典型石化废水达标排放处理技术综合评估

构建了基于层次分析法（AHP）和标杆法（BM）的水污染控制技术混合评估模型,并以石化废水达标排放处理技术为例,确定了包含3项一级指标、8项二级指标和14项三级指标的评估指标体系和指标权重。以5种典型石化废水达标排放处理技术工艺为评估对象,获得技术、经济、环境单项评估指数和综合评估指数。评估结果表明,“隔油+气浮+A/O-PACT”和“隔油+气浮+MBBR+催化臭氧氧化+BAF”两种技术工艺综合指数较高。实际应用时,还应根据工程实际情况对指标权重进行调整,因地制宜地选择合适的废水达标排放处理技术工艺。     

石化行业泄漏检测与修复评估指标体系的建立与应用

泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)是国际上通用的减少石化行业VOCs无组织排放的技术方法。在对天津市60套石化化工装置进行LDAR核查评估及专家咨询的基础上,将层次分析法(AHP)与模糊综合评价法(FCE)相结合,建立了一个4层次24个指标的评估指标体系,通过AHP确定指标权重,利用FCE进行模糊综合评分。以甲、乙两石化企业为例进行LDAR评估指标体系的验证,结果表明,该指标体系评估结果与实际LDAR核查评估结果一致,具有良好的实际应用价值。     

燃煤电厂灰场环评技术评估中存在的问题与建议

在比较我国一般工业固体废物贮存处置场、生活垃圾填埋、危险废物贮存和危险废物填埋污染控制标准的基础上,结合欧共体和德国对固体废物的分类和填埋要求、德国灰场的防渗实例和我国燃煤电厂实际运行灰场对地下水的环境影响,分析了《一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准》(GB 18599-2001)存在的问题,并建议在干灰场环评技术评估中,燃煤电厂的灰渣和脱硫石膏除非按GB 5086规定方法进行浸出试验获得的浸出液中第一类污染物超过GB 8978最高允许排放浓度外,均应按第I类一般工业固体废物处理;同时对燃煤电厂的干灰场场址选择等方面的环保要求提出了建议.     

Application of interval 2-tuple linguistic MULTIMOORA method for health-care waste treatment technology evaluation and selection

The management of health-care waste (HCW) is a major challenge for municipalities, particularly in the cities of developing countries. Selection of the best treatment technology for HCW can be viewed as a complicated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem which requires consideration of a number of alternatives and conflicting evaluation criteria. Additionally, decision makers often use different linguistic term sets to express their assessments because of their different backgrounds and preferences, some of which may be imprecise, uncertain and incomplete. In response, this paper proposes a modified MULTIMOORA method based on interval 2-tuple linguistic variables (named ITL-MULTIMOORA) for evaluating and selecting HCW treatment technologies. In particular, both subjective and objective importance coefficients of criteria are taken into consideration in the developed approach in order to conduct a more effective analysis. Finally, an empirical case study in Shanghai, the most crowded metropolis of China, is presented to demonstrate the proposed method, and results show that the proposed ITL-MULTIMOORA can solve the HCW treatment technology selection problem effectively under uncertain and incomplete information environment.     

An LCA model for waste incineration enhanced with new technologies for metal recovery and application to the case of Switzerland

A process model of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and new technologies for metal recovery from combustion residues was developed. The environmental impact is modeled as a function of waste composition as well as waste treatment and material recovery technologies. The model includes combustion with a grate incinerator, several flue gas treatment technologies, electricity and steam production from waste heat recovery, metal recovery from slag and fly ash, and landfilling of residues and can be tailored to specific plants and sites (software tools can be downloaded free of charge). Application of the model to Switzerland shows that the treatment of one tonne of municipal solid waste results on average in 425 kg CO₂-eq. generated in the incineration process, and 54 kg CO₂-eq. accrue in upstream processes such as waste transport and the production of operating materials. Downstream processes, i.e. residue disposal, generates 5 kg CO₂-eq. Savings from energy recovery are in the range of 67 to 752 kg CO₂-eq. depending on the assumptions regarding the substituted energy production, while the recovery of metals from slag and fly ash currently results in a net saving of approximately 35 kg CO₂-eq. A similar impact pattern is observed when assessing the MSWI model for aggregated environmental impacts (ReCiPe) and for non-renewable resource consumption (cumulative exergy demand), except that direct emissions have less and no relevance, respectively, on the total score. The study illustrates that MSWI plants can be an important element of industrial ecology as they provide waste disposal services and can help to close material and energetic cycles.     

利用膜技术实现烟气脱硫吸收剂循环的研究

利用膜技术实现钠碱法脱硫吸收液的再生循环,流程简单,操作方便。通过介绍钠碱法脱硫吸收液再生原理,探讨了NaHSO3-Na2SO3溶液吸收与再生循环操作流程,分析了膜技术推广应用中存在的主要问题。     

燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”技术在环评技术评估中存在的问题与建议

介绍了国内外燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”技术的应用现状,阐述了我国已评估“烟塔合一”燃煤电厂的特点,重点对我国采用此技术的项目环评技术评估情况进行了分析,并针对评估中存在的预测结果不确定及复核困难、环境影响认识不统一等问题提出了相关建议。