥中产毒微囊藻与非产毒微囊藻种群丰度研究

运用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,QPCR)技术研究了太湖蓝藻水华期间不同湖区水体和底泥中产毒微囊藻与总微囊藻种群丰度.结果表明,湖区间产毒微囊藻种群和总微囊藻种群丰度明显不同:在水体中,竺山湾(N5)和梅梁湾(N2)产毒微囊藻和总微囊藻种群丰度高于贡湖湾(N4)和湖心(S4...     

太湖不同湖区冬季沉积物细菌群落多样性

为了探究太湖不同营养水平湖区冬季沉积物细菌群落多样性,利用高通量测序对太湖水草区、湖心区和河口区共9个采样点表层沉积物细菌的16S rRNA基因进行序列测定.结果发现：不同湖区的物种丰富度和均匀度为水草区 > 湖心区 > 河口区;不同湖区优势细菌群落组成存在差异.其中,硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）2类门水平优势细菌以及厌氧绳菌纲（Anaerolineae）和硝化螺菌纲（Nitrospira）2类纲水平优势细菌在不同湖区之间差异显著.冬季太湖沉积物细菌优势类群为绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria）和硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）;在属分类水平上,主要优势类群为unidentified_Chloroplast和微囊藻属（Microcystis）.Cyanobacteria和Microcystis在所有采样点均有检出,平均丰度均以湖心区最高.对沉积物细菌群落与环境因子的关系进行冗余分析,结果表明：营养盐水平、水温和pH值均能影响沉积物细菌群落结构,NO₃^--N和水温是Microcystis的主要影响因子.     

荷花不同部位浸出液对3种淡水藻类生长的影响

文章探讨了荷花不同部位(茎和叶)浸出液对铜绿微囊藻、蛋白核小球藻及四尾栅藻生长的影响,为利用荷花化感物质减少湖泊富营养化提供基础。结果表明荷花不同部位的浸出液对3种藻类均有抑制作用,荷花叶浸出液抑制效果好于荷花茎浸出液。荷花不同部位浸出液对藻类的半浓度效应(EC5)0各不相同,荷花叶浸出液对四尾栅藻的EC50为4.21 g/L,抑制效果最好;铜绿微囊藻及蛋白核小球藻的EC50值分别为5.35 g/L、9.92 g/L;荷花茎浸出液对铜绿微囊藻、蛋白核小球藻及四尾栅藻的EC50值分别为9.52 g/L、7.28 g/L、6.90 g/L。     

HgCl2对太湖不同季节优势藻生长的影响

为探讨HgCl₂对不同季节湖泊生态系统的影响,以太湖不同季节优势藻——舟形藻(冬季)和惠氏微囊藻(夏季)为对象,研究不同浓度的HgCl₂对2种优势藻生长的影响以及2种藻对HgCl₂的吸附能力. 结果表明:舟形藻对HgCl₂暴露刺激比惠氏微囊藻更为敏感,在c(HgCl₂)为1×10-9~1×10-7 mol/L的范围内,HgCl₂对惠氏微囊藻的生长表现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的效应;而对舟形藻则表现出明显的抑制作用,并且抑制作用随着c(HgCl₂)的升高而更加明显. 吸附试验结果表明,惠氏微囊藻对HgCl₂的吸附率为88.4%~98.8%,舟形藻为87.1%~97.5%,并且吸附率和吸附量均随着c(HgCl₂)的升高而逐渐增大,说明这2种藻对HgCl₂都有极高的吸附效应. 吸附了HgCl₂的藻成为一个潜在的汞蓄积库,可对水环境产生危害.      

外源性稀土La和Ce对几种淡水微藻生长影响的研究

通过模拟培养实验,研究了不同质量浓度的稀土元素La3+和Ce3+对2种产地的微囊藻以及月牙藻增殖的影响.结果表明低质量浓度的La3+和Ce3+对2种微囊藻的刺激作用明显大于对月牙藻的刺激作用,说明稀土元素La3+和Ce3+在湖泊中的富集可能改变湖泊种群结构,有利于微囊藻在湖泊中形成优势种;高质量浓度的La3+和Ce3+对3种藻均有抑制生长的作用,当La3+和Ce3+的质量浓度为50.0 mg/L时,微囊藻的生长繁殖完全被抑制.     

Stable-isotope probing of bacterial community for dissolved inorganic carbon utilization in Microcystis aeruginosa-dominated eutrophic water

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an important source of carbon in aquatic ecosystems, especially under conditions of increased frequency of cyanobacterial bloom. However, the importance of bacteria in direct or indirect utilization of DIC has been widely overlooked in eutrophic freshwater. To identify the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater during cyanobacterial bloom, stable-isotope probing (SIP) experiments were conducted on eutrophic river water with or without inoculation with cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa). Our 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed the significance of Betaproteobacteria, with similar relative abundance as Alphaproteobacteria, in the active assimilation of H¹³CO₃^? into their DNA directly or indirectly, which include autotrophic genera Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Other bacterial groups containing autotrophic members, e.g. Planctomycetes and Nitrospira, also presented higher abundance among free-living bacteria in water without cyanobacteria. Microcystis aggregates showed a preference for some specific bacterial members that may utilize H¹³CO₃^? metabolized by Microcystis as organic matter, e.g. Bacteroidetes (Cytophagales, Sphingobacteriales), and microcystin-degrading bacteria Betaproteobacteria (Paucibacter/Burkholderiaceae). This study provides some valuable information regarding the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater.     

山仔水库沉积物蓝藻复苏试验研究

采用正交试验考察了温度、光照、营养盐和物理扰动4个因素对山仔水库冬季沉积物中蓝藻复苏的影响,每个因素设置两个水平,培养周期为6 d,并以蓝藻复苏量为考察指标.结果表明,温度和光照为蓝藻复苏的主要影响因子,上覆水体的营养盐、物理扰动对沉积物中蓝藻门复苏的影响作用不显著,不同的蓝藻种属对温度和光照条件的响应程度不完全一致,蓝藻门微囊藻属(Microcystis)对温度和光照的复苏响应显著,颤藻属(Oscillatoria)仅对温度的复苏响应显著.同时,通过设置6.0~16.0 ℃之间6个温度梯度及50和2000 lx两个光照梯度,进行了沉积物柱状样复苏模拟实验.结果显示,山仔水库冬季沉积物微囊藻属和颤藻属在10 ℃左右开始复苏,微囊藻属对光的敏感性使其更容易处于优势地位.     

沉水植物黑藻腐解对微囊藻休眠体复苏的影响

模拟沉水植物黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)生物量(以湿质量计)分别为0、10、25和50 g时,在17℃下腐解过程中对微囊藻(Microcystis)休眠体复苏的影响,并通过测定沉积物和上覆水的理化指标,探究腐解过程中环境因素的变化及其对微囊藻复苏的影响.为期84 d的腐解试验结果显示,沉水植物黑藻的腐解对微囊藻休眠体复苏具有抑制作用,且黑藻生物量越高抑制作用越强.另外,水体及沉积物中的TN、TP和总有机物含量,沉积物表面的光照强度及pH均随黑藻的腐解时间及黑藻生物量的不同而变化.黑藻的腐解会使沉积物中w(TN)升高;与无黑藻组相比,黑藻生物量越多释放到上覆水中的TN越多,但由于沉积物的吸附及微生物的作用,各试验组中上覆水ρ(TN)呈逐渐下降趋势;黑藻的腐解引起沉积物w(TP)显著升高,并在短时间内造成上覆水中ρ(TP)增加,64 d后复原到初始水平;沉积物及水体中的总有机物含量呈先升后降的趋势,在腐解后期水体中ρ(TOC)基本恢复到初始水平.在腐解过程中抑制微囊藻复苏生长的因素可能包括ρ(TP)的升高及光照强度和pH降低.      

Phytoplankton community from Lake Taihu, China, has dissimilar responses to inorganic and organic nutrients

To evaluate the response of phytoplankton from Lake Taihu to di erent types of nutrients, the phytoplankton responses were measured after adding inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) or decomposed algal scum (Microcystis spp.) into the lake water. Both types of nutrients promoted an increase in phytoplankton biomass as determined by chlorophyll a and algal wet weight. The addition of decomposed algal scum resulted in a significantly greater phytoplankton response than the addition of inorganic N and P alone. The dissolved inorganic N and P in the inorganic nutrient treatment were found not limit phytoplankton growth. The higher algal biomass obtained in the treatment with decomposed algal scum indicated the importance of other organic nutrients besides N and P such as trace elements, as well as the importance of the form of N since the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N) from the decomposed algal treatment were actually higher than that of the inorganic N and P addition. Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria), Scenedesmus spp. (Chlorophyta) and Synechocystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) were the dominant taxa in the control, inorganic N and P treatment, and the decomposed algal scum treatment, respectively. Microcystis never bloomed in response to both types of nutrient additions indicating that the bloom propagation is not solely related to nutrient additions, but may be related to the absence of selective grazing from zooplankton.     

富营养化湖泊藻华腐解产生的溶解性有机质动态变化及其环境效应

富营养化和有害藻华是湖泊面临的主要环境问题,富营养化湖泊藻华在后期会发生衰亡和腐解并产生大量藻源溶解性有机质（DOM）,影响水体DOM的质量和活性,并对关键元素的生物地球化学循环产生重要调控作用.为探究不同富营养化程度湖泊水体藻华腐解过程,对藻华腐解过程中水体DOM总量、生物有效性、相对分子质量和组分的动态变化进行分析,并探讨了藻华腐解引发的环境效应.结果表明,藻华腐解显著提高DOM浓度、生物有效性和各荧光组分强度.随着腐解的进行,DOM浓度逐渐降低,而相对分子质量逐渐增大.在分子水平上,超高分辨率质谱结果显示腐解过程中不饱和烃和脂肪族化合物优先被微生物利用,并生成木质素、缩合烃和高O/C值的单宁酸等惰性分子.藻华腐解过程中细菌群落主要优势种从变形菌门（46%）逐渐变为拟杆菌门（42%）.此外,藻华腐解还导致水体CO₂和CH₄排放显著升高1.2~5倍,且排放量可以由DOM光学指标a₂₅₄预测.该结果为全面揭示藻华腐解过程中DOM特征的动态变化,以及湖泊富营养化治理和环境效应预测提供理论依据和科学支撑.     

一株溶藻菌株的分离鉴定及溶藻特性

从某湖泊中分离出一株具有溶藻作用的菌株W4,并且研究了该菌株溶解铜绿微囊藻的作用效果、作用方式以及铜绿微囊藻与溶藻菌株所处生长期对溶藻效果的影响,并对溶藻菌株进行了生理生化鉴定.结果表明,该菌株对铜绿微囊藻具有很好的去除效果,加入特定量的菌株培养液,8d后铜绿微囊藻的去除率可达99.5%.该菌株通过间接作用方式溶解铜绿微囊藻,并且该菌株分泌的抑藻活性物质为非蛋白质类物质.菌株W4对铜绿微囊藻的溶解作用受藻细胞所处生长期的影响,但不受该菌株所处生长期的影响.根据形态特征及生理生化试验初步鉴定W4菌株为链霉菌属.     

Phylogenetic diversity and specificity of bacteria associated with Microcystis aeruginosa and other cyanobacteria

Interactions between bacteria and cyanobacteria have been suggested to have a potential to influence harmful algal bloom dynamics; however, little information on these interactions has been reported. In this study, the bacterial communities associated with five strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, three species of other Microcystis spp., and four representative species of non-Microcystis cyanobacteria were compared. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were amplified and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) followed by DNA sequence analysis. The similarities among bacterial communities associated with these cyanobacteria were compared to the digitized DGGE profiles using the cluster analyses. The bacterial community structure of all cyanobacterial cultures di ered. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity values among M. aeruginosa cultures were higher than those of other cyanobacterial cultures. Sequence analysis of DGGE fragments indicated the presence of bacteria including, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in the cyanobacterial cultures. Members of the Sphingomonadales were the prevalent group among the Microcystis-associated bacteria. The results provided further evidence for species-specific associations between cyanoabcteria and heterotrophic bacteria, which are useful for understanding interactions between Microcystis and their associated bacteria.     

暗光缺氧条件下微囊藻的存活及胞内物质释放

蓝藻水华爆发期间,沉降至底泥-水界面的蓝藻会面临暗光缺氧胁迫.为研究沉降蓝藻的存活及释放物,模拟暗光缺氧条件,利用不同生长期的微囊藻进行了一系列的实验.结果表明,微囊藻可以在暗光缺氧条件下存活至少6d,释放的溶解性有机碳达到1.86mg C/mg Chl a.不同生长期对微囊藻的存活和释放物产生影响,其中培养55d的微囊藻存活时间最长,培养28d的微囊藻溶解性有机碳的释放量最高.本研究证实暗光缺氧条件下,微囊藻能够存活一段时间并释放有机碳,且存活时间和有机碳释放量与微囊藻生长期相关.     

几种捕食性微小动物对铜绿微囊藻及孟氏浮游蓝丝藻生长的抑制作用

为了探索治理蓝藻水华的方法,利用大型湖泊模拟装置,研究了几种捕食性微小动物(僧帽触口虫、红眼轮虫、红斑飘体虫、多刺裸腹溞以及点滴虫等)对铜绿微囊藻及孟氏浮游蓝丝藻生长的抑制作用以及人造根对微小动物的作用.结果表明,僧帽触口虫有较强的生存能力,对孟氏浮游蓝丝藻的控制有明显作用;点滴虫对铜绿微囊藻有很强的捕食能力,可以有效控制其生长;点滴虫与僧帽触口虫的联合应用,对控制蓝藻水华有重要作用;人造根系有利于微小动物的生长,其对点滴虫的作用小于对僧帽触口虫的作用.     

滇池水华特征及成因分析

滇池水华的规模大,持续时间长。水华的主要种类是蓝藻门的微囊藻属,其中以铜绿微囊藻占绝对优势。每年4～11月为水华发生期,常在外草海南部、海埂、灰湾一带形成大面积水华,盛时可遍及全湖,水体表层藻类叶绿素含量高达5 000 mg/m3。滇池水体中高含量的N和P营养物在水华的形成中起着关键作用,适宜的温度及充足的光照为水华的频发提供了有利条件,并且随着滇池富营养化的加剧及水温逐年升高,将促使水华暴发日趋严重。      

太湖北部水体溶解性氨基酸分布特征及其环境意义

为探讨溶解性氨基酸(DAAs)在太湖水体中作为指示有机质来源及降解特征生物标记物的可能性,对太湖北部不同水域2种分子量级(胶体态:1kDa~0.5mm;真溶解态:<1kDa)的DAAs的空间分布、分子量分布、组成变化及对DOM的相对贡献等方面进行了调查研究.结果表明,太湖水体DAAs大多数以真溶解态存在,平均占DAAs的90%.不同湖区DAAs的含量及分子量组成不同,梅梁湾污染河口区、中心区、湾口区及太湖湖心区DAAs的含量分别为14.5, 34.7, 59.8, 24.0nmol/L,其中真溶解态的比例分别为94%, 88%, 89%及90%. DAAs的空间分布说明太湖的浮游生物内源是太湖DAAs的主要来源.组氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸是现存的主要氨基酸.氨基酸的成分变化能反映有机质从高分子量向低分子量转变的降解趋势,可作为指示溶解性有机质(DOM)降解的生物标记物.氨基酸碳(AA-C)与溶解性有机碳(DOC)的比值可以作为DOM生物降解性的评价参数,反映湖泊水体中与生物活性相关的DOM动态变化.     

太湖浮游植物生物量的周期性变化

于2002年定点观测了太湖梅梁湾水体5个层位上的悬浮质和叶绿素含量,同时比较了太湖近6年的叶绿素和悬浮质检测结果.将叶绿素及其与悬浮质的比值的平均数作为对生物量的衡量指标.结果表明,浮游植物生物量呈现相同的多峰型变化,2个峰之间平均间隔约为50d.在太湖水华优势种微囊藻(Microcystis spp.)室内分解试验的基础上,检测到的生物量波动周期与微囊藻细胞分解和生长过程所需的时间之和(43～50d)是一致的.讨论了生物量波动周期与多种环境因子的相关性.     

程海冬季水华特征、成因与控制对策

报道了程海冬季水华发生时间、分布、聚集状况、优势种和现存量。认为：营养物质积累、特殊的水动力、适宜的水温和光照是刺激铜绿微囊藻水华暴发的原因,近期应采取流域生态系统管理、削减污染物入湖量、增强生态系统功能三方面的控制对策减轻水华危害。     

南太湖入湖口2008～2009浮游植物及营养现状评价

对2008年9月～2009年8月南太湖入湖口浮游植物进行调查,结果显示,南太湖入湖口6个点位浮游植物共有8门93种,其中中营养化和富营养化藻种占45%左右。典型的富营养化水体指示藻类微囊藻和隐藻在1#～6#点位均为优势种。基于Shannon-Veaner指数和Pielou指数并结合同期水质类别结果判定：1#～6#为无污染。