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研究了间歇试验条件下,2,4-二硝基酚(2,4-DNP)与葡萄糖共基质时的厌氧降解动力学.结果表明:2,4-DNP与葡萄糖能同时被微生物降解;葡萄糖浓度高低对2,4-DNP的降解影响不大,而2,4-DNP的存在明显影响COD的降解.当2,4-DNP浓度<225 mg/L时,其比降解速率随浓度增大而增大,浓度为225 mg/L时比降解速率达到最大;由于底物抑制,当2,4-DNP浓度>225 mg/L时,其比降解速率呈下降趋势.选用Andrews非竞争性抑制模型描述2,4-DNP厌氧降解动力学,对实验数据进行非线性拟合,求得模型参数qmax、Ks和Ki分别为3.24 mg/(h·g)、196.23 mg/L和165.91mg/L,实验数据与该动力学方程拟合较好. 相似文献
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来自甲烷发酵的厌氧污泥在反硝化条件下 ,可以对苯二甲酸 ( Terephthalic Acid,简称 TA)为唯一碳源快速驯化富集 TA厌氧降解菌 ,然后转换到甲烷发酵状态 ,到第 6周时 ,获得的 TA降解速度为 2 2 .6mg TA/g VSS· day,是对照实验的 2 .1倍。经过约 90天的驯化 ,原存在于种污泥中的发酵性细菌几乎全部消亡 ,新的培养物中取而代之的是 TA还原和开环菌 ,TA降解菌的驯化过程和富集过程是偶联的。MPN计数和滚管计数进一步证实了上述结果。 相似文献
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考察了Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+、Fe2+4种重金属离子对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解速率的影响,并通过描述金属离子抑制作用的修正方程对实验进行拟合,研究了其动力学特征.结果表明,在0~500mg/L投加浓度范围内,Fe2+对2-CP的厌氧降解过程基本不抑制,Ni2+、Cu2+、Cd2+则存在明显抑制,抑制程度Cu2+﹥Ni2+﹥Cd2+.相同的抑制强度下,抑制浓度CIP-Cu﹤CIP-Ni﹤CIP-Cd.修正方程能较好地表征金属离子的抑制作用与该离子对降解速率的最大抑制浓度(I*)以及投加浓度之间的定量关系.由该方程拟合结果可得到Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+对25mg/L 2-CP降解的I*值分别为458.7,1693.5,1528.5mg/L,I*及指数m值的大小表明金属离子对2-CP厌氧降解的抑制Cu2+﹥Ni2+﹥Cd2+. 相似文献
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造纸黑液间歇厌氧处理的动力学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文是造纸黑液厌氧处理的间歇试验研究。对结果进行了动力学分析。结果表明:在经过适当的修正后,Monod 方程可以很好地描述造纸黑液厌氧发酵过程中的基质降解规律,并由此得出厌氧处理的最大去除率。文中还研究了微生物生长动力学及产气动力学,并对影响造纸黑液厌氧发酵的因素进行了分析。 相似文献
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通过在实验室模拟不同的环境条件,研究常用有机氯化合物——六氯乙烷(Hexachloroethane,HCE)在好氧和厌氧环境条件中的土壤生物降解动态及其影响因素。结果表明,HCE在水稻土中的降解遵循一级反应动力学方程。相对于好氧条件,厌氧条件下土壤微生物对HCE的降解影响较大。在厌氧条件下,在3060 mg/kg的浓度范围内,HCE的降解随土壤中HCE起始浓度增加而加快,当浓度≥60 mg/kg时,随HCE起始浓度增加而减慢。而在好氧条件下,HCE的降解速率变化较小,表明相对于好氧条件,厌氧条件下土壤微生物可以利用HCE生长,在未达到其毒性耐受浓度时,HCE降解速率随着其浓度的增加而提高,但当浓度超过微生物的耐受极限浓度时,微生物活动将受到抑制,HCE的降解速率呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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A two-stage anaerobic system for biodegrading wastewater containing terephthalic acid and high strength easily degradable pollutants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IntroductionTerephthalicacid (TA)isoneoftherawmaterialswidelyusedinthepetrochemicalsynthesisindustrysuchasresin ,terylenefibre ,plasticfilmanddyeandsoon .In 1999,thetotaloutputofTAwasabout10 0billiontonperyear,andcountriesorareasproducingTAincludeUSA ,Japan ,Sou… 相似文献
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Biodegradability of terephthalic acid in terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
As the characteristic pollutant,terephthalic acid(TA)was in charge of 40%-78% of the total COD of terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPW-water).The studies on biodegradability of TA were conducted in a serial of activated sludge reactors with TPW-water.TA appeared to be readily biodegradable with removal efficiency over 96.5% under aerobic conditions,hardly biodegradable with removal efficiency below 10% under anoxic conditions and slowly biodegradable with a turnover between 31.4% and 56.0% under anaerobic conditions. TA also accounted for the majority of BOD in TPW-water.The process combined by anoxic,anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge reactor was suitable for TA degradation and TPW-water treatment.Further, the aerobic process was essentially much more effective than the anaerobic or anoxic one to degrade TA in TPW-water. 相似文献
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利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)和液相色谱-质谱联用(LC/MS)对碱减量印染废水特征污染物在不同条件下生物降解产物进行了研究.结果表明,对苯二甲酸(TA)、分散橙4RL、分散蓝2BLN3种特征污染物在好氧环境和厌氧环境中都可以降解,其中TA最容易降解,2BLN次之,4RL的生物降解性能最差.4RL分解过程产生大量对微生物具有很强的抑制作用的苯胺类物质;易降解物质的添加可以增强难降解物质的分解,这种作用在厌氧条件下更加明显.对特征污染物的分解规律进行了分析和推断. 相似文献
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目前污水处理面临脱氮除磷效率低下的问题,其原因是污水中有机物含量高但可生物降解有机物含量不足,而可生物降解有机物是脱氮除磷微生物的重要碳源。部分固体废弃物具有有机物含量高、价廉易得、易生物降解等特点,因此将固体废弃物作为外加碳源提高污水的脱氮除磷效果具有良好的前景。通过对污泥、农业废物、水产养殖废物、厨余垃圾等固体废弃物的特点及其水解液作碳源的研究现状进行分析,指出了目前固体废弃物作碳源存在的问题及未来的研究方向,为学者后期研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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可生化性试验与评价方法研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以5种废水为研究对象,通过确定其8h相对耗氧率R(%)来作为可生化性评价指标,R(%)〉100为易生化;100〉R(%)〉30为可生化;30〉R(%)〉0为难生化,该文还通过模拟氧化塘处理废水,证明COD去除率同R(%)呈显著正相关,说明了相对耗经的准确性和实用性,与BOD、/COD法相比,该法测定快速,简便实用。 相似文献
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GUAN Bao-hong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(3):419-424
Terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPD wastewater), containing averaged 710 mg/L terephthalic acid(TA) as the main carbon source and the character pollutant, was subjected to expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) process. The stability of the EGSB process was firstly conducted by laboratory experiment. TA ionization was the predominated factor influencing the acid-base balance of the system. High concentration of TA in wastewater resulted in sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids(VFA)generated from substrate degradation and provided strong base for anaerobic system to resist the pH decrease below 6.5. VFA and UFA caused almost no inhibition on the anaerobic process and biogas production except that pH was below 6.35 and VFA was at its maximum value. Along with the granulating of the activated sludge, the efficiency of organic removal and production rate of biogas increased gradually and became more stable. After start-up, the efficiency of COD removal increased to 57%—64%, pH stabilized in a range of 7.99—8.04, and production rate of biogas was relatively high and stable. Sludge granulating, suitable influent of pH and loading were responsible for the EGSB stability. The variation of VFA concentration only resulted in neglectable rebound of pH, and the inhibition from VFA could be ignored in EGSB. The EGSB reactor was stable for TPD wastewater treatment. 相似文献
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The soluble microbial products (SMP) in the biological treatment effluent are generally of great amount and are poorly biodegradable. Focusing on the biodegradation of anaerobic SMP, the biological activated carbon (BAC) was introduced into the anaerobic system. The experiments were conducted in two identical lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. The high strength organics were degraded in the first UASB reactor (UASB1) and the second UASB (UASB2, i.e., BAC) functioned as a polishing step to remove SMP produced in UASB1. The results showed that 90% of the SMP could be removed before granular activated carbon was saturated. After the saturation, the SMP removal decreased to 60% on the average. Analysis of granular activated carbon adsorption revealed that the main role of SMP removal in BAC reactor was biodegradation. A strain of SMP-degrading bacteria, which was found highly similar to Klebsiella sp., was isolated, enriched and inoculated back to the BAC reactor. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 10,000 mg/L and the organic loading rate achieved 10 kg COD/(m 3 ·day), the effluent from the BAC reactor could meet the discharge standard without further treatment. Anaerobic BAC reactor inoculated with the isolated Klebsiella was proved to be an effective, cheap and easy technical treatment approach for the removal of SMP in the treatment of easily-degradable wastewater with COD lower than 10,000 mg/L. 相似文献