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1.
Brad Allenby Cynthia Folsom Murphy David Allen Cliff Davidson 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(1):7-15
Sustainable engineering is a conceptual and practical challenge to all engineering disciplines. Although the profession has
experience with environmental dimensions of engineering activities that in some cases are quite deep, extending the existing
body of practice to sustainable engineering by including social and cultural domains is a significant and non-trivial challenge.
Nonetheless, progress is being made, as a recent study undertaken by the Center for Sustainable Engineering in the United
States demonstrates.
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Brad AllenbyEmail: |
2.
Working toward sustainable community is a complex task for communities especially given the ambiguous nature of implementing
the concept of sustainable development. However, by working to understand the nature of community capital, administrators
can begin to move beyond bottom line thinking toward a more comprehensive and collective view of community. This paper presents
a theoretical framework that helps municipal decision makers begin collecting information they need to help them build sustainable
and resilient communities.
相似文献
Edith G. CallaghanEmail: |
3.
William Ascher 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(2):141-149
The policy sciences, in offering the most comprehensive approach to policy analysis and the sociopolitical processes that
shape policy outcomes, is particularly appropriate for guiding the analysis required to promote sustainability. This article
presents the main components of the policy sciences framework and demonstrates its potency in the crucial task of deepening
the problem definitions required to select and enact policies to promote sustainability. As such, it provides background for
the policy sciences articles of this special feature.
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William AscherEmail: |
4.
J. R. Park M. J. Stabler P. J. Jones S. R. Mortimer J. R. Tiffin R. B. Tranter 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):735-750
The issue of the sustainable development of rural economies in England has recently received considerable attention. This
is because many of the poorest areas in the country are rural, often of high environmental quality, but suffering from high
unemployment and a lack of services and facilities. The rapid decline in agricultural incomes and in-migration of affluent
urban workers since 1990 has exacerbated economic inequality in such areas. A number of factors have the potential to drive
rural development and this paper applies, and considers, the feasibility of a method from the USA for combining economic and
environmental variables in a regional growth model to examine the hypothesis that environmental quality is an important determinant
of sustainable rural development in England. The model output suggests that, although environmental quality does play a role
in sustainable rural development in England there are other, more important, factors driving development. These include business
and communications infra-structure, the degree and opportunities for commuting and underlying employment prospects. The robustness
and limitations of the method for combining economic and environmental variables is discussed in relation to the spatial interrelatedness
of Local Authority Districts in England, and conclusions are drawn about areas for refinement and improvement of the method.
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J. R. ParkEmail: |
5.
Motivation of Japanese companies to take environmental action to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions: an econometric analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To analyze the motivations of Japanese companies to take environmental actions to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
we used FY2006 research data and questioned Japanese industries regarding their reduction of GHG emissions. Empirical investigations
revealed that voluntary targets set by industry organizations, government requirements, and advance responses to possible
future regulations can positively influence environmental actions for GHG emission reduction; however, cost reductions and
corporate social responsibility fulfillment cannot.
相似文献
Seiji IkkataiEmail: |
6.
Peter J. Marcotullio 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(1):27-54
This article reviews water-related urban environmental conditions in Southeast Asia. It argues that the development of urban
environmental challenges in the region follows a unique pattern compared with those experienced in the now developed world.
The new pattern is defined by the so called time–space telescoping of the development process. The process of time–space telescoping reduces the levels of income at which environmental challenges emerge and forces their appearance in a simultaneous fashion,
as sets of problems. During previous eras, cities experienced sequential environmental transitions. Urban water-related environmental
burdens emerged on local scales and expanded geographically and temporally in impact, with growing levels of affluence. Moreover,
certain environmental challenges appeared later in economic growth because the technologies and practices that induced these
problems emerged at higher levels of income. The article has two main findings. First, except for wealthy urban centers, for
example Singapore, cities in the region are experiencing multi-scaled water burdens simultaneously. Second, low-income and
middle-income cities are experiencing burdens at lower levels of income than did their contemporaries in the north.
相似文献
Peter J. MarcotullioEmail: |
7.
T. G. McGee 《Sustainability Science》2008,3(1):155-167
This article explores the special features of the rural–urban transformation in East Asia in the last 30 years within the
broader context of the development strategies of Asian governments. Despite an ongoing commitment to the rhetoric of concern
with rural development, food security and the alleviation of rural poverty, these policies have emphasised the important role
of urbanisation as the prime process influencing economic growth. This is supported by the economic argument that the economies
of scale, the creation of mass urban markets and the higher productivity that occur in urban places make them crucial to development.
This paper argues that this approach creates a false dichotomy between rural and urban areas, whereas development should aim
to increase the linkages between rural and urban areas aimed at producing societal transformations rather than separate rural
and urban transitions. The paper then explores the empirical evidence of rural–urban transitions in East Asia with a more
detailed case study of China, which is considered to be a crucial example because of the size of its population, the special
conditions of market socialism and its institutional capacity to manage the rural–urban transformation. The final section
focusses on the importance of developing spatial sensitivity to the management of the rural–urban transformation in the 21st
century. Old divisions between rural and urban sectors must be replaced by planning that integrates urban and rural activities
so that they adopt sustainable management strategies which utilise concepts of eco-systems in which rural and urban activities
are linked, so as to create sustainable urban regions, cities and societies.
相似文献
T. G. McGeeEmail: |
8.
Bhaskar Nath 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(4):471-486
Most environmental professionals and decision-makers, and certainly the public at large, hold the view that the integrity
of earth’s natural environment will be conserved for posterity and sustainable development achieved if all the nations rigorously
enforced their environmental and emission standards. It is argued in this paper that this view, sincerely held by many as
an “axiomatic truth,” is mistaken and misplaced. This is because as a biogeochemical entity the Earth has limited self-regenerative
capacity (SRC) to cope with anthropogenic pollution, and all kinds of environmental problems ensue when that limit is exceeded.
Indeed, mounting environmental problems now occurring on all fronts amply testify to the fact that the limit has already been
exceeded. They also provide necessary and sufficient proof that environmental and emission standards have been woefully inadequate
for protecting earth’s natural environment and life-support systems. It is argued that true global environmental sustainability
will be achieved, paving the way to true global sustainable development, if and only if global environmental and emission
standards are set so that global anthropogenic pollution does not exceed the limit of earth’s natural SRC to cope with such
pollution. These and related issues are discussed in this paper. A simple mathematical model using basic mathematics is also
presented to explain how the phenomenon of “positive feedback” works in some of the environmental problems to exacerbate environmental
degradation and progressively to erode nature’s SRC.
相似文献
Bhaskar NathEmail: |
9.
Graciela A. Canziani Rosana M. Ferrati Claudio Rossi Diego Ruiz-Moreno 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(4):181-191
The purpose of this work is to assess the impact on the Esteros del Ibera wetland ecosystem caused by the Yacyreta dam, a large hydroelectric power plant on the Parana River, Argentina, in comparison to other factors of environmental change. The project of the dam started around 1970. The power plant began operating in 1994. In 1989, the neighboring Ibera wetland ecosystem showed a substantial increase in the water level for which several different causes were conceivable, including climate change and the dam construction. We analyzed all existing hydrometeorological data and studied other changes that were observed in this ecosystem. A water balance model was used to analyze different scenarios. Increased groundwater inflow, generated since the construction of the dam, appears to be affecting the wetland more than any other factor. The study has implications for the assessment of global and regional consequences of building dams.
相似文献
Graciela A. CanzianiEmail: Phone: +54-2292-447104Fax: +54-2293-446317 |
10.
Cornelia E. Nauen 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(5):605-622
The paper examines preliminary experiences with international scientific cooperation in fisheries, aquaculture and coastal
zone issues through 90 projects in successive European Research Framework Programmes (FP4–FP6: 1994–2006). FPs had increasingly
ambitious objectives in response to international commitments, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Millennium
Development Goals, the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and dialogue with partner regions. Sustainable aquatic food production
in the context of respect for ecosystems was a central concern. Engagement with different social actors and attention to investment
in education, people and institutions enabled uptake of research results in education, innovation and some impact. The emphasis
in several recent projects on more integrated analyses and knowledge products in the public domain is an encouraging response
to the growing crisis of aquatic resource systems. It is suggested that significant up-scaling will be required. This might
be done through institutional internalisation and better translation of research results into policy developments supportive
of transitions towards sustainable production systems and ecosystem rehabilitation. Capacity building to use research in novel
ways and other enabling mechanisms need to be put in place to increase societal and environmental benefits of the research.
相似文献
Cornelia E. NauenEmail: |
11.
Himayatullah Khan 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):293-305
Using survey-based data approach for modeling the demand for environmental goods/resources, this study estimates income and
price elasticities of demand for improved environmental quality of two National Parks in Northern Pakistan. The study uses
data from two studies. The estimates indicate that improved environmental quality effects can be described as a luxury and
an ordinary and price elastic service. Confidence intervals show however that the classification as a luxury is not statistically
significant. Income elasticities of willingness to pay are estimated for a broad range of environmental services. The study
finds that income and willingness to pay vary directly and significantly. The elasticity estimates, in general, are greater
than zero, but less than unity. The study concludes that environmental improvements are more beneficial to low-income groups
than for high-income groups.
相似文献
Himayatullah KhanEmail: |
12.
Kuheli Dutt 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):705-723
This paper examines the environment-income relationship in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and explores
the possible role that factors like governance, political institutions, socioeconomic conditions, and education play in influencing
this relationship. The results suggest that the EKC exists for carbon dioxide emissions for cross-country data over the period
1984–2002. However, there is nothing automatic about this relationship; policies designed to protect the environment may be
responsible for this phenomenon. Two other significant findings are: one, countries with better quality of governance, stronger
political institutions, better socioeconomic conditions and greater investment in education have lower emissions; and two,
only around 15% of the countries in the dataset have reached income levels high enough to be associated with an unambiguous
decline in emissions. The implications of these results are discussed within the context of the international environmental
policy arena and the Kyoto Protocol. One of the main objectives of this paper is to bridge the gap between studies conducted
on the EKC and developments in the international environmental policy arena. As a final note this paper emphasizes that one
needs to connect the body of knowledge on the EKC hypothesis to the international environmental policy arena, despite the
apparent difficulty of doing so. One hopes that future studies will further build on this line of thought.
相似文献
Kuheli DuttEmail: |
13.
Wilfred Nyangena 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):745-767
Soil erosion is a major environmental problem and threat to rural development in Kenya. Numerous attempts to address the problem
have apparently had little success. There are however some districts that have been very successful, notably Machakos. In
this study we search for the factors that determine successful development in soil conservation such as social capital, human
capital and market integration. One of our main results is that social capital measures are significant determinants of investment
in soil conservation. A better understanding of the relevant mechanisms is essential for developing policies targeting improvement
in natural resource management.
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Wilfred NyangenaEmail: |
14.
This report summarizes the results of two studies of electricity supply for Europe (EU), the Middle East (ME) and North Africa
(NA) up to the year 2050. It shows that a transition to competitive, secure and sustainable supply of electricity and water
is possible using renewable energy sources, efficiency gains and fossil fuel backup for balancing power. A strong cooperation
between the EU and MENA for the market introduction of renewable energy and the interconnection of the electricity grids by
high-voltage direct-current transmission are keys to the success and survival of the whole region. However, the necessary
measures will take at least two decades to become effective. Therefore, adequate policy and economic frameworks for their
realization must be introduced immediately. The importance of sustainable energy for the security of freshwater supplies in
MENA is also described.
相似文献
Hans Müller-SteinhagenEmail: |
15.
Tahmina Khatun 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):439-457
The objective of the paper is to measure environmental degradation on the basis of some selected indicators by the application
of a simple multivariate technique known as Principal Component Analysis. For this purpose the study considered six variables,
namely, GDP per capita, fuel consumption, total fertility rate, water supply, sanitation, and electricity. However, because
of unavailability of data, the variables such as technology relating to environment, waste disposal, air pollution, women/gender
issues relating to environment, corruption, democracy etc. could not be considered. The results show that principal components
explain about 62% of the variations in the level of environmental degradation. The variables like GDP per capita, fuel consumption,
water supply and electricity played a major role in classifying the countries in terms of environmental degradation compared
to the variables, sanitation and total fertility rate. The findings show that countries which have high GDP per capita, low
fuel consumption, higher percentage of people having access to water supply and sanitation as well as electricity ranked higher
in terms of environmental quality despite high fertility rate as shown by the spectacular example of Saudi Arabia. By contrast,
those countries which have low percentage of population having access to safe water and sanitation as well as electricity,
high fuel consumption and high fertility were ranked lower in terms of environmental quality despite high per capita income,
as shown by the example of Angola which is placed in lowest position among the 51 selected countries. The results also show
that correlation between poverty and environmental degradation is particularly acute in African countries where high population
growth is acting as an exacerbating factor. The study concluded that high fertility has much impact on environmental degradation
in case of poorer countries than in case of rich countries.
相似文献
Tahmina KhatunEmail: |
16.
Himayatullah Khan Ehsan Inamullah Khadija Shams 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):375-392
This study explores the interlinkages among population, environment and poverty and presents empirical evidence in a developing
country like Pakistan. It gives alternative views on population environment linkages. It explains poverty trap, market based
harmony, and dual effect of poverty on the basis of a link between population growth and natural resource degradation. In
addition, the paper also highlights social and political instability through population-poverty-environment spiral. It also
presents empirical evidence on population-environment-poverty nexus in Pakistan. It also compares environmental sustainability
index and human development index for selected Asian countries. The paper also gives scores for different components of environmental
sustainability index for Pakistan and compares these with India. The paper concludes that the causal relationship between
poverty and environment works in both directions, often through changes in GDP and population. Population stress does not
have any significant direct effect on all aspects of environmental status in Pakistan.
相似文献
Himayatullah KhanEmail: |
17.
Athanasios Ragkos Asimakis Psychoudakis Argiro Christofi Alexandros Theodoridis 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(4):193-200
This study proposes the valuation of wetland functions as an alternative to the conventional approach to wetland valuation, in order to derive indicators for decision-making in wetland management. It is illustrated that these functions can be valuated in terms of the goods and services they provide to society. Using a functional approach, the functions are identified and the goods and services they provide are explicitly allocated among them; then, the latter are valuated with the Contingent Valuation method. Statistical analysis of the data provides welfare measures that reflect the value of these functions. It is argued that the values of separate functions are more useful in policy-making than their aggregated value.
相似文献
Athanasios RagkosEmail: Phone: +30-2310-998826Fax: +30-2310-998828 |
18.
William Ascher 《Sustainability Science》2006,1(1):15-22
Given progress in policies for pursuing sustainable development, promoting commitment to thinking and acting more far-sightedly has become the primary strategic challenge. In the face of impatience, selfishness, uncertainty, analytical limitations, and vulnerability, strategies for promoting far-sightedness can be identified by assessing how these obstacles can be overcome. Strategies for creating or rescheduling tangible and deference rewards, realigning performance evaluations, implementing cognitive exercises, framing communications, altering decision-making processes, using self-restraint devices both to resist temptation and to enhance credibility, altering institutions to empower the patient, and stabilizing living conditions are the major categories for identifying and assessing the many strategies which arise out of both ordinary and constitutive policy initiatives.
相似文献
William AscherEmail: Phone: +1-909-6073071Fax: +1-909-6218419 |
19.
Akimasa Sumi 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(1):67-76
Environmental issues and the future sustainability of society are among the greatest concerns facing society today. How to
formulate a pathway toward a sustainable society is a critical question. Several issues associated with this question are
presented and discussed. First, a structuring of the issues is presented. The environment can be said to consist of three
systems—the natural, social, and human—and their interactions; environmental problems may therefore be defined in terms of
perturbations of the interactions among the three systems. A sustainable society can be realized by restoring these interactions.
Next, the characteristics of the issues are discussed. Because environmental issues relate to the future, forecasts of the
future are essential. Because it is impossible to predict the future with complete accuracy, however, we should develop a
method of using information about the future with allowance for error. It should be noted that error characteristics differ
according to their time-scale. Third, the relationship between environmental issues and society is discussed. To take collective
action on these issues we need society-wide consensus, which requires a reliable and objective platform. Here, more attention
must be paid to the distribution of knowledge across society, because scientific knowledge in a modern society tends to be
monopolized by research organizations. The role of the media is therefore important. Another important factor is the commitment
of the general public; user-friendly ways of galvanizing such commitment should be developed.
相似文献
Akimasa SumiEmail: |
20.
Gregory Ponthiere 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):677-694
This paper aims at assessing the extent to which the ecological footprint indicator (EF) can be regarded as an exhibit allowing
an intergenerational trial about the use of natural resources. For that purpose, we examine various criticisms questioning
the relevancy of EF measures for the study of environmental justice between generations. We explore the difficulties raised
by the physical—and highly aggregated—nature of EF measures, as well as problems related to the number, the possible non-existence,
and the tastes of future generations. The extent to which postulates on nature’s regeneration and technological progress affect
the significance of EF studies is also discussed. It is concluded that those criticisms, by identifying various weaknesses
of EF measures for the study of intergenerational justice, point to several crucial refinements of existing EF-based analyses.
相似文献
Gregory PonthiereEmail: |