洗车废水处理技术现状与展望

洗车废水中含有泥砂、油乳化液、有机物及洗涤剂类污染物质。在分析中，对洗车废水的水质进行了分类，并针对不同的水质，对国内的大型洗车场的处理工艺和小型洗车行的洗车废水回用工艺进行了介绍和分析，对国外采用膜工艺处理洗车废水的相关研究也进行了简要的介绍，同时提出了洗车废水的污泥处理问题。从社会、经济效益来看，洗车废水回用是必然趋势。现行的洗车废水回用处理工艺回用率低、处理效果不理想，采用高效、简单、实用、经济的原则进行设计，满足社会对洗车水回用的需求是未来洗车废水处理技术发展的要求。     

蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水处理工艺的研究

对蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水处理工艺进行了研究,并对比分析了不同的工艺组合流程对蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水的处理效果。结果表明,蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水处理在技术上是可行的,并提出推荐工艺流程。     

蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水处理工艺的研究

对蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水处理工艺进行了研究，并对比分析了不同的工艺组合流程对蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水的处理效果。结果表明，蒸汽驱采废水回用高压锅炉给水处理在技术上是可行的，并提出推荐工艺流程。     

铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用的应用研究

通过对一矿山的铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用工艺的分析,提出了对部分浮选废水直接回用,其余部分废水适度净化处理后再回用,使浮选废水100%回用于选矿生产的处理工艺,本工艺可达到使浮选废水的完全回用的目的,对国内众多的浮选企业提出了一种可行的废水处理方法。     

活性焦吸附对煤化工废水膜处理工艺的影响

煤化工废水经过生化处理后一般难以达到回用标准,须采用有效的深度处理工艺才能实现废水的资源化利用。通过对比研究方式,采用“混凝-超滤-反渗透工艺”及“混凝-活性焦吸附-超滤-反渗透”2种处理工艺,考察了活性焦吸附对后续膜处理工艺的影响。结果表明,活性焦对废水中的芳香族类等主要污染物具有很好的吸附性能,混凝出水经活性焦吸附后进人膜系统可有效减缓膜污染,降低膜通量的衰减程度并提高产水水质,因此,将活性焦吸附用于煤化工废水膜系统的前处理,采用“混凝-活性焦吸附-超滤-反渗透工艺”深度处理煤化工废水是有效可行的。     

铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用的应用研究

通过对一矿山的铅锌硫化矿浮选废水回用工艺的分析，提出了对部分浮选废水直接回用，其余部分废水适度净化处理后再回用，使浮选废水100％回用于选矿生产的处理工艺，本工艺可达到使浮选废水的完全回用的目的，对国内众多的浮选企业提出了一种可行的废水处理方法。     

微絮凝-直接过滤工艺用于东江流域典型印染废水回用的实验研究

以东莞地区某典型印染企业尾水为研究对象,针对东江流域饮用水源河流水质污染现状及纳污河流水质改善目标要求与企业对尾水回用的实际需求,进行了印染废水深度处理回用工艺的适用性研究.通过混凝烧杯实验,选用工业PACl、FeSO4、HPAC 3种药剂,对微絮凝-直接过滤集成工艺用于印染废水尾水深度处理后水质回用的可行性,进行了实...     

印染废水生物活性炭深度处理后的回用研究

介绍了将印染废水经生物活性炭深度处理后回用于印染小试实验中，进行布面质量比较，主要针对回用水质对前后工序的影响、染色深度对布面质量的影响、不同水质的影响、染色种类的影响等，并提出印染废水深度处理后的回用途径以及技术改进措施。     

UASB-好氧曝气-深度处理工艺处理聚酯废水和回用

介绍了气提-厌氧-好氧曝气-深度处理工艺在聚酯废水处理及回用技术中的实际应用,分析并总结了工程设计及运行的经验。实践表明,运用气提塔先对高浓度聚酯废水进行预处理,可以去除废水中大部分有机物,保证后续生化处理的稳定运行。经气提-厌氧-好氧曝气-深度处理后可以回用于生产过程中。该工艺具有运行稳定和处理效率高等优点,为企业带来了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

蜡染废水在线处理回用及热能回收工程实例

采用絮凝沉淀-ClO2脱色-砂滤-微波无极紫外光催化氧化工艺对青岛凤凰印染有限公司蜡染印花水洗废水进行处理,详细论述了该工艺的运行特点、处理及回用效果。结果表明,在进水COD及色度波动很大的情况下,处理后废水水质长期稳定达到COD100 mg/L,色度10倍,其他各项水质指标均可满足蜡染水洗工序的生产回用要求,并回收了水中的热能。废水回用率达80%,日节水200 t,节约热能折合成标准煤约为1 t,为印染行业完成节能20%,减排20%的总体目标提供了新的思路。     

Flotation in water and wastewater treatment and reuse: recent trends in Brazil

This paper summarises environmental applications of conventional and unconventional flotation to remove pollutants from waters. Emphasis is given to the design features of innovative inline reactors, namely the Flocs Generator Reactor and Flocculation-Flotation, and their applications for the flocculation and flotation in solid-liquid separations involving water (and wastewater) treatment and reuse. Applications are shown in potable water clarification, treatment and water reuse from car washing units and in the treatment of acid mine drainage. Results show that these inline flocculation (or flotation) separators have a great potential for water/wastewater treatment and reuse, especially in applications requiring high rate solid-liquid separations.     

SBR法降解高浓油脂废水的活性污泥菌驯化及小型连续处理

根据高浓度油脂废水生物降解处理采用酵母一级处理-SBR法二级处理的连续净化工艺的要求,使用规模为20 L的SBR反应器对城市生活污水处理用的活性污泥进行强制性驯化,并以驯化的活性污泥菌直接应用于SBR法处理含油废水.实验发现该小型SBR法的工艺技术方案可行,系统抗冲击负荷能力强,整个系统运行比较稳定,对于含高浓度油脂的油脂精练加工厂实际排放污水处理效果良好,油脂和COD的去除率分别连续稳定在95%和90%以上,出水水质指标达到国家一级排放标准的要求.     

SBR法降解高浓油脂废水的活性污泥菌驯化及小型连续处理

根据高浓度油脂废水生物降解处理采用酵母一级处理-SBR法二级处理的连续净化工艺的要求,使用规模为20 L的SBR反应器对城市生活污水处理用的活性污泥进行强制性驯化,并以驯化的活性污泥菌直接应用于SBR法处理含油废水.实验发现该小型SBR法的工艺技术方案可行,系统抗冲击负荷能力强,整个系统运行比较稳定,对于含高浓度油脂的油脂精练加工厂实际排放污水处理效果良好,油脂和COD的去除率分别连续稳定在95%和90%以上,出水水质指标达到国家一级排放标准的要求.     

宁波市城市污水处理厂污泥处置方案探讨

随着城市污水处理率提高导致的污水污泥产量的增长趋势也使得污水污泥的处理问题更为突出。在总结国内外城市污泥处置技术发展趋势的基础上,结合宁波市的实际情况,根据无害化、减量化和资源化的原则,提出城市污泥近远期处置方案,并对处置方案作出可行性分析。     

Utilization of urban sewage sludge: Chinese perspectives

Purpose

Urbanization and industrialization in China has resulted in a dramatic increase in the volume of wastewater and sewage sludge produced from wastewater treatment plants. Problems associated with sewage sludge have attracted increasing attention from the public and urban planners. How to manage sludge in an economically and environmentally acceptable manner is one of the critical issues that modern societies are facing.

Methods

Sludge treatment systems consist of thickening, dewatering, and several different alternative main treatments (anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, drying, composting, and incineration). Agricultural application, landfill, and incineration are the principal disposal methods for sewage sludge in China. However, sewage sludge disposal in the future should focus on resource recovery, reducing environmental impacts and saving economic costs.

Results

The reuse of biosolids in all scenarios can be environmentally beneficial and cost-effective. Anaerobic digestion followed by land application is the preferable options due to low economic and energy costs and material reuse.

Conclusion

It is necessary to formulate a standard suitable for the utilization of sewage sludge in China.     

Impact assessment of treated/untreated wastewater toxicants discharged by sewage treatment plants on health, agricultural, and environmental quality in the wastewater disposal area

Studies were undertaken to assess the impact of wastewater/sludge disposal (metals and pesticides) from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Jajmau, Kanpur (5 MLD) and Dinapur, Varanasi (80 MLD), on health, agriculture and environmental quality in the receiving/application areas around Kanpur and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India. The raw, treated and mixed treated urban wastewater samples were collected from the inlet and outlet points of the plants during peak (morning and evening) and non-peak (noon) hours. The impact of the treated wastewater toxicants (metals and pesticides) on the environmental quality of the disposal area was assessed in terms of their levels in different media samples viz., water, soil, crops, vegetation, and food grains. The data generated show elevated levels of metals and pesticides in all the environmental media, suggesting a definite adverse impact on the environmental quality of the disposal area. The critical levels of the heavy metals in the soil for agricultural crops are found to be much higher than those observed in the study areas receiving no effluents. The sludge from the STPs has both positive and negative impacts on agriculture as it is loaded with high levels of toxic heavy metals and pesticides, but also enriched with several useful ingredients such as N, P, and K providing fertilizer values. The sludge studied had cadmium, chromium and nickel levels above tolerable levels as prescribed for agricultural and lands application. Bio-monitoring of the metals and pesticides levels in the human blood and urine of the different population groups under study areas was undertaken. All the different approaches indicated a considerable risk and impact of heavy metals and pesticides on human health in the exposed areas receiving the wastewater from the STPs.     

Sewage sludge to landfill: some pertinent engineering properties

More stringent controls on the quality of wastewater discharges have given rise to increasing volumes of sewage sludge for disposal, principally to land, using either land-spreading or sludge-to-landfill operations. Current sludge-to-landfill methods generally involve mixing the concentrated sludge with other solid waste in municipal landfills. However, stricter waste disposal legislation and higher landfill taxes are forcing the water industry to look for more efficient disposal strategies. Landfill operators are also increasingly reluctant to accept sludge material in the slurry state because of construction difficulties and the potential for instability of the landfill slopes. The engineering and drying properties of a municipal sewage sludge are presented and applied, in particular, to the design, construction, and performance of sewage sludge monofills. Sludge handling and landfill construction are most effectively conducted within the water content range of 85% water content, the optimum water content for standard proctor compaction, and 95% water content, the sticky limit of the sludge material. Standard proctor compaction of the sludge within this water content range also achieves the maximum dry density of approximately 0.56 tonne/m3, which maximizes the storage capacity and, hence, the operational life of the landfill site. Undrained shear strength-water content data (pertinent to the stability of the landfill body during construction) and effective stress-strength parameters, which take into account the landfill age and the effects of ongoing sludge digestion, are presented. Landfill subsidence, which occurs principally because of creep and decomposition of the solid organic particles, is significant and continues indefinitely but at progressively slower rates.     

Sewage Sludge to Landfill: Some Pertinent Engineering Properties

Abstract

More stringent controls on the quality of wastewater discharges have given rise to increasing volumes of sewage sludge for disposal, principally to land, using either land-spreading or sludge-to-landfill operations. Current sludge-to-landfill methods generally involve mixing the concentrated sludge with other solid waste in municipal landfills. However, stricter waste disposal legislation and higher landfill taxes are forcing the water industry to look for more efficient disposal strategies. Landfill operators are also increasingly reluctant to accept sludge material in the slurry state because of construction difficulties and the potential for instability of the landfill slopes. The engineering and drying properties of a municipal sewage sludge are presented and applied, in particular, to the design, construction, and performance of sewage sludge monofills. Sludge handling and landfill construction are most effectively conducted within the water content range of 85% water content, the optimum water content for standard proctor compaction, and 95% water content, the sticky limit of the sludge material. Standard proctor compaction of the sludge within this water content range also achieves the maximum dry density of ～0.56 tonne/m³, which maximizes the storage capacity and, hence, the operational life of the landfill site. Undrained shear strength-water content data (pertinent to the stability of the landfill body during construction) and effective stress-strength parameters, which take into account the landfill age and the effects of ongoing sludge digestion, are presented. Landfill subsidence, which occurs principally because of creep and decomposition of the solid organic particles, is significant and continues indefinitely but at progressively slower rates.     

城市污水污泥固结体重金属浸出毒性及路用性能研究

城市污水污泥的重金属离子Pb、Zn超过国家固体废弃物排放最高允许值,属于危险废物。污水污泥的最佳出路是无害化处理,资源化利用,产业化发展。研究了以上海市污水污泥为原料,加入一定比例的固化剂和矿物掺合料使之固结,经养护满足路用强度性能,测试其固结体重金属离子浸出质量浓度亦满足国家固体废弃物排放标准,即污泥中的重金属离子得到有效的束缚和稳定固化,既解决了环境问题,又为污泥产业化发展开辟了新的途径。     

污水处理厂污泥无害化处置工艺探讨

随着当前的污泥处置技术的发展,在对污水处理厂污泥处置工艺经济可行性分析的基础上,按照因地制宜原则提出一种适宜于江阴市污水处理厂污泥无害化处置方案。即污泥经改性深度脱水至含水率50%以下,再送热电厂掺煤焚烧处置工艺路线。