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1.
环境健康风险防控是当今社会密切关注的常态化问题,面对环境健康风险危机日益突出的情况,将环境健康风险纳入法律之治势在必行。然而,该领域涉及科学不确定性因素,且该因素对环境健康风险规制造成了消极影响。若以确定性法律来规范环境健康风险中的科学不确定性,必定会增加立法、执法、司法和法律监督的难度与成本。为此,本文将动态法治与静态诉求相结合,从法律运行角度发现环境健康风险规制所涉及的科学不确定性问题,并寻求解决该问题的法律路径,以期对化解当前频发的环境健康风险危机有所帮助。 相似文献
2.
面对当前日益严峻的环境风险和生态危机,环境领域的两大规制模式——命令控制规制模式和激励规制模式呈现规制失灵、治理不力的困境。从反身法理论来阐释,是由于这两种规制模式忽略了法律系统与其他社会子系统自身的独特运行逻辑,法律系统具有运行的封闭性与认知的开放性,有效的规制模式必须实现不同系统之间的结构耦合。反身规制是一种对自我规制的规制,其在承认法律自身规制局限性的基础上,培育其他子系统的反思结构,为提升当前环境治理绩效提供了一个新路径。实现对环境风险的反身规制,需要从信息披露、程序设计及商谈规范方面建构相应的法律制度。 相似文献
3.
This paper examines how local communities adapt to climate change and how governance structures can foster or undermine adaptive capacity. Climate change policies, in general, and disaster risk management in mountain regions, in particular, are characterised by their multi-level and multi-sectoral nature during formulation and implementation. The involvement of numerous state and non-state actors at local to national levels produces a variety of networks of interaction and communication. The paper argues that the structure of these relational patterns is critical for understanding adaptive capacity. It thus proposes an expanded concept of adaptive capacity that incorporates (horizontal and vertical) actor integration and communication flow between these actors. The paper further advocates the use of formal social network analysis to assess these relational patterns. Preliminary results from research on adaptation to climate change in a Swiss mountain region vulnerable to floods and other natural hazards illustrate the conceptual and empirical significance of the main arguments. 相似文献
4.
本文从深受欧盟水政策影响的德国水治理的历史发展和基础理念出发,对德国《水平衡管理法》的法规框架和总则进行了阐述、分析与比较。德国经验表明,在法治框架下,依可根据持续性原则,对水事进行综合治理。只有根据可持续性原则和通过法治,才能长期确保水安全,维护人与自然的和谐,保持水体清洁和维护生态平衡,确保当代及后代人的环境与发展权。水事综合治理原则不仅要通过协调水体使用与保护之间的关系,来调整环保在相对于经济和社会的传统不平衡地位,更要遵循自然水循环的本质特征。建议我国在《水污染防治法》的修订中,需要基于我国现实技术支撑的易操作制度,来实践可持续性原则和水事综合治理原则,强化法律间的协调。同时,还在立法技术上提出了若干建议。 相似文献
5.
María Consuelo Pucheta-Martínez Inmaculada Bel-Oms Isabel Gallego-Álvarez 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2023,30(4):1588-1600
This research aims to shed light on the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on capital structure, a significant strategic policy for all listed companies. Furthermore, it aims to explore the moderating effect of the presence of female directors on corporate boards on the relationship between CSR disclosure and capital structure. We use an international sample of 48 countries for the years 2007–2019 collected from the Thomson Reuters database. This study uses the GMM procedure to estimate the model of the association between the disclosure of CSR information and capital structure and the moderating effect of board gender diversity in such relationship. Drawing on agency theory, the results support the negative relationship between CSR disclosure and capital structure. Moreover, our findings also reveal that board gender diversity does not moderate the association between CSR disclosure and capital structure. 相似文献
6.
María Jesús Muoz‐Torres María ngeles Fernndez‐Izquierdo Juana M. Rivera‐Lirio Elena Escrig‐Olmedo 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2019,26(2):439-452
The development of sustainable finance favors the appearance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating agencies as providers of ESG information and tools for measuring the contribution of companies to sustainable development. This paper attempts to show whether assessment methods adopted by eight ESG agencies are consistent with the Integrative ESG Sustainable Value Framework proposed according to the literature and sustainable business models (SBMs) conceptualization. An exploratory research analyzes whether these methods are identifying and/or driving more SBMs that contribute to promote the creation of sustainable value, seeking to generate economic, social, and environmental value. Results indicate that ESG rating agencies identify the short‐term results in the internal organizational perspective mainly in the environmental dimension, whereas social aspects are emphasized from the external organizational perspective. However, ESG rating agencies are not driving a more SBMs that must integrate ESG criteria in a holistic way with a short‐term and long‐term perspective. 相似文献
7.
Dan Beare Ruvena Buslovich Cory Searcy 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2014,21(6):336-350
The purpose of this paper is to explore the linkages between corporate sustainability reporting and public policy. Interviews with experts from 35 different Canadian corporations that produce a sustainability report were held to address this issue. The interviews specifically focused on exploring how public policy influences sustainability reporting, investigating how corporate sustainability reporting influences public policy, and identifying the barriers to linking sustainability reporting with public policy. The majority of participants explained that their corporation's sustainability reporting has not been heavily influenced by public policy. Even in the relatively few cases where the participating corporations were required to report on sustainability‐related information (i.e. financial and insurance companies), there was little indication that public policy was strongly considered in reporting. Although several participants felt that their sustainability reports could or should influence public policy, there were also indications that corporations are looking for additional guidance on reporting from government. In fact, the lack of direction from government was cited as a key barrier to improved linkages between corporate sustainability reporting and public policy. Future research should focus on addressing this problem, particularly at the individual sector level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
8.
Giorgia Nigri Mara Del Baldo Armando Agulini 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2020,27(5):2368-2380
Benefit corporations institutionalize a new hybrid corporate form of business that allows for both profit and social objectives. Benefit corporations are traditional corporations with modified obligations; they commit to produce a benefit or purpose on top of their for‐profit motive, and they voluntarily bind to higher accountability and transparency standards. The aim of this paper is to shed new light on the governance and accountability procedures of certified benefit corporations (CBCs) in Italy since Italy was the first country after the United States to introduce the Società Benefit Law in 2016. Namely, this work explores how CBCs integrate benefit‐driven indicators into their structure, providing a renewed governance framework. To achieve this goal, a pilot case was conducted and 12 cross‐sector in‐depth interviews were performed with top management in seven Italian CBCs and triangulated with structured documents. What emerged from the findings is that there is a shift in the models of corporate governance where non‐profits are entering the for‐profit sector and that for‐profits are broadening their mission to include social and environmental goals. This extends the objectives of traditional forms of business to incorporate welfare objectives. 相似文献
9.
《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2017,24(3):199-209
This study examines the impact of stakeholder engagement in the form of controlling shareholders on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of firms using data from 25 countries. The results show that there is a positive relation between state‐controlled ownership and the CSR performance of firms, whereas the other types of controlling ownership have no impact on CSR performance. Further results show that evidence is more pronounced in countries with more stakeholder engagement. Additional analysis indicates that the change of state controlled firms leads to a change in CSR performance, but not vice versa. Taken together, this paper highlights the importance of governmental ownership in shaping firms' corporate social responsibility performance in an international context. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
10.
This article examines the role of economic development agencies in strengthening the environmental performance of industry within rapidly industrialising East Asian economies. Three case-study examples are considered, namely, the role of the Industrial Development Board in reducing industrial pollution in Taiwan, pollution control in the palm oil industry in Malaysia, and the role of the Economic Development Board in influencing environmental performance of industry in Singapore. The concept of embedded autonomy is developed to consider the ways in which agencies of economic development can work with firms and industries while simultaneously remaining autonomous from these firms with respect to setting and enforcing performance standards. The three cases suggest that a form of policy integration that more directly integrates economic and environmental goals within agencies of economic development may be feasible, but only where there exists a strong autonomous government bureaucracy and where there is strong societal commitment to improving the environmental performance of industry. 相似文献
11.
In this paper we explore the challenges involved in engaging the full range of stakeholders needed for effective marine resource management in the transboundary Grenadine Islands shared by the small island developing States (SIDS) of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada. The study describes the ways stakeholders were engaged in the development of participatory geographic information systems (PGIS), both in terms of the research approach (process) and the final geodatabase (product); it illustrates how the approach provides a practical means to strengthen aspects of marine governance, particularly in a SIDS context. We found that PGIS can provide a foundation for ecosystem‐based transboundary marine governance. The advantages of this approach are two‐fold: it provides the fullest possible range of information as input for the management of marine resources and it engages the stakeholders. This engagement takes several forms: capacity to participate in research; ownership of information produced; increased stakeholder understanding; empowerment through access to information; capacity to interact with other stakeholders for information and problem‐solving; and competence to participate in actual governance processes. Lastly, we discuss considerations for other practitioners contemplating using PGIS, particularly those working in similar resource‐limited SIDS environments. 相似文献
12.
Issam Laguir Rebecca Stekelorum Lamia Laguir Raffaele Staglianò 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2021,28(4):1324-1334
This study investigates how different activities of corporate social responsibility influence financial performance in the bank sector. In a sample of publicly listed French banks, we use a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to show that financial performance is dependent on the type of activity. The results show that various combinations of corporate social responsibility activities and bank characteristics determine the level of financial performance. Overall, our findings support and extend the recent contingent perspective, which emphasizes the interest of examining the conditions under which banks are more profitable. 相似文献
13.
Brian Furze 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1989,2(1):59-67
Food is a basic human need and therefore a basic human right. While food output has increased to a level where there is enough food produced to feed the world, still millions starve. Using the concept of capitalist world economy as a framework, this paper provides a structural analysis of the food production and distribution system within monopoly capitalism and its implications for countries of the underdeveloped world. Focusing on the impact of a dominant world food supply system on indigenous systems (particularly through the rise of science, technology, and monopoly capital), considerations relating to environmental use and food production and distribution are raised. Finally a call is made for a new agricultural ethic. 相似文献
14.
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 《Natural resources forum》2004,28(1):61-74
This article develops a practical proposal for progress on sustainable development law. It examines the prospects for an international sustainable development law to provide a framework for more effective, coherent governance. Sustainable development law is briefly defined and an analytical framework is provided. Different degrees of integration between economic, social and environmental law are described. Certain principles of international law related to sustainable development are also highlighted. It is argued that these principles may serve to guide law‐makers and jurists where social, economic and environmental law and policy conflict or overlap. Continuing, underlying questions of sustainable development governance are addressed and its global frameworks analysed. The article also focuses on the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in August‐September 2002, and its specific mandate for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) to take related legal developments into account. The article advances a proposal: that governments, economic, social and environmental intergovernmental organizations and other actors establish a ‘network of inquiry’ with members from relevant groups, including legal and academic organizations, and other expert groups, in order to follow, research, analyse and debate legal developments in a balanced way. 相似文献
15.
16.
Minh Van Nguyen;Khanh Duy Ha;Chien Thanh Phan; 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2024,31(4):2838-2851
While the world is grappling with economic uncertainty, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been extensively studied with a focus on favorable economic conditions. This study aims to investigate and prioritize the drivers for CSR in large-sized construction organizations during economic uncertainty. Based on the literature review and discussions with experienced professionals, 13 critical drivers for CSR were identified and categorized into four clusters. Using the combination of fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and fuzzy Analytic Network Process (DANP), drivers for CSR performance during economic uncertainty were ranked regarding their interrelationships. Among 13 drivers, the results illustrated that enhancing company reputation was the most critical driver for CSR, followed by long-term economic benefit, employee commitment and loyalty, and credibility gain. This study expands the current understanding of CSR practices in the construction industry, shedding light on its unique characteristics during economic uncertainty. 相似文献
17.
Won‐Moo Hur Hanna Kim Joon Hyo Jang 《Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management》2016,23(6):345-357
The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions regarding business sustainability. Another important objective of this study was to explore the moderating role of gender on the relationship between CSR perception and three corporate marketing outcomes (i.e., corporate brand equity, corporate distrust, and corporate hypocrisy). Using a sample of 867 consumers in South Korea, a t‐test and hierarchical moderated regression analysis were employed to test four hypotheses. The results of this study showed that female consumers have a higher perception toward CSR than male consumers. The results also revealed that the positive relationship between CSR perception and corporate brand equity was stronger among men than women. In addition, the negative relationships between CSR perception and corporate distrust and between CSR perception and corporate hypocrisy were both stronger among men than women. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
18.
Jordan faces stringent energy challenges mainly in the form of import dependence and escalating demand. The building sector accounts for 58% of total national electricity consumption and therefore plays an important role in addressing these challenges. This article investigates how energy efficiency in green buildings certified by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system contribute towards achieving United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jordan. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new Comprehensive Contribution to Sustainable Development Index (CCSDI) to assess the contributions of implementation of the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category to achieve UN SDGs in Jordan. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to obtain data. Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to evaluate the contributions of LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the EA category. Results indicate a positive relationship between the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in category and UN SDGs 7?9 and 12?13. We conclude that our proposed CCSDI is a robust tool for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings towards achieving UN SDGs in Jordan. 相似文献
19.
Based on empirical evidence from developed, transition and developing countries, the article looks at how the introduction of private operators’ interests into the water supply/sanitation and energy sectors may conflict with public interests in socio‐economic, environmental and political dimensions. Case studies are used to illustrate the dynamics of these interactions, covering phenomena such as unsolicited proposals, misrepresentation and corruption; the exploitation of established positions by taking advantage of asymmetry of information and negotiating capacity in relation to public authorities; and exit from contracts or concessions when acceptable profitability cannot be attained. This experience indicates that the introduction of private companies into these sectors creates the permanent possibility of conflict between private and public interests. The services are too vital both socially and economically to rely on corporate self‐regulation, and countries lack effective capacity to regulate such corporations. The authors conclude that policies relying on corporate activity in these sectors are unnecessarily risky, and that policy development should focus on building strong public sector institutions to provide these services. 相似文献
20.
Gregory C. Luther Joko Mariyono Raden M. Purnagunawan Ben Satriatna Martin Siyaranamual 《Natural resources forum》2018,42(2):71-82
This study assesses the impact of farmer field schools (FFS) on the productivity of vegetable farming in vegetable‐producing areas of East Java and Bali, Indonesia. The FFS have equipped over 3,000 vegetable farmers with integrated crop management knowledge applicable to chilies and tomatoes. The FFS are expected to enhance farmers’ capacity such that they can increase production. This study employs a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) method to overcome selection bias. A survey of 250 FFS‐graduated farmers and 250 non‐FFS farmers were purposively randomly selected from the overall community of farmers. Focus group discussion was used to support the survey. The results indicate that FFS were successful for enhancing farmers’ capability in vegetable farming. Farmers who participated in FFS have higher productivity than those who did not. Farmers also could adapt and adopt the knowledge gained from FFS as they underwent a process of learning by doing. The impacts of the increase in farmers’ capacity can be more evident if weaknesses during the FFS preparation and implementation can be overcome, to ensure more participation, flexibility to fit different conditions/needs and continuous learning. 相似文献