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健康、安全、环境管理体系(HSE管理体系)是近年发展起来的一种科学、系统、完善的管理体系。环境监测实验室作为环保系统的基层单位具有污染环境的潜在风险,在环境监测实验室推行HSE管理体系意义重大。介绍了HSE管理体系在内江市环境监测实验室的应用,这是环境监测实验室走向标准化和现代化的重要标志。 相似文献
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从宏观社会环境方面,客观分析了制约环境监测发展的体制因素、社会因素、技术因素。根据这一背景,提出了环境监测转型的对策,即创新监测体制,加强能力建设,构建文化平台。 相似文献
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介绍了扬中市环境监测站在创建实验室认可的过程中,将环境监测全过程的质量保证措施纳入质量体系文件,并通过检查实施情况,实现对环境监测全过程的质量管理。 相似文献
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论环境监测实验室的HSE管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对环境监测实验室的安全、环保与健康的管理作了全面的阐述,提出应实行程序化、制度化、规范化和一体化的管理,并建立HSE管理体系。这是实施实验室国家认可的要求,也是环境监测实验室走向标准化和现代化的重要标志。 相似文献
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国家标准环境监测实验室建设的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
围绕环境监测现代化建设目标,提出了实现实验室标准化管理的必要性,阐述了实验室认可的发展及认可的内容,探讨了创建标准化实验室实施的要点。 相似文献
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南京市第十二次党代会提出了“跨江发展”战略,标志着江北地区发展进入了一个加速期。同步规划建立先进的环境监测预警体系,是加快实现“三个转变”的具体体现,也是江北地区规划和产业定位的迫切需要。因此,结合南京市的实际,从信息系统、工作机制、技术装备、队伍建设4个方面,阐述了现代化环境监测预警体系的建设要求。 相似文献
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针对环境监测机构在实验室认可管理体系中存在的不容忽视的问题,及对硬件加强计量管理的措施与办法进行了阐述,结合工作实际,着重阐述了环境监测机构应如何将监测分析仪器和标准物质的管理工作,与计量管理部门紧密联系,严格执行计量法的有关规定,确保各项措施落实到位,以保证监测分析仪器的安全、可靠、稳定地运行,从而保证监测数据的准确性、可比性,为环境管理提供有力的技术保障。 相似文献
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Dekker T Greve GD Ter Laak TL Boivin ME Veuger B Gortzak G Dumfries S Lücker SM Kraak MH Admiraal W van der Geest HG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,140(2):231-238
This study reports on the development and application of a whole sediment toxicity test using a benthic cladoceran Chydorus sphaericus, as an alternative for the use of pelagic daphnids. A C. sphaericus laboratory culture was started and its performance under control conditions was optimised. The test was firstly validated by determining dose-response relationships for aqueous cadmium and copper and ammonia, showing a sensitivity of C. sphaericus (96 h LC(50) values of 594 microg Cd/L, 191 microg Cu/L and 46 mg ammonia/L at pH 8) similar to that of daphnids. Next, sediment was introduced into the test system and a series of contaminated sediments from polluted locations were tested. A significant negative correlation between survival and toxicant concentrations was observed. It is concluded that the test developed in the present study using the benthic cladoceran C. sphaericus is suitable for routine laboratory sediment toxicity testing. 相似文献
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We have isolated and characterised a novel aerobic bacterial strain, designated MS3-02, belonging to the genus Janibacter sp. The capability of this new strain to degrade polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a commercial mixture (Aroclor 1242) in liquid medium and in soil (sterile and non sterile soil), under laboratory scale, has been evaluated. MS3-02 was isolated from the soil around of an incinerator, located in the east of Madrid (Spain). Gas-chromatographic analysis showed that MS3-02 was able to reduce most peaks observed in the chromatogram between 70% and 100% after seven days of incubation in a culture mineral medium containing yeast extract, but without the addition of biphenyl. The presence of biphenyl in the culture medium decreased the rate of PCB degradation by this bacterium. Comparing the performance of the MS3-02 in liquid culture medium and in soil, degradation was less efficient in sterile soil and still less efficient in non sterile soil. Under the best conditions (sterile soil and 20 weeks of incubation) MS3-02 was able to reduce, between 50% and 100%, nine of the main gas-chromatographic peaks in Aroclor 1242. 相似文献
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Pollutant-removal efficiency of certain macrophytes and algae, such as Eichhornia crassipes, Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus falcatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas mirabilis, has been tested in laboratory conditions to evaluate their potential role in wastewater treatment. Sewage of Varanasi city, mixed with the effluents of about 1200 small-scale industries, was used for the tests. The investigation was performed in three stages i.e. a water hyacinth culture followed by an algal culture, and finally a second water hyacinth culture. For the first water hyacinth culture, 10 water hyacinth plants were grown in a tank of wastewater with 15 days' retention time. In the second stage, algal species were cultured in the treated wastewater for 5 days, whilst in the third stage, water hyacinth plants were again grown for further treatment of the wastewater for 9 days. This three-stage aquaculture resulted in very high reductions of BOD (96.9%), suspended solids (78.1%), total alkalinity (74.6%), PO(4)-P (89.2%), NO(3)-N (81.7%), acidity (73.3%), NH(4)-N (95.1%), COD (77.9%), hardness (68.6%) and coliform bacteria (99.2%). An increase in the concentration of dissolved oxygen (70%) was also observed. 相似文献
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Quintaneiro C Querido D Monteiro M Guilhermino L Morgado F Soares AM 《Chemosphere》2008,71(10):1803-1808
Acclimation of organisms for ecotoxicity testing is in general processed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and/or Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, under controlled conditions. However, when organisms are collected in the field, their capture, transport and adaptation to laboratory conditions are factors of stress. In their natural habitat, estuarine fish are exposed to considerable fluctuations of environmental variables, while in laboratory they are acclimated to constant conditions and this can be per se a factor of stress that may influence biomarker responses. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of these procedures on estuarine fish performance before using them as test organisms in ecotoxicity bioassays. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of transporting the common goby, Pomatoschistus microps from the field (natural populations) to the laboratory and of its acclimation to laboratory conditions on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Fish were collected in a reference site of the Minho River estuary (NW of Portugal) and the activities of the biomarkers were monitored before and after the transport of organisms to the laboratory and during the acclimation period (at 5, 10 and 15 days). The activities of all the enzymes indicated that capture and transport conditions had no effects on enzymatic activities. Furthermore, AChE, LDH and GST presented higher activities at the end of the acclimation period than at beginning, suggesting a physiological adaptation to laboratory conditions. This adaptation should be taken into consideration in the experimental design to avoid bias in the interpretation of effects of xenobiotics on biomarkers. 相似文献
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The effect of ionic strength on the production of short chain volatile hydrocarbons was studied in cultures of Dunaliella salina. Axenic cultures of D. salina were grown at three different ionic strengths 0.5, 2 and 3 M of NaCl in Johnson (J/1) culture medium [Journal of Bacteriology 95 (1968) 1461] under the following laboratory growth conditions: a 12:12 h photoperiod, 300 micromolm(-2)s(-1) of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) provided by a fluorescent lamp of 40 W combined with a 100 W incandescent lamp at 20 +/- 1 degrees C at pH 7.5. C1 to C5 hydrocarbons were detected using a head space technique and GC-FID. Cell numbers and growth rate was greatest at 2 M NaCl 4.3 x 10(6) cellml(-1) after a 15 days period of culture. Maximum hydrocarbon production was measured in the concentration of 0.5 NaCl with lower production rates in the more concentrated solutions. The principal hydrocarbon was pentane at 0.5 M but was ethane in 2 and 3 M solutions. Production rates for individual compounds ranged between 0.13 and 22 x 10(-15) microgCcell(-1)h(-1). It is suggested that the ability to produce and release volatile organic compounds of D. salina is related to osmotic conditions established by the ionic strength of growth solution. 相似文献
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A. Khlystov M. Lin M.A. Bolch Y. Ma 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(2):364-370
Wet denuders are used in several steam-based semi-continuous aerosol monitors to avoid gaseous absorption artifacts and pre-humidify the air stream, while simultaneously allowing measurements of water-soluble gaseous species. Unlike dry denuders, wet denuders saturate the sample air stream with water vapor, which can lead to re-partitioning of water-soluble volatile species to the aerosol phase, thereby causing a positive artifact in aerosol measurements. This paper investigates the magnitude of the positive artifact formation occurring in wet denuders using modeling techniques. Gaseous nitric acid was used as an example of volatile water-soluble gas in both flat and annular wet denuders. We have also verified the occurrence of the positive artifact in a flat wet denuder through a laboratory experiment. The model results indicate that the magnitude of the artifact is rather limited under typical conditions being less than 2.5% of ambient nitric acid concentration for the flat denuder and less than 0.6% for the annular denuder. The magnitude of the artifact increases with condensational sink of the aerosol (i.e. with the mean aerosol size and number concentration) and aerosol water solubility. While the artifact is relatively small in the absolute sense, it could be substantial for aerosol nitrate measurements, especially in ammonia limited conditions, when the concentration of the nitric acid is high and the concentration of nitrate is low. Therefore, we recommend that the artifact is assessed regularly by replacing the wet denuder with a dry denuder. 相似文献
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Reactive properties of aquifer solid phase materials play an important role in solute fate and transport in the natural subsurface on time scales ranging from years in contaminant remediation to millennia in dynamics of aqueous geochemistry. Quantitative tools for dealing with the impact of natural heterogeneity in solid phase reactivity on solute fate and transport are limited. Here we describe the use of a structural variable to keep track of solute flux exposure to reactive surfaces. With this approach, we develop a non-reactive tracer model that is useful for determining the signature of multi-scale reactive solid heterogeneity in terms of solute flux distributions at the field scale, given realizations of three-dimensional reactive site density fields. First, a governing Eulerian equation for the non-reactive tracer model is determined by an upscaling technique in which it is found that the exposure time of solution to reactive surface areas evolves via both a macroscopic velocity and a macroscopic dispersion in the artificial dimension of exposure time. Second, we focus on the Lagrangian approach in the context of a streamtube ensemble and demonstrate the use of the distribution of solute flux over the exposure time dimension in modeling two-dimensional transport of a solute undergoing simplified linear reversible reactions, in hypothetical conditions following prior laboratory experiments. The distribution of solute flux over exposure time in a given case is a signature of the impact of heterogeneous aquifer reactivity coupled with a particular physical heterogeneity, boundary conditions, and hydraulic gradient. Rigorous application of this approach in a simulation sense is limited here to linear kinetically controlled reactions. 相似文献
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Biosynthesis and release of methylarsenic compounds during the growth of freshwater algae 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Arsenic transformations by freshwater algae have been studied under laboratory conditions. By the use of a new analytical method, we identified methylarsenic(III) species in the growth medium of green-alga Closterium aciculare incubated under axenic conditions. The arsenate concentration in the experimental medium began to decrease just after inoculation, and the levels of arsenite and methylarsenicals increased with the growth of C. aciculare. Initially, most of the arsenate was converted into arsenite, which peaked in concentration during the exponential phase. Methylarsenicals accumulated rapidly in the stationary phase. DMAA(V) production was enhanced when the ratio of phosphate to arsenate decreased in the culture medium. The levels of DMAA(V) increased continuously toward the end of the experiment. On the other hand, methylarsenic(III) species remained relatively steady during the stationary phase. Methylarsenic(III) species accounted for 0-35% of methylarsenicals. These results suggest that arsenite and methylarsenicals (containing methylarsenic(III) species) are supplied by phytoplankton, and serve as evidence of the origin of methylarsenic(III) species in natural waters. 相似文献