基于 分析的余热发电对水泥熟料生产能源利用率影响评价

本文研究水泥熟料生产过程中各个生产系统的效率,并对余热发电前后每个系统的效率进行分析对比,从而得出各个系统的资源能源利用程度以及余热发电工程对每个系统能量利用率的影响,诊断水泥熟料生产过程的损失发生位置并发现系统的节能和余热回收利用的潜力,为管理者实施节能降耗的方案提供技术支持.研究表明,实施余热发电工程前,水泥熟料生产的原料制备系统、煤粉制备系统、回转窑系统的效率分别为4.5%、1.4%和33.7%;实施余热发电工程后,效率分别为7.8%、2.8%和38.1%.余热发电工程可回收回转窑系统总投入的3.7%,同时使原料制备系统、煤粉制备系统、回转窑系统的效率分别提高3.3%、1.4%和4.3%.     

鹿泉市：小水泥企业彻底退出历史舞台

3月31日晚,随着拆除水泥机立窑零点行动的结束,鹿泉市内仅剩的长城水泥厂、巨牛建材厂等7家水泥企业的10条机立窑生产线被关停拆除,比原计划提前了21个月。至此,该市存在了40余年的水泥机立窑生产工艺彻底退出了历史舞台。截至目前,新型干法旋窑水泥生产工艺在该市水泥行业应用达到100％,按照等量替代的原则,目前该市正在新建曲寨、鼎鑫、     

20 MW水泥窑纯低温余热发电工程设计介绍

利用生产过程中产生的废气余热发电,是水泥生产企业发展循环经济的一种选择模式.介绍了江苏恒来建材股份有限公司水泥窑配套20 MW纯低温余热发电工程的设计方案、工艺流程和设备选型.该工程正常运行后的效益分析表明纯低温余热发电装置目前在我国水泥企业具有广阔的推广应用前景.     

水泥行业清洁生产分析

通过对某新型干法水泥熟料项目清洁生产水平的分析,提出水泥行业清洁生产评价的内容及指标,并简述了清洁生产在水泥行业节能减排中的作用。     

环保发展 谱写水泥生产新篇章——记涿鹿金隅水泥有限公司

涿鹿金隅水泥有限公司隶属于华北地区最大的水泥供应商——北京金隅集团(股份)。公司位于河北省张家口市涿鹿县卧佛寺乡大斜阳村,总投资7.5亿元,2009年6月份破土动工,2010年5月18日4000吨/天熟料水泥生产线正式点火投产。该生产线采用新型干法预分解生产工艺和纯低温余热发电技术,具有年产熟料170万吨,年产P.O42.5普通硅酸盐水泥120万吨,P.C32.5复合硅酸盐水泥80万吨的生产能力;年发电量为8064×104千瓦时,年供电量为7420×104千瓦时。生产线工艺先进,设计合理,节能减排效果明显。一是生产线的计算机控制系统在中央控制室集中管理,从原料处理到水泥包装的生产管理,全部实现自动化控制。二是采用最新技术的冷却机,其热效率高达75%以上,可有效回收出窑熟料的热量,并     

新型干法水泥生命周期环境影响评价

本文以新型干法水泥生产中的原材料开采过程,水泥生产过程、运输过程中的直接环境影响和电力生产、煤生产的间接环境影响为研究对象,运用物料平衡理论和生命周期评价方法,对水泥生命周期的环境影响进行定量研究,并进行综合分析,为建材行业建立相关的生产标准提供方法借鉴,进而促进建筑业循环经济的健康发展.     

水泥余热发电项目的环保验收监测评价

介绍了某水泥厂5 000 t/d新型干法水泥生产线,利用窑头和窑尾废气进行纯低温余热发电的项目.分析了该项目对周围水、气、声、渣产生的环境影响.结论表明:水泥余热发电项目不仅不会时周围环境产生负面影响,而且会带来环境效益,同时为企业节省大笔电赍开支,是典型的绿色环保项目.可以为同类型企业废气余热综合利用提供有益的借鉴.     

新型干法水泥生产线PM_(2.5)超细颗粒物排放测试方法研究

近来,PM2.5因含大量有毒有害物质,对人体健康和大气环境质量产生很大影响而受到社会关注,其防治已成为我国"十二五"环境保护重点工作之一。我国水泥产量已占全球的60%,且今后几年可能还会增长。据统计,2009年我国水泥行业颗粒物排放量约占工业排放总量的30%。这些颗粒中有多少PM2.5目前还是个未知数。这些颗粒物的PM2.5该如何测试?哪种方法更好?将针对新型干法水泥厂烟气的特点来探讨合理的PM2.5测试方法。     

水泥厂余热利用研究

水泥是一种主要的建筑材料,水泥窑炉在生产过程中会排放出高中温烟气,这些余热资源可以被直接或者间接利用,会带来良好的经济效益和社会效益。根据发电设备的类型来确定余热发电技术,同时还要考虑工艺操作流程、规范等因素。为有助于环境保护、能源节约、经济效益提升,需要充分利用生产时产生的热量。随着当今社会对低碳、环保的发展要求逐渐强化,余热发电技术的研究与应用对企业发展和社会的持续发展具有重要的意义。     

新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的技术与优势

本文综述了利用新型干法水泥窑处置固体废弃物的国内外现状,探讨了该方法在技术上的可行性,分析了其在环保上的优势。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.