Fenton氧化破解污水处理厂污泥

研究了Fenton氧化反应的影响因素pH值、H₂O₂/Fe²⁺投加比、反应温度和反应时间对污泥破解效果的影响,并以污泥上清液中蛋白质、糖类、SCOD及污泥TSS、VSS的变化来表征污泥破解的程度。结果表明,最佳破解条件为：pH=5,最佳H₂O₂/Fe²⁺投加比为24：1,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为90 min,在该条件下,SCOD、溶解性蛋白质和多糖分别由88.76、19.70和14.95 mg/L增加到3 714.64、2 039.90和289.70 mg/L;TSS及VSS分别由34.60 g/L、19.76 g/L降为26.60 g/L、14.22 g/L,去除率分别为23.12%和 28.14%。Fenton氧化破解污泥,能够有效促进污泥絮体分解,有利于进行后续的厌氧消化处理。     

生物淋滤-Fenton对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

采用嗜酸性硫杆菌生物淋滤联合Fenton氧化法对印染污泥脱水性能进行了研究。结果表明,生物淋滤过程中pH下降速率随着硫粉添加量增加而变快,经生物淋滤处理后污泥的脱水性能在一定程度上得到了改善。对生物淋滤后的污泥进行了Fenton氧化处理,获得的最佳反应条件为反应时间2 h,H2O2和Fe2+添加量分别为6 g/L和0.5 g/L。在该条件下,污泥上清液中总有机碳(TOC)由20.8 mg/L增加到356.6 mg/L;污泥比阻(SRF)和滤饼含水率分别由5.98×1011s2/g和88.75%减少至1.26×1011s2/g和82.85%。生物淋滤-Fenton氧化法在污泥破解程度和脱水性能改善方面均优于单独Fenton氧化法。     

生物淋滤-Fenton对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

采用嗜酸性硫杆菌生物淋滤联合Fenton氧化法对印染污泥脱水性能进行了研究。结果表明,生物淋滤过程中pH下降速率随着硫粉添加量增加而变快,经生物淋滤处理后污泥的脱水性能在一定程度上得到了改善。对生物淋滤后的污泥进行了Fenton氧化处理,获得的最佳反应条件为反应时间2h,H2O2和Fe2＋添加量分别为6g／L和0．5g／L。在该条件下,污泥上清液中总有机碳（TOC）由20．8mg／L增加到356．6mg／L;污泥比阻（SRF）和滤饼含水率分别由5．98×10^11s2／g和88．75％减少至1．26×10^11 S2／g和82．85％。生物淋滤-Fenton氧化法在污泥破解程度和脱水性能改善方面均优于单独Fenton氧化法。     

光-Fenton氧化破解剩余污泥和改善污泥脱水性能

利用紫外光-Fenton（光-Fenton）氧化处理城市剩余污泥,通过上清液的SCOD、多聚糖以及蛋白质浓度表征污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）的破解情况,通过污泥过滤比阻（SRF）和滤饼含水率表征污泥脱水性能的变化。结果表明,光．Fenton氧化破解污泥EPS和改善污泥脱水性能的效能明显优于单独Fenton反应和单独紫外光照射处理。pH为3、反应时间为2h,H2O2投加量为4g／L和Fe^2＋投加量为0．6mg／L是光-Fenton氧化处理供试污泥的适宜条件。在适宜处理条件下,污泥上清液中的SCOD、多聚糖和蛋白质浓度分别由67．46mg／L、12．53mg／L和8．62mg／L增加到568．12mg／L、448．62mg／L和292．94mg／L;SRF和滤饼含水率分别由2．4×10^S2／g和88．52％下降至5．26×10^8S^2／g和76．36％。光-Fenton反应在有效破懈污泥的同时,提高了污泥的脱水性能．有利于污泥的减量化。     

Fe_3O_4/石墨烯-H_2O_2预处理对污泥脱水性能的影响及其作用机理

采用共沉淀法制备四氧化三铁/石墨烯(Fe_3O_4/GE)材料,并对其进行表征,将其与H_2O_2组成非均相类Fenton体系用来预处理污泥,发现此类Fenton体系能显著降低污泥比阻(SRF),并深入分析其作用机理。研究了pH、反应时间、反应温度以及Fe_3O_4/GE-H_2O_2投加量对污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)破解的影响。结果表明,适宜反应条件为:pH 4.0,反应时间为90 min,反应温度为50℃,Fe_3O_4/GE投加量为1 g·L~(-1),H_2O_2与Fe_3O_4/GE投加量之比控制在8~12之间。在该条件下,污泥上清液中的SCOD、多聚糖和蛋白质浓度分别由56.47、11.48和8.21 mg·L~(-1)增加到498.31、406.72和286.29 mg·L~(-1)。Fe_3O_4/GE-H_2O_2非均相类Fenton体系在有效破解EPS的同时,对于污泥的脱水性能也有明显的改善作用,促进了污泥的后续处理。     

不同泥源对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响

采用2套上流式生物膜反应器,分别接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥和大量硝化污泥,考察其对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。污泥接种入反应器后,测得接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的反应器(R1)内MLSS为0.22 g/L,另一个反应器(R2)MLSS为2.7 g/L。与直接接种厌氧氨氧化污泥相比,R1经过72 d的运行才显现出厌氧氨氧化特性。经过114 d的培养,前者氮去除速率由0.23 kg/(m3.d)提升到5.29 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于89%;R2的氮去除速率由0.01 kg/(m3.d)提升到1.1 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于84.6%。说明普通污泥启动需要一个较长的筛选过程,直接接种少量的厌氧氨氧化污泥比接种普通的污泥能够更快启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。     

蛋白酶和EDTA-2Na协同作用对剩余污泥水解的影响

采用投加蛋白酶和螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)联合预处理剩余污泥,研究了蛋白酶浓度、温度和EDTA-2Na浓度对污泥酶法水解释碳效果的影响.结果表明,蛋白酶浓度、温度和EDTA-2Na浓度对剩余污泥水解的影响具有协同效应.在最佳蛋白酶浓度20 mg/g TS条件下,剩余污泥释放的SCOD为1 318.82 mg/L.同时,在最佳螯合剂ED-TA-2Na浓度0.20 g/g TS下,SCOD为9 014 mg/L.在20 mg/g TS的蛋白酶和0.20 g/g TS的EDTA-2Na的联合作用下,SCOD达到12 628.98 mg/L.在20 mg/g TS的蛋白酶、0.2 g/g TS的EDTA-2Na和55℃条件联合作用下,SCOD达到最大值16 878 mg/L,多糖浓度达到最大值2 695.3 mg/L,NH4+-N的浓度达到最大值156.73 mg/L.此外,在不同蛋白酶和EDTA-2Na浓度条件下,剩余污泥水解释放的SCOD符合一级动力学.     

沼渣生物炭基Fenton催化剂的制备及其高效降解吡虫啉农药废水的研究

以废弃物沼渣和含铁剩余污泥为原料,采用一步热解法制备沼渣生物炭基Fenton催化剂(以下简称催化剂),构建了非均相Fenton反应体系处理含吡虫啉模拟废水,考察了H2 O2和催化剂用量对吡虫啉去除率的影响.结果表明,非均相Fenton反应体系中,H2 O2最佳投加量为0.50 g/L,催化剂最佳投加量为1.00 g/L...     

UV/Fenton法预处理橡胶促进剂生产废水

采用UV/Fenton法对橡胶促进剂废水进行预处理.当原水COD约为3000 mg/L时,COD去除率可达65%以上,并得到最佳操作条件为:H2O2投加量为8 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.8 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;同时得到Fenton试剂处理该废水的最佳条件为:H2O2投加量为10 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.966 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;单独UV作用的最佳工艺条件为:反应时间为20 min,pH=5;并就3种处理方法进行了比较,发现UV对Fenton试剂处理橡胶促进剂废水具有一定促进作用.反应前后的紫外光谱说明,经UV/Fenton或Fenton反应后原水中的苯胺、硝基苯等物质已得到了彻底的氧化分解.     

NaCl盐度波动对处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥沉降性能的影响

以处于污泥膨胀的耐盐脱氮污泥为研究对象,分别采用有效容积为2和240 L的SBR装置(编号1#和2#),在进水NH3-N浓度为40~100 mg/L,pH为7.45~8.0,溶解氧为3~5 mg/L,温度为28~30℃的条件下,分别研究不同NaCl盐度(0、10、20和30 g/L)对污泥沉降性的影响。实验结果表明,在NaCl盐度条件下,可以明显改善耐盐脱氮污泥的沉降性。NaCl盐度越高,污泥絮凝体体积减小、丝状菌及原生动物减少趋势越明显,污泥沉降性效果越好。在30 g/L盐度时,1#和2#SBR的SV30分别从95%和80%降至53%和30%,SVI分别从185.5和170.8 mL/g降至127.3和78.4 mL/g。     

3种短链脂肪酸对活性污泥储存PHA的影响

采用经乙酸钠驯化培养具有一定聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)储存能力的活性污泥,考察乙酸、丙酸和丁酸3种短链脂肪酸,以及乙酸、丁酸分别与丙酸按1∶1、1∶2、2∶1比例组合成的6种混合酸作为碳源时对活性污泥中PHA的储存和转化的影响。实验结果表明,在3种短链脂肪酸中,以丁酸为碳源得到活性污泥PHA储存量最高,为40.53 mg/g;在混合酸中,乙酸与丙酸按1∶2组合时,系统PHA储存量最高,为773.4 mg/g。混合酸相对于单一的脂肪酸碳源更有利于活性污泥储存PHA。在混合酸总量一定的条件下,随着丙酸比例的增加,乙酸与丙酸混合比丁酸与丙酸混合更有利于微生物的PHA储存。     

原子荧光光谱法测定底泥中的总砷

采用硫酸-硝酸-高氯酸混合试剂热消解氢化物发生原子荧光法,测定底泥中的总砷。方法的检出限为0．016mg／kg,相对标准偏差为0．2％,加标回收率在92．8％-108％之间。此方法操作简便、灵敏度高、快捷、便于推广,适用于底泥中的总砷测定。     

不同污泥源厌氧氨氧化污泥的比较

采用厌氧序批式反应器,以好氧硝化污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥为污泥源,通过对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、pH等指标的监测和数据分析、污泥颜色变化和菌落电镜照片的观察,研究2种不同污泥源厌氧氨氧化污泥的差异.结果表明,不同污泥源厌氧氨氧化污泥的颜色不同,污泥中具有厌氧氨氧化作用的优势菌不同;由厌氧颗粒污泥为污泥源培养出的厌氧氨氧化污泥具有较高的厌氧氨氧化活性.     

臭氧处理剩余污泥的减量化实验研究

采用质子交换聚合物膜电解法（PEM）产生臭氧,单独对剩余污泥进行氧化破解实验,结果表明,随着臭氧化反应时间的增加,污泥微生物细胞裂解,胞内物质进入到污泥溶液中,污泥固体物质减少,使得TS和VTS均显著下降,处理40 min后,其去除率分别达到57.33%和72.76%;SCOD前30 min呈线性增长,通入臭氧60 min后,由处理前的3 501.24mg/L上升到6 298.32 mg/L,增长率达79.88%;SV30及滤饼含水率均呈下降趋势,表明剩余污泥的沉淀性能及脱水性能得到明显改善。实验结果表明,直接利用臭氧对剩余污泥进行处理,可获得良好的减量化效果。     

用于四氯乙烯降解的厌氧污泥的培养与驯化研究

由于四氯乙烯 (PCE)的大量使用和不合理的处置使其成为常见的污染物之一。PCE在好氧条件下不发生生物降解 ,只在厌氧条件下通过还原脱氯发生生物降解。本研究主要是对从不同处理厂获得的厌氧污泥进行培养 ,选出合适的厌氧污泥 ,进行降解PCE的厌氧污泥的驯化 ,为以后进行降解PCE的动力学研究和优势菌种的筛选做准备。同时 ,在实验中检测到了三氯乙烯 (TCE) ,表明PCE是通过还原脱氯发生生物降解的。     

活性污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究

考察4种方法(蒸气法、EDTA法、NaOH法和搅拌法)对3种活性污泥(可乐厌氧活性污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和市政污水污泥)胞外聚合物的提取效率,对比分析了各提取方法对不同样品提取所得胞外聚合物的组成影响,结果表明,EDTA法提取多糖的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物糖分别在8.3、16.7和9.7 mg/g VSS左右;NaOH提取蛋白质的效率最高,提取市政污水污泥、可乐好氧活性污泥和可乐厌氧活性污泥胞外聚合物蛋白质分别为:3.15、0.55和5.57 mg/g VSS.对于3种不同种类污泥,EDTA法提取EPS总量效率最高,分别为市政污水污泥10.7 mg/g VSS、可乐好氧活性污泥16.8 mg/g VSS和可乐厌氧活性污泥9.97 mg/g VSS,分别比效率最低的搅拌法高出5倍、5倍和3倍.     

微生物降解前后COD差值法快速测定BOD

采用活性污泥曝气法降解前后COD差值的方法,进行了BOD快速检测的研究。条件实验结果表明,其适宜检测条件为:降解时间180 min;污泥量5 mL/100 mL;pH值7.0;温度25℃。模拟废水检测结果表明,该测定方法具有较高的重复性,5次测定的相对偏差小于6.5%,在BOD浓度为0~500 mg/L范围内,微生物降解前后COD差值与BOD5有良好的相关性,其相关系数达到0.98。因此,可以通过测定微生物降解前后COD值,实现快速BOD检测的目的,同时,也可实现COD和BOD一体化检测,这将是今后COD和BOD检测研究的发展方向之一。     

A-O工艺污泥疏水比率与污泥活性的关系

通过A-O工艺对印染废水的降解处理,研究了不同污泥活性下微生物疏水比率和COD去除率的变化规律.结果表明,污泥活性指标ATP浓度与微生物疏水性之间存在一定关系,并对COD去除率产生一定的影响.缺氧污泥的活性指标ATP浓度在0.38～0.77 mg/L范围时,污泥微生物的疏水性最好且疏水比率最高值为84％,COD的去除率最高,为70.01％;好氧污泥的活性指标ATP浓度在0.86～2.17 mg/L范围时,污泥微生物的疏水性最好,疏水比率最高值为75％,COD的去除率最高为96.2％.     

Organic Contaminants from Sewage Sludge Applied to Agricultural Soils. False Alarm Regarding Possible Problems for Food Safety? (8 pp)

Goal, Scope and Background Sewage sludge produced in wastewater treatment contains large amounts of organic matter and nutrients and could, therefore, be suitable as fertiliser. However, with the sludge, besides heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria, a variety of organic contaminants can be added to agricultural fields. Whether the organic contaminants from the sludge can have adverse effects on human health and wildlife if these compounds enter the food chain or groundwater still remains a point of controversial discussion. Main Features This paper presents an overview on the present situation in Europe and a summary of some recent results on the possible uptake of organic contaminants by crops after addition to agricultural fields by sewage sludge. Results Greenhouse experiments and field trials were performed to study the degradation and uptake of organic micro-contaminants in sludge-amended agricultural soil in crops, such as barley and carrots grown in agricultural soil amended with anaerobically-treated sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, but studies hitherto have revealed no immediate risks. Common sludge contaminants such as linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bis(diethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), showed neither accumulation in soil nor uptake in plants. Discussion It is assumed that the annual amount of sewage sludge produced in Europe will increase in the future, mainly due to larger amounts of high quality drinking water needed by an increasing population and due to increasing demands for cleaner sewage water. Application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils is sustainable and economical due to nutrient cycling and disposal of sewage sludge. However, this solution also involves risks with respect to the occurrence of organic contaminants and other potentially harmful contents such as pathogens and heavy metals present in the sludge. There have been concerns that organic contaminants may accumulate in the soil, be taken up by plants and thereby transferred to humans via the food chain. Results obtained so far revealed, however, no immediate risk of accumulation of common organic sludge contaminants in soil or uptake in plants when applying sewage sludge to agricultural soil. With very high dosages of sewage sludge, there may be a risk for accumulation of very apolar contaminants, such as DEHP, to the soil. Conclusions Any conclusions on the safe use of sewage sludge in agriculture have to be drawn carefully, as the studies performed until now have been limited. Further studies are required, and before final statements can be drawn, it is imminent to study a larger variety of common crops and the effect sewage sludge application may have on a possible accumulation of organic contaminants in the crops. Furthermore, a larger variety of organic contaminants need to be studied and special focus should be given to contaminants newly introduced into the environment. Besides investigating possible plant uptake of organic contaminants, the fate of these compounds in soil after sludge application need to be monitored too. Here, special attention has to begiven to studies on degradation and the formation of degradation products, to weathering and to leaching effects on groundwater, to the application of different crops on the same field (crop rotation), to the use of full-width tillage and strip tillage, and to long term application of sewage sludge on the soil. Recommendations and Perspectives There are environmental, political as well as economical incentives to increase the agricultural application of sludge. However, such usage should be performed with care as there are also ways in which sludge fertilisation could harm the environment and human health. Recently, a new European COST Action (859) has been established covering the field of food safety and improved food quality. Part of the Action is dealing with the application of sewage sludge in agriculture. Before any political and economical measures can be taken, the pros and cons have to be sufficiently investigated on a scientific level first. ESS-Submission Editor: Prof. Elena Maestri (elena.maestri@unipr.it)     

Decolourization and removal of some organic compounds from olive mill wastewater by advanced oxidation processes and lime treatment

Background Olive mill wastewater (OMW) generated by the olive oil extracting industry is a major pollutant, because of its high organic load and phytotoxic and antibacterial phenolic compounds which resist biological degradation. Mediterranean countries are mostly affected by this serious environmental problem since they are responsible for 95% of the worldwide oliveoil production. There are many methods used for OMW treatment, such as adsorption, electro coagulation, electro-oxidation, biological degradation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), chemical coagulation, flocculation, filtration, lagoons of evaporation and burning systems, etc. Currently, there is no such economical and easy solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of decolourization and removal of phenol, lignin, TOC and TIC in OMW by UV/H₂O₂ (AOPs). The operating parameters, such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, times, pH, effect of UV and natural sunlight were determined to find the suitable operating conditions for the best removal. Moreover, there is no study reported in the literature related to the use of UV/H₂O₂ and lime together in OMW treatment. Methods OMW was obtained from an olive-oil producing plant (Muğla area of Turkey) which uses a modern production process. No chemical additives are used during olive oil production. This study was realised by using two different UV sources, while taking the time and energy consumption into consideration. These two sources were mercury lamps and natural sunlight. Before starting AOPs experiments, one litre of OMW was treated by adding lime until a pH of 7.00. Then, 100 ml was taken from each sample, and 1 to 10 ml of a 30% H₂O₂ (Riedel-deHaen) solution was added. These solutions in closed vessels were laid in the natural sunlight for a week and their compositions and colour changes were analysed daily by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. At the end of the one-week period, they were treated with lime. In this study, the effect of changes in the initial pH, times and H₂O₂ concentrations on removal was investigated. At the end of all experiments, changes in colour, phenol, lignin, TOC and TIC concentrations were analysed according to standard methods. Results and Discussion In the samples exposed to natural sunlight and having an H₂O₂/OMW ratio of 3 ml/100 ml, a significant colour removal was achieved approximately 90% of the time at the end of 7 days. When the same samples were treated with lime (pH: up to 7), 99% efficiency was achieved. When phenol and lignin removals were examined in the same concentration, phenol and lignin removal were found 99.5%, 35%, respectively. However, for maximum lignin removal, more use of H₂O₂ (10 ml H₂O₂/100 ml OMW) was found to be necessary. Under these conditions, it was found that lignin can be removed by 70%, but to 90% with lime, at the end of a seven-day period. Rate constants obtained in the experiments performed with direct UV were found to be much higher than those of the samples exposed to natural sunlight (k^a _lignin = 0.3883 ≫ k^b _lignin = 0.0078; k^a _phenol = 0.5187 ≫ k^b _phenol = 0.0146). Moreover, it should be remembered in this process that energy consumption may induce extra financial burden for organisations. Conclusions It was found, in general, that colour, lignin, total organic carbon and phenol were removed more efficiently from OMW by using H₂O₂ UV and lime OMW. Moreover, in the study, lime was found to contribute, both initially and after radical reactions, to the efficiency to a great extent. Recommendations and Perspectives Another result obtained from the study is that pre-purification carried out with hydrogen peroxide and lime may constitute an important step for further purification processes such as adsorption, membrane processes, etc.