硅酸钙吸附法预处理焦化废水中COD和NH3-N

焦化废水是一种典型的含有高污染、难降解有机物的高浓度工业废水,生物处理是目前处理焦化废水的核心技术.由于焦化废水高浓度污染物对微生物活性产生抑制作用,经生物处理后其COD及NH3-N等指标仍很难达标.因此,在进入生物处理系统前往往采用物理法或化学法对焦化废水进行预处理,使氰化物、COD及NH3-N等难降解物指标得到一定程度的降低,为后续生物处理降低负荷.     

白腐真菌-活性污泥联合处理棉浆黑液的研究

棉浆黑液是一类较难处理的工业有机废水,其中含有大量木质素,木质素不仅是化纤工业废水中主要污染物,而且也是造纸工业的副产物,由于得不到充分利用,变成环境污染物,严重污染了环境.因此,迫切需要一种高效低成本的处理方法来解决这一问题.为了有效处理化纤厂棉浆黑液,采用以白腐真菌糙皮侧耳(Pleutrotus ostreatus)B1为降解菌的鼓泡塔反应器与活性污泥法联合处理棉浆黑液,初步摸索可行的处理工艺并确定相关参数.棉浆黑液经鼓泡塔反应器预处理、活性污泥法后处理,废水COD去除率为94%～97%,出水COD低于国家污水三级排放标准(1 000 mg·L-1).将白腐真菌糙皮侧耳B1投加到活性污泥中,逐渐增加进水负荷,COD去除率为55%～83%,明显好于活性污泥单独处理工艺.实验结果表明了白腐真菌.活性污泥联合处理棉浆黑液是可行的.     

氯代芳香族化合物高效降解菌的驯化与筛选

为了筛选除解造纸废水中的氯代芳香族化合物的高效降解菌株,选用了造纸废水SBR处理系统的活性污泥作为菌源,采用平板分离池分离出18种菌株,并从中选出生长势态良好的11种,通过对废水中CODCr,TCl的降解效果试验,确定出以M3＋M8为组合的优势混合菌。     

应用生物强化技术处理焦化废水难降解有机物

通过驯化富集培养,从处理 经废水的活性污泥中分离出2株萘降解菌WN1、WN2和1株吡啶降解菌WB1,研究了投加高效菌种及微生物共代谢对 经废水生物处理的增强作用,同时研究了高效菌种和共代谢初级基质组合协同作用的效果。结果表明,投加共代谢初级基质、Fe^3 和高效菌种均能促进难降解有机物的降解,提高焦化废水COD去除率,当3者协同作用时,效果最好。     

光伏产业清洗剂废水低温生物处理

光伏产业清洗剂废水冬季生物处理难稳定达标.操作参数调控与工艺的优化组合对微生物活性的提高及清洗剂废水稳定达标处理的实现具有重要意义.本研究通过实验室摇瓶试验以COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)去除率、COD去除速率等为表征指标探究不同温度以及低温下p H、C/N(COD/NH_4~+-N)及处理工艺等对该废水生物处理效果的影响.结果显示,10℃下清洗剂废水生物处理效果受到明显抑制,21.5 h时COD去除率仅为49.7%,较30℃下降31.0%;偏碱性条件更利于该废水的处理.p H 8条件下COD去除率较p H为5.5时提高57.2%;初始C/N在8:1到32:1之间更利于该废水的处理.清洗剂废水在生物处理后期均出现降解停滞现象.进一步比较不同工艺下清洗剂废水的低温(15℃)处理效果,在15℃、p H 7-8和C/N 16:1条件下,相比活性污泥法,接触氧化法可将COD去除率提高7.5%左右;而两段式接触氧化法可将第二段处理中的COD去除率提高16.6%左右,最终出水达到污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)中的一级标准.本研究通过两段式接触氧化实现了清洗剂废水的有效处理,但是该废水的降解动力学及两段式接触氧化体系中的微生物低温降解机理还有待进一步的研究和验证.(图4表3参19)     

采油废水缺氧处理体系细菌和古细菌丰度对比

建立缺氧的模拟生物处理体系经过物化预处理的采油废水,利用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)跟踪了废水处理系统启动和稳定过程中真细菌和古细菌相对丰度的变化.结果表明,系统稳定后的COD去除率在40%左右.细菌和古细菌在采油废水生物处理系统中都有很高的比例,并呈现不同的变化趋势.细菌丰度在启动和稳定后维持在15%左右;而古细菌在系统稳定过程中呈现逐渐增加的趋势,比例上升到21%.表明古细菌可以在活性污泥系统中稳定存在并发挥作用,说明古细菌在特定污水处理上具有一定的研究和应用价值.图4表2参14     

复合高效微生物处理高含盐石油开采废水

石油开采废水中高含盐量对微生物处理有强抑制作用。有针对性地筛选驯化了耐盐复合高效处理菌群对大港油田石油开采废水进行有机物降解，在废水的氯离子含量为20000～36000mg／L，COD浓度l600～4000mg／L范围内，高含盐量对耐盐复合高效微生物无明显抑制作用，结合物化处理方法COD去除率稳定在90％左右，处理后水达到二级排放标准。     

“AB法”用于印染废水处理的研究获得成功

由清华大学环境工程系傅国伟教授主持组织的研究组将生物曝气氧化法(简称AB法)应用于印染废水的处理,所设计的印染废水处理工艺对难降解的COD十分有效,不仅比一般的活性污泥法COD总去除率提高10%～20%,使处理后出水水质全面达到污水综合排放标准,且处理效果稳定,曝气池体积减少41%.运行费少15%～20%,可免去营养剂和药剂消耗.     

可燃吸附剂从焦化废水中分离潜热实现低能耗工艺的实验研究——以活性炭为例

以活性炭和焦化废水为例,将吸附废水尾水的粉末活性炭(PAC)分离,再吸附原水,从吸附过程和投加量考察COD的去除,运用GC/MS对吸附过程的微观组分进行解析,再进行燃烧热值测定.研究结果表明,针对尾水选择合适粉末活性炭,少量投加即可使出水COD达标排放;吸附尾水时主要去除生物系统难以降解的有机组分,再吸附原水时,对酚类物质、氮杂环化合物以及多环芳烃类都具有显著的效果,表现出非选择性,吸附过程完全受控于高浓度组分;单位废水可提供的热值Qw=(45.990±3.521)×Cm,吸附原水有机物的活性炭,其燃烧热值有显著提高,增量ΔQ由ΔQ=(45.990±3.521)×(Cm-Ce)×V决定.针对高浓度难降解的工业有机废水,上述工艺通过能源回收的方式可实现工程造价与运行费用的显著降低.     

物化预处理-水解酸化-接触氧化法处理选矿废水

对某浮选厂浮选废水进行混凝沉淀+活性碳吸附预处理,然后进入生化系统,厌氧池、好氧池停留时间为10h.结果证明:进水COD为400～700mg/L,出水74～145 mg/L,去除率达75.8%以上,首次成功地将生物法应用到铅锌选矿废水的处理,若对该工艺进行适当调整,完全可以使出水达到排放或回用标准.     

用总有机碳浓度表达活性污泥反应动力学的研究

本研究对废水活性污泥法处理中常用指标ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５、ＭＬＶＳＳ与总有机磷指标的相关性进行了探讨。     

Enhancement of activated sludge performance on ammonium removal by clinoptilolite

This study evaluated the influence of clinoptilolite on the performance of activated sludge system shocked by high concentration of ammonium. The ammonium and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from the experimental reactor containing clinoptilolite and from the clinoptilolite-free control reactor was determined. The ammonium and COD removal was approximately 8 and 20% higher in the experimental reactor than in the control reactor, respectively. The removal increased with an increase in clinoptilolite concentration over the tested range up to 50?mg?L^?1. The presence of clinoptilolite resulted in the sludge flocs being more compacted with smoother surfaces and edges. Molecular biological analysis revealed that clinoptilolite increased the DNA diversity, richness, and evenness of sludge microbes. The enhanced-performance activated sludge previously treated with clinoptilolite was less influenced by the shock of ammonium than non-treated sludge in terms of the ammonium and COD removal. These results suggest that clinoptilolite enhanced the performance of activated sludge system in the removal of ammonium and COD. Amendment of activated sludge with natural zeolites may thus improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment.     

Systematic characterization and chemical treatment of olive oil mill wastewater

Classic and centrifugal olive oil mill wastewater volumes of 1.18 and 1.68m³/Mg olives and corresponding polluting loads of 37 and 53 Kg BOD₅ and 82 and 121 Kg COD/Mg olives were established in a systematic study of 15 mills. Lime treatment at an optimum pH level near 11 requiring a dose less than 10g/l effected COD removals from 15 to 22% for classic and from 33 to 46% for centrifugal mill waste. The volume of resulting sludge was large and could not be adequately handled by sedimentation; the sludge had good dewatering characteristics and was amenable to simple straining. Excess lime treatment using up to 50 g/l lime offered little additional benefit.     

改性活性氧化铝除磷性能的试验

为提高活性氧化铝对废水中磷的去除效果,以硫酸铝为改性剂,采用浸渍法对其进行改性;测定了改性前后活性氧化铝的比表面积及孔容孔径;考察了吸附时间、pH、废水初始浓度、改性剂投加量等因素对去除废水中磷的影响;探讨了改性活性氧化铝对磷的吸附机理.结果表明,改性后活性氧化铝的比表面积为398.364 m2/g,提高了14.22%...     

Treatment of soybean wastewater by a wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides and to produce protein under natural conditions

The conventional treatment method of soybean wastewater is expensive and generates waste sludge that requires further handling. Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) wastewater treatment is a clean technology and can generate single cell protein while degrading pollutants. A wild strain of PNSB, Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08, was isolated from local soil and was used to treat soybean wastewater. To develop a cost-effective process, the work was performed under natural conditions without artificial light, aeration, nutrients addition, or pH and temperature adjustment. The results showed that the wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08 could grow well under natural conditions. The growth curve showed two quick-growth periods and a turning point. The Z08 treatment of soybean wastewater was zero order reaction and COD reduction was 96% after 10 d. The major byproducts of the process were C2-C5 organic acids, predominantly butyric acid. No alcohol was found in the effluent. The initial COD/bacterial-mass ratio (F/M) had a significant effect on soybean wastewater treatment efficiency. When the initial F/M was lower than 10 mg-COD/mg-bacteria, a sufficient amount of time to achieve 90% of COD reduction was only three days. The Z08 biomass yield was 0.28g·g⁻¹, and the bacterial protein content was 52%.     

Sludge reduction during brewery wastewater treatment by hydrolyzation-food chain reactor system

During brewery wastewater treatment by a hydrolyzation-food chain reactor (FCR) system, sludge was recycled to the anaerobic segment. With the function of hydrolyzation acidification in the anaerobic segment and the processes of aerobic oxidation and antagonism, predation, interaction and symbiosis among microbes in multilevel oxidation segment, residual sludge could be reduced effectively. The 6-month dynamic experiments show that the average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ratio was 92.6% and average sludge production of the aerobic segment was 8.14%, with the COD of the influent at 960–1720 mg/L and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. Since the produced sludge could be recycled and hydrolyzed in the anaerobic segment, no excess sludge was produced during the steady running for this system.     

沸石生物联合吸附再生工艺及铵沸石再生

简述了沸石生物联合吸附再生的工艺原理,重点讨论吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的生物再生.结果表明,沸石和液相之间的NH 4是一种动态的离子交换平衡,污水的电导率对吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的NH 4解吸量有明显的影响;污水中阳离子对吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的再生率可达40%-50%,在微生物的硝化作用下可达94%.沸石生物联合吸附再生工艺中,吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的再生是"化学再生"和"生物再生"相结合的过程,生物硝化作用促进了沸石相中NH 4的解吸.     

干扰素生产废水处理试验及生物相分析

采用水解酸化与生物接触氧化组合工艺对干扰素生产废水进行试验研究,并考察其处理效果,观察生物接触氧化工艺中生物相。结果表明：该组合工艺对出水COD的去除率大于90%,出水COD低于40 mg/L,且运行稳定后生物接触氧化槽中污泥浓度较低。对生物相的显微镜观察可知生物接触氧化槽中生物相种类以藻类为主。     

臭氧污泥减量过程中混合液各参数的变化

实验用污泥的初始浓度(MLSS)分别限定为4g/L、7g/L和11g/L,用以探讨不同浓度下臭氧氧化过程中COD、N和P浓度的变化。结果表明:臭氧氧化过程中,MLSS和MLVSS基本呈线性下降;臭氧对污泥细胞的溶解可以引起混合液中COD、N和P浓度的升高,升高速率受污泥浓度和臭氧浓度影响较大;TKN和硝态氮是N的主要存在形式,TKN和TN随时间均呈先增加后趋缓的变化规律;臭氧对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮有较强的氧化能力,二者浓度均呈先增大后减小的规律;而硝酸盐氮呈一直增加趋势;臭氧对COD的氧化也很明显,表现为COD的增加速率随氧化时间的增加而不断降低;总磷的浓度基本呈线性增加,单位质量污泥的总磷释放量差异不大;臭氧对MLSS的彻底减量会引起臭氧溶胞利用率的降低,因此应该合理控制臭氧化反应的时间。     

Possible solutions for sludge dewatering in China

In China, over 1.43×10⁷ tons of dewatered sewage sludge, with 80% water content, were generated from wastewater treatment plants in 2007. About 60% of the COD removed during the wastewater treatment process becomes concentrated as sludge. Traditional disposal methods used by municipal solid waste treatment facilities, such as landfills, composting, or incineration, are unsuitable for sludge disposal because of its high water content. Disposal of sludge has therefore become a major focus of current environmental protection policies. The present status of sludge treatment and disposal methodology is introduced in this paper. Decreasing the energy consumption of sludge dewatering from 80% to 50% has been a key issue for safe and economic sludge disposal. In an analysis of sludge water distribution, thermal drying and hydrothermal conditioning processes are compared. Although thermal drying could result in an almost dry sludge, the energy consumption needed for this process is extremely high. In comparison, hydrothermal technology could achieve dewatered sewage sludge with a 50%–60% water content, which is suitable for composting, incineration, or landfill. The energy consumption of hydrothermal technology is lower than that required for thermal drying.