增强型选择性非催化还原技术的工业应用

介绍了ESNCR(增强型选择性非催化还原法)脱硝技术在某FCC(流化催化裂化)装置烟气脱硝系统中的应用效果,叙述了ESNCR技术在原SNCR(选择性非催化还原)技术上的改进,指出ESNCR技术具有经济性高、反应可以在较低温度下进行等优势。分析了喷氨后、喷氢后以及降温后2~#锅炉烟气中NO_X含量的变化情况,应用实践表明:在适宜温度及采用低氮燃烧的条件下,烟气中NO_X维持在约100mg/Nm~3,脱硝效果显著。验证了低氮燃烧改造和ESNCR脱硝技术的实用性。     

俄罗斯开发应用“低温旋流”炉膛燃烧褐煤优化锅炉生态特性治理污染经验

综述俄开发与应用“低温旋流”炉膛燃烧高水分褐煤技术,利用独特炉膛向锅炉底输进一股热风与炉前墙斜置直流燃烧器射进气粉混合物在炉下部形成低温（＜1100℃）旋流燃烧,延长了燃料燃烧时间,“热力”型NOx生成得到抑制,结合应用“两段”燃烧除硝;在有利炉温（＜1200℃）下,促进燃料灰的CaO对烟中SO2吸收与分解,终使氮,硫氧化物排放达标,改进原除尘器使粉煤灰放降低2－2．5倍。     

水泥脱硝综合评估分析——以四川省某水泥企业为例

在分析四川省某水泥企业两条新型干法生产线分别采用低氮燃烧技术、SNCR烟气脱硝工程技术特点的基础上,评估了综合采用控制NO X措施后的运行效果,脱硝的经济技术可行性,并从NO X控制技术、环境管理、环境标准以及环境经济等方面提出相关的配套政策建议。     

焚烧烟气的氮氧化物污染控制技术

固体废物焚烧需要配置污染气体防治工艺,其中氮氧化物的去除是尾气处理的重要环节。本文分析了固体废物焚烧烟气中的氮氧化物种类及形成机理,探讨低氮焚烧技术和尾气还原脱硝技术,并从工程实践出发,对选择性非催化还原反应(SNCR)与选择性催化还原反应(SCR)的工艺特点、系统组成、脱硝效率和应用成本进行了比对分析。从建设运行成本和脱硝效率角度考虑,低NO_x含量烟气适宜采用SNCR工艺,高NO_x含量烟气采用“SNCR+SCR”组合工艺。     

分级燃烧降低锅炉NOX排放的控制技术

阐述了分级燃烧降低NOx排放的机理，对乌拉山电厂WGZ410／100－12型锅炉和华能丹东电厂350MW机组锅炉的分级燃烧改造方案及其降低NOX排放效果进行分析，初步了解分级燃烧的特性。     

生物质循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硝研究进展

介绍了生物质燃料及生物质循环流化床锅炉特点,以及生物质燃烧过程中NOX生成机理.综述了当前国内应用较广的生物质脱硝技术,结合生物质循环流化床锅炉及烟气特性,提出低氮燃烧+SNCR脱硝工艺、SNCR+低尘布置SCR工艺较为适合生物质循环流化床锅炉NOX减排.     

DT煤气化燃烧锅炉

由大连东泰环保锅炉制造有限公司开发、大连市环境保护局推荐的DT煤气化燃烧锅炉适用于中小企事业单位的生产、生活用气、用水及采暧。主要技术内容一、基本原理采用了本公司具有自主知识产权的燃烧系统和布风系统专利技术，通过合理分配一次风和二次风量及二次风管的特殊配置，在炉膛上部形成旋转和封闭的空气膜，火焰在炉膛内形成多次再燃烧状态，使煤气等可燃气体在炉内充分燃尽。合理的巧妙布风及烟箱结构，使烟气中的小飞灰在流程中得到充分沉降，从而获得高效率、低排放的理想效果。二、技术关键：燃烧系统和布风系统。典型规模：年…     

水火管正反对流燃烧锅炉

由大连东泰环保锅炉制造有限公司开发、大连市环境保护产业协会推荐的水火管正反对流燃烧锅炉适用于企事业单位生产、生活供热、供暖。主要技术内容一、基本原理利用烟气正反对流原理在燃烧室内设置了不同形式的立拱,使烟气在燃烧室中形成气化燃烧流程,高温烟气快速向前拱区流动,利于燃料的引燃和炉膛温度的提高,改善了燃烧条件,提高了传热效率。由于立拱结构合理,覆盖面积小,使锅炉辐射受热面相应增加,同时使高温烟气在炉膛内的滞留时间延长一倍以上,烟气中的可燃物在炉内得以充分燃尽。同时在立拱之间形成烟尘沉降室。经过几次沉降,大大降…     

火电厂超低排放措施研究

介绍了低氮燃烧技术、SCR脱硝等降低NO_x排放技术;单塔双循环、托盘塔、串联塔等脱硫新工艺;低低温静电除尘器、电场加设高频电源、湿式静电除尘器等除尘新技术,为火电厂实现超低排放提供系统的设计方案。     

燃煤工业锅炉减排NO_x研究分析

通过对我国燃煤工业锅炉NOx排放、污染现状和国内外控制技术进行分析,提出燃煤工业锅炉NOx控制对策和措施,并提出低氮燃烧是降低NOx排放的最经济技术。     

印铁涂装烘房有机废气的直接燃烧法处理实践

本文通过采用催化法和直燃法两种工艺处理印铁涂装生产的有机废气的工业实践,对设计和运行中的一些要点进行分析和探讨。     

垃圾焚烧——国外垃圾处理技术的新进展

伴随城市的发展,城市垃圾已成为危害城市环境的一大公害,有效处理城市垃圾是衡量一个国家或城市文明程度的显著标志。垃圾焚烧供热和发电是一种被广泛采用的处理方式。作者介绍了目前国外一些垃圾焚烧供热发电的情况,特别从燃烧系统、炉膛设计、通风系统及过热器、空气洁净系统等几方面详细介绍了里斯本垃圾发电厂所采用的工艺技术和设计特点。     

含油污泥无害化处理及综合利用的途径

原油脱水以及油田和炼油厂的污水处理系统会排出大量的含油污泥,从环境保护角度出发,必须进行无害化处理或综合利用。处理含油污泥的方法很多,有固化处理法、土地耕作法、回收污油法、固液分离处理及综合利用等方法。较为详细地叙述了各种方法的原理、特点及适用情况等,这些方法各有利弊。今后还应进一步加强含油污泥性质与特征的基础性研究,积极寻求多种利用途径,彻底解决含油污泥污染问题     

利用循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术处理造纸亚铵黑液

循环流化床燃烧技术是一种低温(900℃)流化态燃烧技术,可以燃烧低发热值的生物质燃料.采用循环流化床低温燃烧和分段燃烧技术,通过锅炉尾部凝汽换热设备将黑液加热浓缩,这样既可满足循环流化床锅炉燃烧的条件,又使得脱硫效率提高,SO2的生成量降低,且使各项排放指标均能达到环保排放标准.对比国内外造纸黑液处理办法,我们得出了利用循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术处理亚铵黑液的可行性.对于我国现阶段的小型造纸厂,该技术具有一定的推广应用价值.     

Study of boron behaviour in two Spanish coal combustion power plants

A full-scale field study was carried out at two Spanish coal-fired power plants equipped with electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and wet flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) systems to investigate the distribution of boron in coals, solid by-products, wastewater streams and flue gases. The results were obtained from the simultaneous sampling of solid, liquid and gaseous streams and their subsequent analysis in two different laboratories for purposes of comparison. Although the final aim of this study was to evaluate the partitioning of boron in a (co-)combustion power plant, special attention was paid to the analytical procedure for boron determination. A sample preparation procedure was optimised for coal and combustion by-products to overcome some specific shortcomings of the currently used acid digestion methods. In addition boron mass balances and removal efficiencies in ESP and FGD devices were calculated. Mass balance closures between 83 and 149% were obtained. During coal combustion, 95% of the incoming boron was collected in the fly ashes. The use of petroleum coke as co-combustible produced a decrease in the removal efficiency of the ESP (87%). Nevertheless, more than 90% of the remaining gaseous boron was eliminated via the FGD in the wastewater discharged from the scrubber, thereby causing environmental problems.     

对一次高炉煤气燃烧放散过程可吸入颗粒物浓度变化情况的分析

通过对环境空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度监测数据在一次高炉煤气燃烧放散过程中变化情况的分析,得出特殊的局地地形条件和局部地面气象条件可能造成污染物汇集和积累的结论,并就此提出高炉煤气燃烧放散时污染控制的建议。     

160 h of chemical-looping combustion in a 10 kW reactor system with a NiO-based oxygen carrier

Chemical-looping combustion, CLC, is a technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO₂. The technique uses an oxygen carrier made up of particulate metal oxide to transfer oxygen from combustion air to fuel. In this work, an oxygen carrier consisting of 60% NiO and 40% NiAl₂O₄ was used in a 10 kW CLC reactor system for 160 h of operation with fuel. The first 3 h of fuel operation excepted, the test series was accomplished with the same batch of oxygen carrier particles. The fuel used in the experiments was natural gas, and a fuel conversion to CO₂ of approximately 99% was accomplished. Combustion conditions were very stable during the test period, except for the operation at sub-stoichiometric conditions. It was shown that the methane fraction in the fuel reactor exit gas was dependent upon the rate of solids circulation, with higher circulation leading to more unconverted methane. The carbon monoxide fraction was found to follow the thermodynamical equilibrium for all investigated fuel reactor temperatures, 660–950 °C. Thermal analysis of the fuel reactor at stable conditions enabled calculation of the particle circulation which was found to be approximately 4 kg/s, MW. The loss of fines, i.e. the amount of elutriated oxygen carrier particles with diameter <45 μm, decreased during the entire test period. After 160 h of operation the fractional loss of fines was 0.00022 h⁻¹, corresponding to a particle life time of 4500 h.     

Comparison of jatropha and karanja biofuels on their combustion characteristics

Biofuel blends produced from Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oil were evaluated for their combustion properties. Two kinds of blends (regular diesel with Jatropha and Karanja oil) were prepared at 20% volume to the diesel and tested as alternative fuels in single cylinder (vertical), water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine at the rated speed of 1500 rpm. The performance of the engine in terms of thermal efficiency at full load for diesel was 30%. For Jatropha and Karanja biodiesel blends, the thermal efficiencies were 29.0% and 28.6%, respectively. The maximum cylinder pressure and ignition delay for biodiesel fuel blends are very close to that of regular diesel. Prolonged combustion was observed for Karanja oil blend in comparison to Jatropha oil blend. The combustion pattern also reveals the slow burning characteristics of vegetable oils and this study indicates that the blended biofuels have combustion characteristics that are similar to regular diesel fuels.     

塑料和橡胶类废弃物的热物理特性及焚烧特性的研究

塑料和橡胶类的废弃物是城市垃圾的重要组成。本文在新式焚烧炉中对它们的焚烧特性、污染特性进行了研究。这将有助于进一步优化新型转式焚烧炉，完善低染、低腐蚀、低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺。     

A Novel Solar Thermal Cycle with Chemical Looping Combustion

In this paper, we have proposed a thermal cycle with the integration of chemical-looping combustion and solar thermal energy with the temperature of about 500-600°C. Chemical-looping combustion may be carried out in two successive reactions between a reduction of hydrocarbon fuel with metal oxides and a reduced metal with oxygen in the air. This loop of chemical reactions is substituted for conventional combustion of fuel. Methane as a fuel and nickel oxides as an oxygen carrier were employed in this cycle. Collected high-temperature solar thermal energy is provided for the endothermic reduction reaction. The feature of the proposed cycle is investigated through Energy-Utilization Diagram methodology. As a result, at the turbine inlet temperature of 1200°C, the exergy efficiency of the proposed cycle would be expected to be about 4 percentage points higher than that of a conventional gas turbine combined cycle. Compared to the previous study of chemical-looping combustion energy systems, the proposed cycle with the integration of green energy and traditional hydrocarbon fuels will offer the possibility of both greenhouse gas mitigation, with green energy, and a new approach to the efficient use of solar energy.