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反相乳液聚合制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其絮凝性能评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了单体浓度、单体配比、反应温度、引发剂用量等因素对所制备的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺特性粘度、转化率、阳离子度的影响,并对产品的污水絮凝性能进行了评价。较佳的制备条件为:单体浓度为45%,单体配比为7∶3,引发剂用量m(引发剂)/m(单体)为0.5%,引发温度为45℃。用红外光谱对共聚物进行了结构表征,结果表明聚合物中有六元氮杂环的存在,达到预定要求。对共聚物进行了油田污水絮凝性能评价,研究表明单独使用自制阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)时浊度的去除率为86.22%,COD去除率为87.95%,与聚合氯化铝复配使用时浊度去除率提高到92.91%,COD去除率提高到92.68%。 相似文献
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ClO2对活性艳红K—2G和分散蓝2BLN染料的脱色研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本论文主要利用自制高纯二氧化氯对两种常用且结构具有代表性的活性艳红K-2G和分散蓝2BLN料染,进行氧化脱色研究,作了温度,pHWFHG,二氧化氯用量等条件试验,并用实际印染废水进行了实验,取得了良好的效果。在室温时,t=5min-7min,pH值偏碱性条件下,单一染料溶液及混痊染料溶液的脱色率均达到90%以上,实际印染废水的脱色也在90%左右。pH值、温度和ClO2用量等多种因素对脱色率均有一定的影响:pH值越高,染料脱色率越高。ClO2用量存在一最 佳值,与活性艳红K-2G及分散蓝2BLN染料的最佳摩尔比分别为4.0及2.0左右。ClO2耗量随染料起始浓度的增大而增加(脱色 率相同时)。 相似文献
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ClO_2对活性艳红K—2G和分散蓝2BLN染料的脱色研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本论文主要利用自制高纯二氧化氯对两种常用且结构具有代表性的活性艳红K— 2G和分散蓝 2BLN料染 ,进行氧化脱色研究 ,作了温度 ,pH值 ,二氧化氯用量等条件试验 ,并用实际印染废水进行了实验 ,取得了良好的效果。在室温时 ,t =5min~ 7min ,pH值偏碱性条件下 ,单一染料溶液及混合染料溶液的脱色率均达到 90 %以上 ,实际印染废水的脱色也在 90 %左右。pH值、温度和ClO2 用量等多种因素对脱色率均有一定的影响 :pH值越高 ,染料脱色率越高。ClO2 用量存在一最佳值 ,与活性艳红K— 2G及分散蓝 2BLN染料的最佳摩尔比分别为 4 0及 2 0左右。ClO2 耗量随染料起始浓度的增大而增加 (脱色率相同时 ) 相似文献
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为明确泥水盾构废弃泥浆固液分离性能,提高泥浆固液分离效率,采用化学絮凝的方法对建筑废弃泥浆快速泥水分离性能进行了试验研究,开展了不同种类聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作用下废弃泥浆絮凝沉降试验、颗粒级配试验及浊度试验研究,考察了药剂种类(APAM、NPAM、CPAM)、分子量及用量对废弃泥浆絮凝沉降特性的影响规律。试验结果表明:APAM和NPAM对废弃泥浆固液分离效果显著,CPAM对废弃泥浆并无明显絮凝作用;对于APAM而言,当其分子量分别为1200万,1600万和1800万时,废浆絮凝效果最佳时的添加量分别为0.35g/L、0.3g/L和0.25g/L;对于NPAM而言,当其分子量分别为1200万,1600万和1800万时,废浆絮凝效果最佳时的添加量分别为0.3g/L、0.3g/L和0.25g/L,且在最佳添加量的情况下,底泥体积、底泥含水率和上清液浊最小,泥浆粒径参数D50最大;APAM与废弃泥浆颗粒之间的作用方式主要是“吸附架桥连接”,NPAM与废弃泥浆颗粒之间的作用方式主要是“电性中和”与“吸附架桥连接”。 相似文献
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制备并研究了改性纤维素对Cu2 、Zn2 、Ni2 3种重金属离子的捕集效果.研究了反应时间、药剂用量、pH值、反应温度对其效果的影响.结果表明,在pH值为中性或碱性,反应温度为25℃时,改性纤维素对重金属离子具有较好的捕集效果.今后可进一步根据物质结构与性能的关系对天然高分子进行改性,并加强应用的研究. 相似文献
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《四川环境》2018,(5)
液相化学还原法制备纳米银是近些年的研究热点之一,但工艺过程产生的工业废水处理问题未有关注。首次采用钡盐沉淀法处理纳米银工业废水,考察了反应温度、p H值、钡盐种类等因素对废水COD (化学需氧量)及色度去除率的影响。其最佳工艺条件如下:反应温度15℃,初始p H值10. 5,反应时间1h,每100mL废水投加二水氯化钡8g;废水COD去除率为85. 6%,色度去除率高达97. 1%。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等表明:纳米银工业废水中存在醌-氢醌类化合物,此羟基醌类化合物可与溶液中的钡离子反应生成沉淀而得以去除;另外,新生成的硫酸钡细微颗粒带正电,絮凝沉降过程对废水中的羟基醌类化合物存在吸附作用。 相似文献
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采用血清瓶静态试验法研究了垃圾渗出污水的厌氧处理的可行性。试验表明:垃圾渗出污水对厌氧发酵微生物无抑制作用,有良好的厌氧降解性,产气率为0.321/g·COD,污水中的大部份有机物都能被厌氧消化,COD_cr去除率为78.2%,发酵过程中还能获得能源——沼气。具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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The Microtox toxicity and Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) inhibition tests were conducted to monitor the variation of toxicity during ozonation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under neutral conditions. The results revealed that the oxidized 2-CP solution exhibited new toxicity to pure bacteria and mixed microorganisms in the early stage of ozonation. The largest inhibition of OUR appeared at one mol of applied ozone dosage per mol of initial 2-CP, and the percentage of inhibition was 63.8%. In addition, ozonated 3-CP and 4-CP also significantly induced new aqueous toxicity, if these toxic intermediates were not further ozonated. Comparing the variation of toxicity and the hydroxylated/chlorinated intermediates formed, 3-chloro-catechol, 2-chloro-2, 4-hexadienedioic acid and the dimmer compounds may be related to the sources of toxicity during the ozonation of 2-CP. 相似文献
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化学生物絮凝工艺中生物去除效果研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过工艺的对比试验,指出化学生物絮凝工艺去除效果要优于化学絮凝工艺,当投加相同量的絮凝剂和混凝剂时,前者比后者的去除效率提高了20%以上。同时通过测定耗氧速率证实化学生物絮凝系统内存在明显的生物作用。 相似文献
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Robert B. Wenger Charles R. Rhyner Edith E. Wagoner 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1997,20(4):267-276
Some states measure progress in their waste reduction programs on the basis of recycling rates, while others use disposal-based reduction rates. It is generally recognized that these two measures are conceptually distinct. Nevertheless, when informational surveys of waste reduction activities are compiled, the data are usually combined in a manner that blurs this distinction and complicates the issues involved. In this paper, these two concepts are defined in a precise manner and equations are derived which clearly depict the relationship between recycling rates and disposal-based reduction rates. Information from a national survey and the US Environmental Protection Agency is used to illustrate the concepts which are developed in the paper. 相似文献
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应用光合作用分析仪对定植于花盆和山坡地两种不同生长环境下柳叶蜡梅苗的光合作用效率进行分析.结果表明,两种定植条件下的柳叶蜡梅苗都有“光合午休”现象,但净光合速率日变化曲线不同;盆栽苗蒸腾速率变化呈单峰曲线,与其净光合速率变化不一致;山地苗蒸腾速率与净光合速率的变化趋势基本一致;盆栽苗进气CO2浓度在一天中变化幅度不大,较高浓度在早晨;山地移植苗进气CO2浓度中午为低谷,下午15:30之后浓度较高.定植苗的光合有效辐射值、叶表面温度、进气CO2浓度的增加等生理生态因子对净光合速率存在不同程度的影响. 相似文献
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A. P. Lino Grima 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(4):703-710
Increasing population and urbanization necessitate very large investments in municipal water supply. These investments could be more efficiently deployed if the impact of policy variables such as marginal pricing, metering, by-laws on lawn watering and plumbing fixtures, and higher summer charges were known. The paper in particular advocates the replacement of the present declining block rate by an increasing block rate. In order to know the impact of policy variables, a multiple regression model is built; the fitted model is tested against some data not included in calibrating the model. Next the impact of selected policy variables on the target variable (residential water demand during summer) is worked out for a new urban community of 200,000 people. The investment requirements may decrease appreciably as a result of a price increase when marginal (or commodity) charges are low but the impact of price changes when commodity charges are already high is less evident and non-price policy variables may be more effective in maintaining high quality water and also satisfying the constraint of limited budgets for municipal services. 相似文献
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