城市避难场所的规划建设和管理

城市避难场所是城市抗震防灾体系的重要组成部分,分析我国避难场所实施过程中出现的一些问题,提出科学规划避难场所,规范有序推进避难场所建设,做好避难场所维护管理,提高城市综合防灾能力,最大限度减少地震等突发灾害造成的人员伤亡和财产损失。     

北京市地震与建筑科学教育馆正式开放

正5月12日上午,由北京市地震局与北京市规划展览馆联合建设的地震与建筑科学教育馆正式开放,并举行了体验日活动。中国地震局党组书记、局长陈建民,北京市委常委、副市长陈刚出席活动。地震与建筑科学教育馆充分汲取和借鉴国内外防震减灾科普宣传教育场馆先进经验,由北京市地震局和北京市规划展览馆共同策划、设计和建设完成的。它以提高公众科学避险意识为核心任务,通过科学、系统、生动、直观的宣传方式,全方位介绍地震和建筑抗震的相     

"城中村"改造中的城市抗震设防工作探讨——以西安市"城中村"改造和建设为例

在搜集西安市“城中村”现状资料的基础上,重点归纳总结了其房屋抗震设防方面存在的问题。通过简述政府对“城中村”改造建设的指导思想、规划计划、工作思路、组织领导、立项审批等,说明了改造建设后新区的房屋抗震设防情况,并对新区的防震保安工作进行了粗浅的探讨。     

宝鸡市抗震防灾规划梗概

抗震防灾规划是减轻地震灾害,指导城市规划、建设及管理的重要依据。本文扼要叙述了宝鸡市在震前、临震、震末、震后四个时期中抗震防灾工作的技术思路和主要原则,具体介绍了土地利用、工程抗震、避难疏散、生命线系统、防止次生灾害、应急与抢险救灾、抗震宣传与训练等规划的梗概,可供具有中强地震背景的其他中等城市参考。     

关于地震灾害预防

在震灾害预防是指地震发生之前应做的防御性工作，包括工程性防御措施和非工程性防御措施两个方面。工程性防御措施是指对新建、扩建、改建工程必须按照抗震设防要求和工程建设强制性标准进行抗震设防。     

《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则》出版发行

以中国地震局工程力学研究所、中国建筑科学研究院工程抗震研究所和哈尔滨工业大学为主编单位 ,由谢礼立院土和王亚勇研究员主编的中国工程建设标准化协会标准《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则》已出版发行 ,于2 0 0 4年 8月 1日开始正式试用。本通则是在国家自然科学基金“九五”重大项目、地震科学联合基金“九五”重点项目、中国地震局“九五”重点项目和科学技术部基础性工作专项的研究基础上 ,经过对美国、日本、欧洲和中国台湾的建筑抗震设计规范和样板规范进行分析研究后 ,结合中国的抗震经验和研究成果 ,按国际上最新的抗震设计思想——…     

农村民居抗震性能措施与对策

中国地震局局长陈建民在“中国科学与人文论坛”上指出:我国农村民居的抗震设防关系到人民群众生命财产安全、社会稳定和经济稳定。逐步提高农村防震能力是当前迫切开展的一项工作。长期以来,由于缺乏法律强制要求, 缺乏防震减灾意识和知识,经济相对落后,特别是位于地震高烈度区的农村民居和村镇公共设施的设防能力十分薄弱。针对这一现状,有必要提出提高农村民居抗震性能的一些措施。     

大庆油田抗震防灾系统工程研究

本文从系统科学和抗震防灾整体分析的角度，论述了大庆油田“八五”期间抗震防灾方面已进行的研究和需待解决的问题，并对油田建立抗震防灾专家系统进行了探讨，指出对油田抗震防灾生命线系统进行可靠性研究的必要性。     

2008年全国地震局长会暨党风廉政会在京召开

2008年全国地震局长会议暨党风廉政建设工作会议,于3月26—27日在北京京丰宾馆召开。中国地震局党组书记、局长陈建民做了重要的工作报告。陈局长在报告中总结了2007年全国防震减灾工作和党风廉政建设工作,部署了2008年防震减灾工作八项任务,同时对党风廉政建设工作提出了四点要求。与会代表热烈讨论了陈局长的工作报告,并结合本单位实际情况提出了许多建议,     

阿旗地震局为天山镇城市总体规划献计献策

内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗天山镇，是旗委旗政府所在地，是一座独具魅力，典型的草原小城。为了加快天山镇城市建设步伐，提高城市品味，阿旗委政府召开天山镇城市总体规划编制工作会议，阿旗地震局作为成员单位主动对接，就天山镇所面临的地震危险性和地震地质构造分布，结合总体规划中关于抗震设防的要求积极建言献策，依法保障天山镇城市规划的地震安全。     

岩土矿物与疾病

地方病是与地质环境有一定依存性的疾病。它的致病物质除直接来自人类生产和生活制品外,主要源于自然界的大气、水土、岩石中。换言之,人类生存发育与一定地区的水、土和生物化学元素含量有关,当某些元素含量过高,与人需要量不相适应时,就可能导致人发生某种疾病。归纳与地质因素有关的地方病有甲状腺肿(克汀病)、克山病、硒中毒、氟中毒、铜毒、铅毒症、不孕症、食道癌、肝癌、布鲁氏菌病、鼻咽癌、口腔癌、乳腺癌等。     

陕西汉中“98.7”洪涝灾害剖析

对汉中市１９９８年７月上旬的雨情、灾情作了初步统计,分析了致灾原因及经验与教训。     

Foundations of community disaster resilience: well-being,identity, services,and capitals

If community disaster resilience is to mature into a robust and lasting area of research, methodologically facilitated dialogue between empirical observations and theory is necessary. However, methodological and empirical research has outpaced community disaster resilience theory. To address this gap, a theoretical framework called WISC is presented. WISC is named after four constructs of the framework: well-being, identity, services, and capitals. WISC relates the two concepts of community and infrastructure, broadly defined, to the four constructs it is named after. The 4 constructs are respectively defined by 29 variables. The broadest interpretation of WISC is that infrastructure supports and facilitates components of community within human settlements. Infrastructure is represented as combinations of capitals and services; community is represented by connections of identity and well-being. Ultimately, well-being of a community is dependent on that community's collective capital. But these two constructs are mediated by the intervening constructs of identity and services. WISC goes beyond existing frameworks by addressing essential elements of theory building that have been overlooked in the literature, while synthesizing other frameworks and areas of knowledge. WISC provides a powerful foundation for posing and evaluating hypotheses, improving data collection efforts, and, most importantly, enabling critical theory building.     

Social entrepreneurship,co-production,and post-disaster recovery

Post-disaster recovery requires co-production; that is, the inputs of citizens are essential for successful community recovery to occur. Citizens contribute to post-disaster recovery by volunteering, taking on consultative and decision-making roles within their communities, and directly participating in post-disaster reconstruction efforts. Without meaning ful contributions from citizens—the intended beneficiaries—unilateral efforts by public officials and authorities will inevitably fail. This study shows that social entrepreneurs can thus play a critical role in spurring post-disaster recovery by facilitating co-production. It focuses on the role of social entrepreneurs after disasters and centres on one rural village, Giranchaur Namuna Basti in the Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal. Specifically, the study uses the case of the Dhurmus Suntali Foundation's Namuna village project in Giranchaur following the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck on 25 April 2015 to examine the pivotal role that social entrepreneurs assume in promoting voluntary activities, community engagement, and participation in post-disaster recovery efforts.     

Ethnicity,income, and disaster preparedness in Deep South Texas,United States

This paper examines the influence of a series of demographic and socioeconomic factors on preparedness outcomes for a sample of residents of the Rio Grande Valley in the southernmost part of Texas, United States. Data were collected as part of the regional Pulse of the Valley Study, a general social survey of south Texas residents conducted by the Center for Survey Research at the University of Texas‐Rio Grande Valley. The purpose of this investigation is to understand better the effects of ethnicity and income on preparedness within a region of the US that suffers from widespread poverty and limited infrastructure and is prone to flooding and hurricanes. Taken together, the results suggest that while age, disaster experience, and income are associated with preparedness, the relationship between preparedness and ethnicity remains complex. Furthermore, policymakers should consider initiatives that address the socioeconomic and other issues that shape preparedness for a disaster.     

Immediate behavioural responses to earthquakes in Christchurch,New Zealand,and Hitachi,Japan

This study examines people's immediate responses to earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and Hitachi, Japan. Data collected from 257 respondents in Christchurch and 332 respondents in Hitachi revealed notable similarities between the two cities in people's emotional reactions, risk perceptions, and immediate protective actions during the events. Respondents' physical, household, and social contexts were quite similar, but Hitachi residents reported somewhat higher levels of emotional reaction and risk perception than did Christchurch residents. Contrary to the recommendations of emergency officials, the most frequent response of residents in both cities was to freeze. Christchurch residents were more likely than Hitachi residents to drop to the ground and take cover, whereas Hitachi residents were more likely than Christchurch residents to evacuate immediately the building in which they were situated. There were relatively small correlations between immediate behavioural responses and demographic characteristics, earthquake experience, and physical, social, or household context.     

滇、桂、粤、闽、台灾害链讨论

由于对洪水、台风和巨大风暴潮的长期预测尚有一定困难，因之需要多学科进行综合研究。本文通过对滇、桂、粤、闽、台地区历史上大震后同年或次年发生上述重大气象灾害的事实，讨论了灾害链的预测，同时也讨论了灾害链的形成机制，包括构造活动、北回归线效应以及孟加拉湾大桥活动的双重后果。文中还提出了4条减灾对策。