EH32钢在人工海水中的流动加速腐蚀行为研究

目的 明晰流场、传质和锈层在EH32钢流动加速腐蚀过程中的协同作用机理。方法 利用射流喷射系统研究EH32钢的流动加速腐蚀行为,并基于CFD仿真模拟流场分布情况,最后通过微观形貌表征分析EH32钢的腐蚀形貌。结果 在射流喷射系统中,试样表面的流场分布不均匀,根据锈层的颜色可分为不同区域,喷嘴正对区域锈层最厚,但疏松多孔,形成凹坑,腐蚀最严重。远离喷嘴区域锈层逐渐减薄,但更致密,腐蚀形貌转变为“flow mark”和点蚀。结论 流场严重影响着腐蚀产物的分布,正应力高、剪切应力低的区域形成的锈层厚且疏松多孔,正应力低、剪切应力高的区域形成的锈层薄,但更致密。反应生成的阳极液随流体的转移过程导致了“flowmark”损伤形貌的形成,致密的锈层抑制了阳极液的转移,导致了点蚀坑的损伤形貌。锈层和阳极液的累积使得喷嘴中心区域表现为主要阳极区,腐蚀损伤最为严重,而远离中心区域由于致密的腐蚀产物抑制了传质过程,腐蚀速率较低。流场、锈层以及传质三者的协同作用决定了流动加速腐蚀行为。     

高超声速钝锥等离子体鞘套电波传播特性研究

目的改进现阶段地面指控站对临近空间高超声速飞行器的通信和测控效果。方法采用计算流体动力学技术模拟钝锥体在不同高超声速飞行条件下的头身部绕流流场特性,并运用相关公式建立钝锥等离子体鞘套电磁模型。然后运用改进的移位算子时域有限差分方法计算电磁波经过等离子体鞘套的传播特性。结果计算结果表明,电磁波在等离子体鞘套内的传播特性在频率处于最大等离子体频率附近时发生转折,电磁波通过等离子体鞘套的透射效果与飞行工况和入射波条件密切相关。相对其他入射角度,当电磁波垂直于飞行体物面入射到等离子体鞘套尾部时的电磁波衰减较小。飞行高度增加或飞行速度减小时,等离子体鞘套对电磁波的衰减效应将减弱。结论该研究可为有效测控临近空间高超声速飞行器、缓解再入通讯中断现象提供一定的技术突破方法。     

土地处理系统的流态研究

选用NaCl作为示踪剂,对土地处理系统上向流和下向流两种流动方式下的水力特性进行研究,结果发现上向流的水力死区较小为8.77%,且流型更接近推流式。进而对系统实际流态进行数学模拟,研究发现对分散模型进行修正,自行建立的双参数模型能够较好的拟合土地处理系统的流动形态。     

跨介质航行器高速斜入水跳弹现象研究

目的 揭示跨介质航行器高速入水跳弹行为的机理,提高航行器的突防能力。方法 基于STAR-CCM+流体仿真软件,采用VOF多相流模型以及Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,计算航行器跳弹过程的空化流场,并运用重叠网格技术,耦合六自由度弹道方程,求解航行器的运动特性。利用所建立的计算模型,研究航行器在不同入水速度和角度下的空泡演化、水动力和弹道特性,揭示航行器产生跳弹现象的原因和规律。结果 航行器在小角度高速入水时,水下运动轨迹会发生很大的变化,经历了入水、浸水、出水3个阶段。结论 产生跳弹现象的主要原因是航行器在入水后,头部上下缘以及弹尾两侧受力不均,形成了向上的偏转力矩,使得航行器的俯仰角发生了较大的改变,并且随着航行器的入水速度加快,入水角度减小,跳弹现象越容易产生。     

颗粒轨道模型用于烟气脱硫喷淋塔两相流数值模拟

以FLUENT软件为计算工具,采用Euler-Lagrange方法模拟喷淋塔内部气液两相流动.气相用标准k-ε湍流模型描述,喷淋液滴用颗粒轨道模型描述.综合考虑颗粒受力分析、颗粒湍流扩散以及气液两相耦合3方面影响因素对颗粒轨道模型进行设置,从液滴粒径分布、液滴出口速度、喷淋夹角3个方面对喷嘴射流源进行精确定义.模拟结果表明:喷淋塔内轴向气速分布均匀;中空锥形的喷嘴设计使喷淋液形成伞状雨帘,有效防止烟气短流;塔内液滴浓度分布存在中间高、边缘低的问题,可通过改进喷嘴布置方案加以改进;颗粒轨道模型能够较好地预测喷淋塔内两相流动.     

港口布局中的岸线资源评价与生态敏感性分析——以长江干流南京段为例

以长江干流岸线南京段为例,首先从港口布局对岸线资源条件的要求入手,选取岸线稳定性、岸线前沿水深两个主要因子,确定评价指标体系,划分科学合理的评价单元,对岸线资源进行评价,将其划分为一、二、三级;其次根据岸线承担功能的重要程度及其对港口布局的生态敏感性的大小,将岸线划分为生态敏感岸段、生态较敏感岸段和生态不敏感岸段;最后综合考虑岸线资源条件和生态敏感性,以生态保护优先为原则,确定不同岸段港口布局的取向,将其划分为港口优先布局岸段、港口有条件布局岸段、港口从缓布局岸段、禁止港口布局岸段。     

岸坡植被水域椭圆余弦波传播模拟及分析

基于扩展型强非线性Boussinesq水波方程,通过在动量方程中引入植被应力项来考虑植被对波浪的作用,建立了近岸植被水域波浪传播运动的数值模型。将植被场中随机波浪传播的数值模拟结果与物理试验数据进行比较,吻合良好,并在对模型进行验证的基础上,模拟和分析了水平二维岸坡植被区域椭圆余弦波的传播变形。针对波浪爬坡,破碎,增减水以及波生流进行分析,结果表明,随着水深变浅,波高逐渐变大;当波高增大到临界点时破碎,植被区波高明显比无植被区衰减得更快;相比远离岸线的植被,破碎区植被对波高衰减更显著,而且不会出现二次破碎;与无植被区域相比,植被区域波相速度和波长较小,局部产生比较明显的折射效应;植被位于破碎区时,由于植被的耗能作用,近岸区域波浪增水显著减小;植被对近岸环流具有显著影响,植被边缘出现强近岸环流和大尺度旋涡;破碎区内分布的植被作用下离岸流分布均匀,流速较小,分布范围比较大;植被区域距离岸线越远,产生的涡旋尺度越大,植被末端的离岸流也越剧烈。     

Twin-roll casting of aluminum–steel clad strips

The results of experiments on twin-roll casting of aluminum–steel clad strips are presented. For the first time this energy-saving production technology for a clad material of this metals combination was implemented. Besides the experimental equipment and processing details, the results of metallographic, electron microprobe and transmission electron microscopy analysis of the aluminum–steel interface are shown. The pack rolling and deep-drawing tests of the twin-roll cast clad strips were performed to check their applicability for a further processing using plastic deformation. In addition adhesive strength of the bond was tested. The performed analysis have shown the formation of a continuous, thin and uniform layer of intermetallic phases on the materials interface of approx. 3 μm thickness having an adhesive strength over 70 MPa.     

Scale-up modeling of the twin roll casting process for AZ31 magnesium alloy

In the present study, a 2-D finite-element method (FEM) thermal-fluid-stress model has been developed and validated for the twin roll casting (TRC) of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The model was then used to quantify how the thermo-mechanical history experienced by the strip during TRC would change as the equipment was scaled up from a laboratory size (roll diameter = 355 mm) to a pilot scale (roll diameter = 600 mm) and to an industrial scale (roll diameter = 1150 mm) machine. The model predictions showed that the thermal history and solidification cooling rate experienced by the strip are not affected significantly by caster scale-up. However, the mechanical history experienced by the strip did change remarkably depending on the roll diameters. Casting with bigger rolls led to the development of higher stress levels at the strip surface. The roll separating force/mm width of strip was also predicted to increase significantly when the TRC was scaled to larger sizes. Using the model predicted results, the effect of both casting speed and roll diameter was integrated into an empirical equation to predict the exit temperature and the roll separating force for AZ31. Using this approach, a TRC process map was generated for AZ31 which included roll diameter and casting speed.     

T型街谷交叉路口机动车诱导下污染物传播规律

为了探究车辆转弯行驶对于T型街谷交叉路口处空气流动以及污染物扩散的影响,本文建立了该系统中车辆移动下空气流动与污染物传播耦合数学模型,采用计算流体力学方法,揭示T型街谷交叉路口处车辆诱导下的机械湍流特性,并且基于场协同理论量化了车速对污染物扩散的影响.结果表明,在不同速度的转弯过程中,转弯速度增加使得车辆诱导的湍动能也...     

High speed ball nose end milling of hardened AISI A2 tool steel with PCBN and coated carbide tools

High speed machining (HSM) of tool steels in their hardened state is emerging as an attractive approach for the mold and die industry due to its potential for significant cost savings and productivity improvement. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the tool wear mechanism and surface integrity in high speed ball nose end milling of hardened AISI A2 tool steel using coated tungsten carbide and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools. It is found that coated carbide tools can only be used at low speed (120 m/min) while high content PCBN tools are suitable for HSM range (470 m/min). PCBN tools produce a damage free workpiece with better surface finish and less work hardening. Despite the higher tool cost, HSM with PCBN tools lead to reduction in both total cost and production time per part.     

高炉出铁场“电改袋”技术研究与工程示范

20世纪,在炼铁生产过程中,高炉出铁场的除尘基本采用的是电除尘器技术。随着环境要求的提高,许多炼铁厂将电除尘改为布袋除尘——电改袋。"电改袋"通常要利用原有的电除尘器壳体,只改变其内部结构,从而也改变了原除尘器内气流流向。为了预测"电改袋"后各区域气流流向,文章基于CFX商用流体力学计算软件,对除尘器"电改袋"后的气流进行了速度场模拟。模拟研究结果表明:从前到后,各滤室上行风速逐渐增大。对于4滤室的袋式除尘器,第四滤室风量比第一滤室风速大3倍以上。为了克服风量不均衡问题,采用可调式斜向挡板风量分配新工艺,从而对提高袋式除尘器的收尘性能,指导"电改袋"的工程实践具有重要意义。     

周边式二次沉淀池流态的计算模拟研究

通过计算模拟二沉池流态,解决了二沉池流态测定的难题,该模拟方法速度快、精度高、不需要实型池.通过对实际池的计算发现,周边式二沉池上溢流集中在靠池周边的区域,以垂直向上的流线为主,池中心上部存在着较大的水流死区,由此解释了该类型池澄清能力小的原因.     

周边式二次沉淀池流态的计算模拟研究

通过计算模拟二沉池流态,解决了二沉池流态测定的难题,该模拟方法速度快、精度高、不需要实型池.通过对实际池的计算发现,周边式二沉池上溢流集中在靠池周边的区域,以垂直向上的流线为主,池中心上部存在着较大的水流死区,由此解释了该类型池澄清能力小的原因.     

长流程钢铁企业发展循环经济的模式

钢铁工业是国家发展循环经济的优先切入点,是打造循环型产业的重点;循环经济又是钢铁工业转变增长方式的优先切入点,是打造资源节约型和环境友好型钢铁企业的重要手段。详细介绍长流程钢铁企业发展循环经济的“四四”模式,以及济钢、莱钢、鞍钢、攀钢、包钢等长流程钢铁企业多年的实践探索和经验,为其他钢铁企业发展循环经济提供借鉴。     

Numerical simulation of stratified turbulent two phase flow in aquatic environment

Ｉｎｅｓｔｕａｒｙ,ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｓｔｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄｆｌｏｗｅｘｉｔｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｊｏｉｎｓｉｎｔｏｓｅａｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｈａｔｏｆｓｅａ?..     

基于LCA的钢铁联合企业CO_2排放影响因素分析

钢铁企业是CO2排放大户,减少吨钢CO2排放是钢铁企业节约能源、保护环境、走可持续发展道路的必然要求.本研究旨在对钢铁企业产品生命周期清单研究的基础上,识别钢铁企业CO2排放的主要影响因素,提出针对性的减排建议.以某钢铁联合企业的产品生命周期清单模型为平台,同时利用TornadoChart工具,计算得到对企业CO2排放影响较大的因素,然后提出了相应的减排措施.结果表明,转炉流程对于钢铁企业的影响要大于电炉流程;对该企业CO2排放有重大影响和相关影响的因素有:高炉煤气(BFG)的CO2排放系数、连铸坯的钢水单耗、热轧的板坯单耗、转炉的铁水比.减少钢铁联合企业CO2排放的有效措施是采取捕集BFG中的CO2、降低转炉的铁水比、加强副产煤气的回收以及优化企业的产品生产结构.     

汽车环境风洞地面区域流场数值仿真

目的 探究汽车环境风洞地面区域流场规律,获取风洞边界层抽吸装置的最佳抽吸率和底盘测功机对风洞地面区域边界层厚度、风速、总压和静压的影响规律,并比较MRF法和旋转壁面法对底盘测功机转毂转动模拟的精度。方法 运用计算流体动力学方法对汽车环境风洞流场进行数值仿真计算。结果 边界层抽吸装置对应于喷口风速120 km/h时的最佳抽吸率为0.048。底盘测功机区域总压呈现下降趋势。相比于存在底盘测功机,汽车环境风洞无底盘测功机时,底盘测功机区域内相同位置的边界层厚度会增加1.28～12.22 mm。在前转毂的前侧、上侧、后侧和后转毂的上侧和后侧会有一个高风速区域,区域内风速比设定风速高1%～4%,与无底盘测功机相比,区域内静压值低0.32～46.02 Pa。在前后转毂前侧和后侧与地面相连接的凹部会有一个低风速区域,区域内风速比设定风速低1%～5%,与无底盘测功机相比,区域内静压值高0.08～49.34 Pa。底盘测功机转毂的转动会使附近区域的地面边界层厚度变大。在前转毂前侧,采用旋转壁面法进行模拟比MRF法地面边界层厚度增加近8 mm,而在其他位置,2种模拟方法对边界层厚度的模拟差别在1.5 mm...     

Numerical modelling of electrohydraulic free-forming and die-forming of DP590 steel

Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a high energy rate forming process in which the strain rate in the sheet metal can vary from 5 × 10² to 10⁵ s⁻¹ depending on various factors. Several mechanisms have been reported to cause an improvement in formability in EHF such as material deformation mechanisms, inertial effects and the dynamic impact of the sheet against the die. EHF is a complex high speed forming process and experimental work alone is not sufficient to properly understand this process. To understand the variation of some influential variables in EHF, electrohydraulic die-forming (EHDF) and free-forming (EHFF) of DP590 dual phase steel were simulated in ABAQUS/Explicit by considering the fluid/structure interactions. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted by modelling the water with Eulerian elements with a view to investigating the effect of released energy on the sheet deformation profile history, strain distribution, loading path and damage accumulation type. The Johnson–Cook constitutive material model was used to predict the sheet behaviour and the parameters in this model were calibrated based on experimental test results available for DP590 at various strain rates. The Johnson–Cook phenomenological damage model was also used to predict the ductile failure (damage accumulation) in both EHDF and EHFF. Predicted final strain values and damage accumulation type showed good agreement with the experimental observations.     

Optimization and evaluation of steel industry’s water-use system

In the steel industry, water is mainly used for cleaning and cooling. All these different tasks produce wastewaters that differ not only in quantity but also in quality. This study integrates all water-use processes into a system and applies substance flow analysis to build up an optimization model and an evaluation index system for the water-use network of a steel enterprise. Based on the index system, water-use status of large steel enterprises in China is evaluated and problems in the present water consumption are identified. A contrast analysis between present and optimized water-use is conducted, which then serves as the basis for the network optimization and countermeasure articulation. Finally, an analysis has been made on one of the most important and largest steel enterprise in China. The results indicate that after optimization fresh water consumption can be decreased by 11.1% and wastewater discharge can be decreased by 94.54%.