共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
中国地表水酸化敏感性的区划 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
地表水体的酸化与集水区的许多环境因子密切相关,如土壤对酸的缓冲能力、基岩中和酸沉降的能力以及土地利用方式等.其中,土壤的抗酸化能力是关键因素.因此可以根据集水区土壤、基岩和土地利用方式等信息来评估地表水在不同流量下发生酸化的可能性.本研究成功地应用已有资料和数据得到了我国地表水对酸沉降的敏感性等级,并绘制了地表水酸化敏感性区划图.结果表明,我国大部分地表水对酸化并不敏感.极易酸化和较易酸化的地表水主要分布在东北的北部地区,占所有国土面积的2.67%,是该地区强酸性漂灰土、酸性母岩和针叶林植被共同作用的结果.对酸化敏感性为中级和低级,即不易酸化的地表水主要分布在东北暗棕壤地区和南方富铝土区域,占所有国土面积的15.2%.其余82.11%国土面积上的地表水对酸化不敏感,完全不可能发生酸化.北方地区主要是由于土壤的强缓冲能力,而在南方,石灰质土壤以及耕作农田的广泛分布是最重要因素.南方重酸雨区由于土壤对酸化并不很敏感,因此在短期内不会出现大面积水体酸化现象.由于东北近年来频频出现酸雨,因此东北的酸沉降必须及早防治,以免出现大面积酸化水体. 相似文献
6.
重庆酸雨地区森林生态系统土壤、植被与地表水现状分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
酸沉降现象在重庆已成为一个严重的长期环境污染问题,本文根据东亚酸雨监测网土壤、植被监测技术规范的方法-研究了酸沉降对森林生态系统土壤、地表水以及植被的影响和危害。通过对土壤的分析:3个采样点的土壤pH值较低,这可能与大气S和N的输入有关,导致了土壤酸化。而南山采样点的盐基饱和度(BS)均值少于10%,盐基离子交换量(CEC)也较低.土壤中Al^3 浓度相对较高,土壤中C/N较低,南山可能存在土壤酸度增加的危险,以及土壤中Al浓度增高并伴有S或N沉降增加的危险。对地表水分析结果表明,南山采样点地表水的酸中和能力(ANC)较大,但是该采样点土壤剖面的盐基饱和度并不高,由此可推测该地表水可能是经由盐基离子丰富的土壤或岩石径流而来。通过对植被的分析,酸雨可能对杉木和柳杉这两种酸敏感性植物有一定的危害作用。 相似文献
7.
8.
酸沉降现象在重庆南山地区已造成长期严重的环境污染.笔者根据东亚酸雨监测网土壤和植被监测技术规范方法,研究了酸沉降对森林生态系统土壤和植被的影响和危害.通过对土壤的分析表明:5个采样点的土壤pH值较低,A层均值为3.74,B层均值为4.20,盐基饱和度(BS)的均值小于10%,盐基离子交换量(CEC)A层为78.1~88.6 mmol/kg,B层为61.1~65.1 mmol/kg,土壤中含有较高的Al3+<\sup>可能与大气中S和N的输入有关,并导致了土壤酸化.土壤中C/N较低,A层接近12.0,并且随土层的加深而下降,说明在亚热带湿润气候条件下有机质层分解良好.通过对植被的分析表明,酸沉降可能对杉木和柳杉这两种酸敏感性植物有一定的危害作用. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
中国植被对氮和盐基阳离子吸收速率及其在土壤酸化中的作用 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
植被对氮和盐基阳离子的吸收是除酸沉降外另一个重要的土壤酸度来源.本研究基于中国植被的净初级生产力和元素化学组成确定了中国植被对氮和盐基阳离子的吸收速率.结果表明中国东南部,包括东北、华北、华东和华南地区,植被对氮的吸收速率普遍较低,而在中国的西北部吸收速率较高,并且由东南向西北逐渐递减对盐基阳离子来说,吸收速率较高(>2.0 keq·(hm2·a)-1)的植被有亚热带、热带常绿阔叶林、温带石灰岩落叶阔叶林、温带落叶灌丛和亚热带、热带稀树灌木草原等,它们主要分布在华北西北部、云南南部和海南岛西部,而吸收速率较低(<0.5 keq·hm2·a)-1)的植被则主要包括分布在东部亚热带地区的常绿针叶林以及分布在西部干旱地区的各种荒漠和草原尽管中国大多数地区不会因为植被吸收而造成显著的土壤酸度增加,但在少数地区,植物吸收造成的土壤酸度输入却不容忽视(>0.5 keq·(hm2·a)-1)由于这些地区植被吸收造成的土壤酸度输入已经大于或相当于目前的酸沉降水平,而且两者之和也超过了土壤的风化速率,这些地区可能面临土壤的酸化问题. 相似文献
12.
Effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems and their rehabilitation strategies in China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
IntroductionChinaisoneofthelargestcountriesofcoalcombustion ,whichaccountfor 75%oftotalenergyconsumption .Coalcombustionincreasedfrom 0 .6billiontonsin 1 980to 1 .2 8billiontonsin 1 995,andwouldreachto 1 .45billiontonsin 2 0 0 0 .EmissionofSO2 increasedwithincreasingcoalcons… 相似文献
13.
14.
This paper deals with the sensitivity of soils to acid rain in 5 provinces, South China. Based on field work and literature, and taking soil pH, CEC, and the types of residua into account, the authors classified the sensitivity into 4 categories: highly sensitive, sensitive, slightly sensitive, and non-sensitive. By overlapping the maps of soil pH, CEC, and types of residua, the map of soil sensitivity in South China has finally resulted.The authors try to summarize the regularity of soil sensitivity to acid rain in this area. The sensitivity of different soil types in the studied area has also discussed.The seriousness and its prospects of acid rain in this area have been pointed out in order to draw the attention of relevant authorities. 相似文献
15.
The effect of acid rain on the forest soils in China was discussed on the basis of simulating studies. The soils were collected from five typical areas, including Chongqing in Sichuan Province and Guiyang in Guizhou Province, where there has been heavier acid rain in southwest China, and Huitong in Hunan Province, Zhouzhi in Shaanxi Province, and Xinglong in Hebei Province, all of which were selected as control. Field investigation and sampling were made in the typical forests in all the above five areas. The relationship between pH values in precipitation and rates of soil weathering, the difference between the rates of soil weathering in different areas, and the cause of such a difference, have been worked out. The prediction was also conducted on the supply dynamics of nutrient and toxic elements in various forest ecosystems which were affected by acid deposition in order to understand the long-term effects of acid precipitation on the forest ecosystems studied. 相似文献
16.
中国主要土壤对钴的吸附特征 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
对我国几种土类对钴吸附的研究表明,在平衡钴浓度不很高的条件下,土壤对钴的等温吸附表现为直线型,吸附量有明显的从南到北增加的趋势.通过修正竞争吸附方程对pH-钴吸附量曲线的描述,揭示出影响我国土壤对钴吸附容量的主要因素是粘土矿物类型,其次为土壤有机质及粘粒含量;随着土壤中铁锰氧化物的增加;其吸附强度增加.可变电荷高的土壤对钴吸附受pH的影响非常明显.永久电荷为主的土壤则不然.低的土壤pH可抑制铁锰氧化物对钴的强烈吸附. 相似文献
17.
Soil acidification caused by acid deposition has been significant in some forests in southern China. We present an approach for assessing the current stage maximum allowed load (SML) of acid deposition for terrestrial system in the country. The main idea was that soil base cation exchange as a finite buffer to acidity was included in the soil acidity mass balance calculation at current acidification stage. We calculated the SML for five forests in southern China. The usual critical loads for the same forests were also calculated by the steady state mass balance model for comparison. The results showed that the SML is a more tolerant limit than the critical load for the forests with soils not acidified seriously at current stage. However, the SML become a more stringent limit to acid deposition when the forest soils have acidified seriously to very low base cation saturation. In this case the SML assessment is beneficial for the soils recovering from a serious acidified state. Based on a national scale database, the SML mapping for non-agricultural soil system in China was carried out. 相似文献