船舶混合锂离子电池储能系统功率分配研究

目的提高极端海况下船舶的适航性和动力性。方法针对能量型和功率型锂离子电池不同工作特性,设计半主动式船舶混合锂离子电池储能系统拓扑结构,提出基于模糊控制理论的功率分配策略,并根据锂离子电池荷电状态(StateofCharge,SOC),限制其最大充放电电流。结果提出的控制策略可充分发挥钴酸锂电池的功率特性和磷酸铁锂电池的能量特性,直流母线电压波纹小于2%。结论在极端海况下,船舶混合锂离子电池储能系统可减少磷酸铁锂电池放电循环次数和放电深度,延长磷酸铁锂电池组的使用寿命,平抑脉冲负载扰动,提高船舶电网稳定性。     

轻度混合动力船舶储能系统研究

优化了传统复合储能系统的拓扑结构与功率分配控制策略,发挥磷酸铁锂电池能量密度大、超级电容功率密度大寿命长的优势,有助于延长磷酸铁锂电池使用寿命,减少了不必要的设计冗余,降低系统成本。     

极地科考船舶储能系统热管理模块设计

目的设计一种适用于极地科考船储能系统的锂离子电池组热管理模块,以降低低温对电池性能的影响,并延长其使用寿命。方法通过实验获得高寒环境下锂离子电池电气特性参数,明确高寒条件下热管理模块的功能需求。在此基础上进行热管理模块硬件设计及策略开发,并搭建电池低温测试实验平台进行验证。结果将-35℃环境温度下电池表面温度预热至0℃,以低倍率放电时,电池的可用容量可提升至额定容量的34.7%,并且提高预热温度能够增加电池的可用容量。结论该热管理模块能够有效地对锂离子电池组进行热管理,提高高寒环境下科考船储能系统的可用容量。     

时变温度环境下锂离子电池自适应SOC估计方法

目的针对低温环境下锂离子电池特性显著变化问题,为大规模锂离子电池组在极地科考船混合动力系统上的应用提供理论依据,方法对10 Ah高功率三元镍钴锰酸锂电池低温特性展开实验研究,结合实验数据,利用基于遗忘因子的递推最小二乘算法(FFRLS)分别与两种改进的卡尔曼滤波算法(AEKF、UKF)组成的串联观测器在线估计电池荷电状态(SOC)。结果在25～-30℃时变温度环境的改进DST工况下,FFRLS-AEKF算法的SOC估计精度略高于FFRLS-UKF算法,其最大估计误差为3.04%,均方根误差为0.69%。结论相比EKF与RLS-EKF算法,更好的模型参数与噪声信息的自适应性使FFRLS-AEKF算方法有更高的SOC估计精度与收敛性。     

深度脱水污泥好氧堆肥中多环芳烃的含量与风险削减研究

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)是影响污泥安全资源化的重要因素.以无机药剂调理的深度脱水污泥有利于污泥的好氧堆肥处置,但对于该处置过程中深度脱水污泥PAHs的降解和风险削减尚缺乏认识.主要以复合铝镁盐调理的深度脱水污泥为对象,分析不同好氧堆肥条件下污泥中PAHs的含量、来源和风险,以明确好氧堆肥工艺过程对风险有机物的削减效果及潜在影响因素.通过气相色谱-质谱仪、特征比值法和风险熵法分析污泥中美国EPA优先控制的16种PAHs的含量、来源和风险,重点考察了深度脱水污泥在好氧堆肥前后PAHs含量和风险变化.结果表明：(1)16种PAHs在6组污泥中均有检出,其总量范围为777.78～1 878.38 ng/g,组成以中高环芳烃为主,主要来源为石油污染和燃烧的混合源.(2)堆肥28 d后6组污泥中PAHs的去除率分别为37.66%、54.29%、12.38%、15.40%、56.78%和34.25%,表明添加颗粒大的返混料或辅料更有利于PAHs的降解.(3)污泥中的PAHs整体处于中低风险,好氧堆肥后除组1的苯并[a]芘和组2的芴由低风...     

星用镉镍蓄电池组的充退磁效果研究

目的研究国内低轨道卫星常用的储能电源镉镍蓄电池组的充退磁效应。方法在零磁场环境下,研究不同的充退磁参数(强度、频率、波形等)与充退磁效果的关系,考察其抗磁污染的能力以及不同的退磁场对其磁效应的影响。结果镉镍蓄电池组比较容易充磁,退磁强度为4.5 m T,频率为1.5 Hz,三方向退磁效果比较好。结论提出了适合镉镍蓄电池组的充退磁参数,提高了航天器部件磁试验的可靠性。     

磷酸铁锂电池不同应用场景的生命周期评价

为评估磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池梯次应用的生命周期环境影响,设定直接应用和梯次应用2个应用场景,采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对应用场景生命周期各阶段的环境影响及其贡献进行分析.功能单位设定为应用总容量1GWh的LFP电池作为通讯基站(CBS)储能电池,循环寿命为800次.结果表明,2个应用场景的环境影响热点均为储能应用...     

锂离子电池组分层主动均衡研究

目的 针对实际装备中使用的串联锂离子电池组的不一致性问题,提出一种基于Buck-Boost电路和反激式变压器均衡电路的分层主动均衡构架.方法 以荷电状态(SOC)作为均衡标准,制定均衡策略,建立锂离子电池二阶等效电路模型以及开路电压(OCV)特性曲线来进行参数辨识与SOC估计.实现电池组内相邻电池单体间的能量转移以及电池组间任意模组到整体的能量双向传递.最后在Matlab/Simulink中搭建均衡模型进行仿真验证.结果 分层主动均衡构架相比传统单一相邻电池均衡构架具有更好的均衡结果,其均衡效果提升了43.04％,均衡时间缩短了24.4％,均衡效率提高了12.61％.结论 该分层主动均衡构架充分发挥了两种主动均衡的优点,改善了电池组的不一致性问题,并提高了整个电池组的充放电容量.     

车用锂离子电池组冷却系统传热仿真分析

目的 解决电动汽车锂离子电池组在高温下的安全性和热失控问题.方法 建立锂离子电池组冷却系统的三维分析模型,应用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法 ,结合热传导和热对流理论,对电池组进行仿真分析.结果 锂离子电池组的温度场分布基本相同,呈现出中间低、两侧高的分布特点,且...     

An innovative integrated system utilizing solar energy as power for the treatment of decentralized wastewater

This article reports an innovative integrated system utilizing solar energy as power for decentralized wastewater treatment, which consists of an oxidation ditch with double channels and a photovoltaic (PV) system without a storage battery. Because the system operates without a storage battery, which can reduce the cost of the PV system, the solar radiation intensity affects the amount of power output from the PV system. To ensure that the power output is sufficient in all different weather conditions, the solar radiation intensity of 78 W/m 2 with 95% confidence interval was defined as a threshold of power output for the PV system according to the monitoring results in this study, and a step power output mode was used to utilize the solar energy as well as possible. The oxidation ditch driven by the PV system without storage battery ran during the day and stopped at night. Therefore, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions could periodically appear in the oxidation ditch, which was favorable to nitrogen and phosphate removal from the wastewater. The experimental results showed that the system was efficient, achieving average removal efficiencies of 88% COD, 98% NH 4 + -N, 70% TN and 83% TP, under the loading rates of 140 mg COD/(g MLSS·day), 32 mg NH 4 + -N/(g MLSS·day), 44 mg TN/(g MLSS·day) and 5 mg TP/(g MLSS·day).     

Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles – Critical issues

The main aim of the study was to explore how LCA can be used to optimize the design of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Two lithium-ion batteries, both based on lithium iron phosphate, but using different solvents during cell manufacturing, were studied by means of life cycle assessment, LCA. The general conclusions are limited to results showing robustness against variation in critical data. The study showed that it is environmentally preferable to use water as a solvent instead of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP, in the slurry for casting the cathode and anode of lithium-ion batteries. Recent years’ improvements in battery technology, especially related to cycle life, have decreased production phase environmental impacts almost to the level of use phase impacts. In the use phase, environmental impacts related to internal battery efficiency are two to six times larger than the impact from losses due to battery weight in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, assuming 90% internal battery efficiency. Thus, internal battery efficiency is a very important parameter; at least as important as battery weight. Areas, in which data is missing or inadequate and the environmental impact is or may be significant, include: production of binders, production of lithium salts, cell manufacturing and assembly, the relationship between weight of vehicle and vehicle energy consumption, information about internal battery efficiency and recycling of lithium-ion batteries based on lithium iron phosphate.     

基于PNGV模型的锂离子电池荷电状态估计

目的 提升不同老化情况下的锂离子电池荷电状态(SOC)估计精度。方法 基于PNGV模型(Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles)，对锂离子电池SOC进行估计。首先通过双线性变换对PNGV模型进行离散化，采用带有遗忘因子的递归最小二乘法(FFRLS)，对电池模型参数进行在线辨识，利用卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法进行SOC估计，并通过动态工况验证SOC估计精度。结果 以多种误差指标考察不同循环下的试验数据，在不同电池老化状态下具有较好的预测精度。相比基于Thevenin模型的算法，基于PNGV模型的算法可以将SOC平均绝对误差减少约60%，同时也可以将SOC估计最大绝对误差波动范围降低53.8%。结论 本算法引入PNGV模型后，解决了基于Thevenin模型算法误差大、不稳定的问题，提升了动力电池系统在不同老化环境下的适应性。     

废旧锂电池的回收与再利用研究

目前废旧电池污染对人类健康及环境造成的危害越来越受到人们的关注.结合目前国内废旧锂电池回收概况及区域废旧锂电池回收的实地调研情况,了解废旧锂电池的回收再利用现状及人们对废旧锂电池的认识,分析锂电池的再利用价值.同时,结合电池品种羔异的特性,设计出针对性强、可行性高的废弃锂池回收体系;通过分析锂电池工作的基本工作原理、使用特性及电池材料组成成分,提出一些延长锂电池使用寿命、增加使用周期的方法.