浅析我国清洁生产推行现状及对策

我国推进清洁生产相关工作已有数十年的历史,在环境保护活动中,推动了末端治理向过程控制和源头治理加速转变,有效提升了政府、企业和社会公众重视和参与清洁生产的主观能动性和积极性。清洁生产不仅丰富了环境保护工作手段,有效遏制了环境恶化,对推动经济结构战略性调整和发展方式的转变也起到了重要作用。本文通过对清洁生产现状分析,针对清洁生产存在的问题,提出对策建议。     

水泥行业清洁生产潜力评价方法的建立与应用

判断水泥企业的清洁生产水平，从而推动企业开展清洁生产是一件非常有意义的工作。通过利用生命周期法和专家打分的方法，制定出评价指标原则和建立评价指标体系，运用层次分析法计算权重，最终得出水泥企业的清洁生产水平潜力。通过三个水泥厂的实例检验，证明本评价方法能够达到科学地评估水泥企业的清洁生产程度和发掘企业的清洁生产潜力的目的。     

新疆化工企业清洁生产潜力分析——以新疆中泰化学华泰重化工有限责任公司为例

在对清洁生产潜力分析方法简要介绍的基础上,引入Umberto（R）物流管理软件,对华泰化工公司PVC生产线进行建模分析、评估,查找浪费环节,提高企业资源能源利用水平,同时为其它企业进行类似分析提供思路。     

清洁生产审核在石油企业基层的应用研究

文章总体介绍了中国石化河南油田分公司古城油矿实施清洁生产审核的概况,针对基层开展清洁生产审核工作的现状,重点分析了审核过程中存在的各种问题:审核培训的深度和力度不够,基层清洁生产审核的人力、物力资源严重不足等。提出提高基层清洁生产审核效果的对策:加强全员清洁生产知识和审核方法的培训,选定合适的清洁生产审核单元,充分利用好现有的技术资源。通过实施清洁生产方案取得了较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

建立与完善清洁生产环境标准体系

论述了建立与完善清洁生产环境标准体系是促进清洁生产全面发展和实施清洁生产促进法的必要条件。并说明了建立的原则、框架、作用及完善步骤。     

实施清洁生产 促进可持续发展

本文简要介绍了清洁生产的概念及其产生、发展，通过对企业的环境污染成因、政策和法规等方面进行清洁生产分析，从原材料和能源替代、生产过程优化控制、工艺技术改进、废物处理与循环利用、科学量化管理等角度阐述了我国推行清洁生产的潜力与意义，并针对我国清洁生产实施状况提出对策。     

浅谈清洁生产审核企业后监管体系建设

清洁生产审核企业后监管体系的建立是对现有清洁生产政策法规的有利补充,是加强对企业可持续清洁生产工作管理的客观要求。本文通过对后监管体系建设的必要性及其框架内容的描述,为区域后监管体系的建成提供科学的参考和借鉴。     

清洁生产审核目标设置与验证新方法——EP相对法

本文通过对现行清洁生产审核目标两种设置方法——总量法和单位指标法进行剖析,指出其不足,进而创造性地提出新的目标设置与验证方法——EP相对法。EP相对法是利用能量与产量关系图及其衍生的一元线性回归模型对不同产量下的能耗进行预测性计算,并将其结果做基准数据的一种新的清洁生产审核目标设置与验证方法。它有效地克服了现有设置方法...     

清洁生产与可持续发展

根据“清洁生产”的产生及其重要性,论述了要保进环境和经济的协调发展,走可持续发展道路,就必须积极推行清洁生产。     

基于数据包络分析的企业清洁生产评价模型

由于缺乏权重的信息,使得许多清洁生产综合评价方法在应用上受到限制。本文根据清洁生产评价指标的特征,将资源能源综合利用指标等非期望输入等作为一种输出,污染物指标等非期望输出作为一种输入,引入到数据包络分析模型中,对企业的清洁生产方案进行科学客观的有效性评价,并找出非有效的方案,对其进行有效性改进。为企业决策提供技术理论支持,对推进我国清洁生产也具有重要的意义。     

Assessment of Environmental Water Demands (EWD) of Forests for Two Distinct Indian Ecosystems

Sustainable use of water and land resources requires that these scarce resources be appropriately allocated among various competing human activities. Worldwide, there is a realization now that sustainable river basin management should be accorded the highest priority, because it deals not only with technical, but also with ecological and socioeconomic aspects, and thus calls for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach. However, most of the policy and planning documents have either remained silent, or have made only implicit reference to the importance of environmental water demand (EWD) and its quantification. Therefore, in the light of its importance, a methodology has been evolved in this article for quantifying EWD for various forested areas in two distinctly different Indian river basins: Brahmani (humid zone) and Sabarmati (dry zone). The article analyzes and discusses EWD estimates at three different spatial levels: river basins, states, and districts within them, and finally presents a comparative analysis of all these results. Findings of the present study will be immensely useful in understanding various ecological issues connected with water resource projects and proposals in these river basins.     

中小镁厂清洁生产初探

以小型镁厂为例,分析其设备选型、生产工艺、原材料和能源消耗、污染防治,提出中小镁厂进行清洁生产的建议和措施。以期为中小镁厂今后的工程设计、技术改进及工程投运后的环境管理决策提供科学依据。     

Conservation of resources in the pulp and paper industry derived from cleaner production approach

This paper analyses the utilization of water and recycled fiber from waste paper for the production in one Serbian cardboard mill. Water and fiber consumption, wastewater generation and its characteristics, as well as sludge recirculation were monitored during production of various paper types, with different grade and weight. The aim was to evaluate production rationality and running stability concerning water and fiber utilization and possibilities for their conservation. Cleaner production measures inside the mill and in the effluent treatment plant were suggested for the improvement of wastewater quality and water conservation. Savings in water and fibers were estimated, with the respect to economic and environmental aspects of proposed cleaner production measures.     

清洁生产:由生产领域扩展至消费领域——结合《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》相关规定评析之

本文通过分析清洁生产和消费的含义,指出清洁生产的调整范围包括消费环节.我国《清洁生产促进法》的内容体现了清洁生产从生产领域扩展到消费领域这一新动向.本文论证了这一新发展的正当性和合理性,最后结合具体法条进行分析,指出相关制度手段和意义所在.     

Indicators for sustainable energy development in Mexico

This article presents a summary of a study on the application to the Mexican energy sector of a core set of indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED), developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The study focused on the elaboration of socio‐economic and environmental indicators related to energy production and use, and was aimed at assessing Mexico's existing energy policies and identifying strategies and possible policies that could bring about improvements in major priority areas: energy intensity, atmospheric emissions, energy import dependency and use of renewables. While positive trends have been observed in relation to energy intensity and atmospheric emissions, Mexico is becoming more dependent on imports of gasoline, natural gas and other high‐value secondary energy sources, while exporting significant amounts of primary fuels, such as crude oil. Also, no significant increase has been observed in the use of renewable sources of energy. Social, economic and environmental policies need to be formulated for the energy sector and related investments (public and private) reinforced so that all economic sectors have access to energy from cleaner and more diverse sources.     

Environmental education for small- and medium-sized enterprises: methodology and e-learning experience in the Valencian region

The last decades have shown an increasing social demand for environmental awareness, which firms are inevitably required to adapt to. More and more, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are finding it necessary to train their staff in environmental issues if they wish to survive in a market where it is no longer sufficient to excel in price competitiveness exclusively, but where quality, service and environmental standards also play an important role.     

Air emissions from pavement layers composed of varying rates of reclaimed asphalt

An experimental study of road building and recycling of used pavement has been conducted within the framework of a Life Cycle Analysis. Four equivalent asphalt concretes made with different recycling rates have been investigated during road construction. Airborne emissions, pollutant release over time and odor production related to asphalt laying have all been determined and compared among the various recycling rates. All of the results (VOC, PAH and odors), expressed in terms of concentrations and fluxes, exhibit quite monotonic variations with respect to the recycling rate. These results, however, did not reveal the same trend as a function of the recycling rate (increases or decreases), depending on the selected target parameter (VOC or PAH). Indicators have been proposed for a discussion of results that take into account: (i) raw material emissions with respect to the reference defined in the case of pavement without reclaimed asphalt; and (ii) emissions in each case from all material production sources.     

Environmental quality in India: Application of environmental Kuznets curve and Sustainable Human Development Index

This study explores the trend of selected air pollutants, carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen dioxide NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter 10 microns in diameter (PM₁₀) in India. Environmental Kuznets curves (EKC), which show the association of the economy and pollution, are fitted for selected Indian states to understand whether EKC in India fits well with the inverted “U” shape. We observed that CO₂ and PM₁₀ are steadily increasing in India. The states of Kerala and Punjab follow the inverted “U” shape of EKC, while Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Maharashtra may take decades to reduce pollutants. A new Sustainable Human Development Index calculated in this paper indicates a diverse picture of Indian states, especially in regard to environmental parameters. The government needs to implement stringent, state‐specific laws and regulations to assist in curbing air pollutants. The time has also come to represent the rankings of states in terms of an environmentally inclusive development index.     

The impact of ISO 14001 on corporate environmental performance: a study of Swedish manufacturing firms

The debate concerning the environmental effectiveness of environmental management systems (EMS) based on ISO 14001 is still open and scholars have called for further studies that can explain the contrasting evidence in previous research. As a response, this study aims to contribute knowledge about the effects of ISO 14001-based EMS by presenting fact-based environmental data. The study focuses on changes in performance over a period of 12 years and includes both firms with an EMS (66 firms) and firms without one (50 firms). Consideration is given to the improvement efforts in the firms before EMS adoption making it possible to neutralize any selection effects where better environmental performance precedes ISO 14001 adoption. Analysis has been carried out using statistical methods for six different environmental areas. No statistically significant differences between certified and non-certified firms concerning the change in the rate of improvement could be found in any of the six areas. However, it can be suspected that EMS adoption has positive effects on energy use and waste production whereas the non-adopting firms seem to perform better concerning air emissions. These mixed results mirrors previous research, which is rather worrying considering the worldwide popularity of EMS based on ISO 14001 in industry.     

实施经济可持续发展战略方法初探

通过对人类社会生态环境系统物质循环全过程的研究得出:实现资源高效可持续利用是实施可持续发展战略的关键;实施可持续经济发展战备必须从人类社会经济系统发展的全过程考虑;生产环节要推行清洁生产和标准化管理;消费领域要倡导绿色消费方式;发展循环经济,减少人类活动对自然环境的压力。