电化学方法处理邻硝基氯苯的研究

实验研究了电化学对邻硝基氯苯废水的降解作用。对电极材料进行了选择,做了各个电解因素的正交实验,通过HPLC测定邻硝基氯苯含量以及COD含量的测定。结果表明铁阳极的电解效果最好;电解过程中电流是影响邻硝基氯苯降解效果的最主要的因素,其次是pH值;最佳电解条件下邻硝基氯苯的去除率达到100%。另外,对电解机理进行了初步探讨。     

电化学方法脱除烟道气中二氧化硫的研究

运用电化学方法脱除二氧化硫是一种较为清洁的脱硫方式，本文主要研究了电化学脱硫过程中，电解溴化氢以及溴氧化二氧化硫的各种影响因素，并通过优化获得了较高的电解效率９０％和脱硫效率９０％～９５％     

软锰矿电化学协同作用对活性嫩黄模拟废水脱色率的研究

以活性嫩黄K 4G模拟废水为处理对象 ,采用软锰矿与电化学协同法 ,分别在不同软锰矿加入量、电流密度、pH值、电解时间、染料初始浓度条件下进行电解实验 ,考察了各种因素对脱色率的影响。结果表明 ,增加软锰矿的用量、增大电流密度、降低pH值、延长电解时间都能提高脱色率 ,染料初始浓度对脱色率影响不显著。溶液中溶解态锰的浓度的变化表明 ,Mn(II)在处理过程中表现出催化作用 ,外加电压可强化软锰矿的氧化作用     

间接阳极氧化处理活性黑5模拟染料废水的研究

采用Ti/IrO2电极间接阳极氧化处理活性黑5模拟废水,主要研究pH值、电压、电解时间及NaCl投加量对其降解效果的影响.结果表明,在pH值为3,电压20 V,电解时间60 min,NaCl投加量2.5 g/L的条件下,该染料的降解率及脱色率均达到100%,苯环结构的降解可达45%,COD去除率可达60%.并对该染料的...     

Cl-对电化学氧化垃圾渗滤液效率的影响

研究了不同Cl-浓度对高浓度氨氮垃圾渗滤液的电化学氧化效率,重点考察了Cl-质量浓度(2 450、5 000、7 000、9 000mg/L)对电解过程中的电解速率、电流效率、氨氮能耗以及三氯甲烷生成的影响.结果表明:在Cl-质量浓度为5 000 mg/L时,电解6h,氨氮平均电解速率为7.0 mg/(L·min),COD平均电解速率为4.4mg/(L·min),氨氮的氧化去除要先于COD的氧化去除;随着Cl-浓度增加,电流效率逐渐增加,但Cl-质量浓度大于5 000 mg/L时,电流效率开始减缓,在Cl-质量浓度为5 000 mg/L时,电流效率为45.23％.能耗分析表明,随着Cl-浓度增加,氨氮能耗逐渐降低,在Cl-质量浓度为5 000 mg/L提高到9 000 mg/L时,氨氮能耗从0.09 (kW· h)/g左右降低到0.075 (kW· h)/g.考察不同Cl-浓度下三氯甲烷生成情况表明,随着Cl-浓度增加,三氯甲烷浓度逐渐增加,在Cl-质量浓度为9 000 mg/L时,电解6h后三氯甲烷质量浓度增加至0.722 mg/L,生成速率为2.0μg/(L·min),且三氯甲烷生成速率随着Cl-浓度的增加而增加.     

电化学氧化法去除超高盐榨菜废水中的氨氮

采用电化学氧化法去除超高盐榨菜废水中的氨氮,阳极为Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2网状电极,阴极为网状钛电极,考察了电流密度、电解时间、极板间距、初始pH以及极水比对氨氮去除率的影响,并分析了电流密度对氨氮能耗和阳极效率的影响。结果表明,在初始氨氮浓度为472.73 mg/L,电流密度为156 mA/cm2,极板间距为1.5 cm,极水比为0.8dm2/L,原水pH为4.3～5.0时,电解30 min和60 min时氨氮的去除率分别为89.75%和99.94%,电解30 min时,氨氮能耗最低为96 kWh/kg,阳极效率最高为8.47 g/(h.m2.A)。     

电化学法生成Fenton试剂及其在工业染料废水降解脱色中的应用

以多孔石墨电极为阴极 ,电解时在阴极通以氧气或空气 ,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe2 +进行随后化学反应 ,现场生成羟基自由基 (Fenton试剂 ) ,进而对有机染整工业废水进行降解脱色反应。以可见光吸收谱图表征了工业染料废水经电解槽处理后吸光度的变化 ,以重铬酸钾法测试染料处理后的COD。实验结果表明 ,COD的去除率大于 80 % ,染料的脱色率达 1 0 0 % ,若将电解电流密度控制在 1 0mA/cm2 以下 ,槽电压可控制在 5V以内。实验结果表明 ,向阴极多孔石墨电极中通入空气与通入氧气的效果一致。     

电化学法脱除烟气二氧化硫制取硫酸-Br-/Br2电解体系

本文研究了Br-/Br2体系的电化学方法脱除烟道气中二氧化硫的各个影响因素:温度对电解体系的性能影响;温度、酸度以及吸收方式对脱硫效率的影响.     

电化学法脱除烟气二氧化硫制取硫酸-Br-/Br2电解体系

本文研究了Br-/Br2体系的电化学方法脱除烟道气中二氧化硫的各个影响因素:温度对电解体系的性能影响;温度、酸度以及吸收方式对脱硫效率的影响.     

电化学法生成Fenton试剂及其在工业染料废水降解脱色中的应用

以多孔石墨电极为阴极,电解时在阴极通以氧气或空气,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe^2 进行随后化学反应,现场生成羟基自由基（Fenton试剂）,进而对有机染整工业废水进行降解脱色反应。以可见光吸收谱图表征了工业染料废水经电解槽处理后吸光度的变化,以重铬酸钾法测试染料处理后的COD。实验结果表明,COD的去除率大于80％,染料的脱色率达100％,若将电解电流密度控制在10mA/cm^2以下,槽电压可控制在5V以内。实验结果表明,向阴极多孔石墨电极中通入空气与通入氧气的效果一致。     

Evaluation of an electrolysis apparatus for inactivating antineoplastics in clinical wastewater

We recently reported a system for inactivating antineoplastics in which sodium hypochlorite is supplied by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. In this study, we designed an electrolysis apparatus for inactivating the cytotoxicity of antineoplastics in clinical wastewater using the system. The apparatus consists of an electrolysis cell with platinum-iridium electrodes, a pool tank, a circulating system for wastewater, a safety system for explosive gas and overflow, and an exhaust duct. The free chlorine concentration increased linearly up to 6500 mg l(-1), and pH also increased to 9.0-10.0 within 2h, when 0.9% sodium chloride solution was electrolyzed. We examined its efficacy with model and clinical wastewaters. The reciprocal of dilution factor for disappearance of cytotoxicity using Molt-4 cells was compared before and after electrolysis. In the model wastewater, that was 9.10 x 10(4) before electrolysis, and 3.56 x 10(2) after 2h of electrolysis. In the clinical wastewater (n=26), that was 6.90 x 10(3)-1.02 x 10(6) before electrolysis, and 1.08 x 10(2)-1.45 x 10(4) after 2h of electrolysis. Poisonous and explosive gases released by the electrolysis were measured; however, they were found to be negligible in terms of safety. The environmental load was evaluated by carbon dioxide generation as an index and it was found that the carbon dioxide generated by the electrolysis method was 1/70 lower than that by the dilution method with tap water. Moreover, the cost of the electrolysis method was 1/170 lower than that of the dilution method. This method was found to be both effective and economically valuable.     

Optimum conditions for Al13 polymer formation in PACl preparation by electrolysis process

This paper introduces a new and effective method for preparation of PACl-electrolysis process. A series of PACl with high content of Al13 polymer was successfully prepared by electrolysis process. The amount of Al13 polymer formed in electrolysis process was found to be highly influenced by current density (di), the distance between the electrodes, electrolysis time and the stirring rate of the electrolyte. For the AlT (total aluminum concentration) of 2.0 M PACl obtained by electrolysis process, the optimal di and distance between the electrodes were 1.1 Adm(-2) and 10 mm respectively. The optimum circulating rate was 5.5 l h(-1). Because of the inhomogeneous pH between the surface of cathode and the bulk solution, the electrolysis process has the advantage to form more Al(OH)4- as precursor of Al13 polymer. At the optimum condition, Al13 polymer accounted for above 70% of AlT (PACl of AlT=2.0 M and B=2.0), which was much higher than that of PACl prepared by other method.     

电解法去除重污染河水中的磷

近年来,河流污染严重,严重影响了社会的发展,治理河水污染成为目前急需解决的问题。研究了石墨-铁板电极电解法对城市内河中重污染水体中磷去除的可行性;分析了静置时间、电解时长、初始磷浓度、电压、pH及极板间距对电解法除磷效果的影响,确定了电解法处理重污染水体的最佳运行参数,比较了电解法处理实际河水和模拟河水的TP去除效果。结果表明,重污染河流水体中的磷在较短时间内可以得到去除,在静置时间为3 h,电压为10 V,极板间距为1.5cm,pH保持在中性或弱酸性,电解时长在10~15 min时,TP去除率达到90%以上。同时,在最佳运行条件下,电解法处理实际河水效果较好。     

Characteristics of electrolysis, ozonation, and their combination process on treatment of municipal wastewater.

The characteristics of municipal wastewater treatment by electrolysis, ozonation, and combination processes of electrolysis and aeration using three gaseous species (nitrogen [N2], oxygen [O2], and ozone [O3]) were discussed in this research using ruthenium oxide (RuO2)-coated titanium anodes and stainless-steel (SUS304) cathodes. Electrolysis and electrolysis with nitrogen aeration were characterized by a rapid decrease in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BODs) and total nitrogen and a slow decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD). In contrast, ozonation, electrolysis with oxygen aeration, and electrolysis with ozone aeration were characterized by transformation of persistent organic matter to biodegradable matter and preservation of total nitrogen. The best energy efficiency in removing BOD5 and total nitrogen was demonstrated by electrolysis, as a result of direct anodic oxidation and indirect oxidation with free chlorine produced from the chloride ion (Cl-) at the anodes. However, electrolysis with ozone aeration was found to be superior to the other processes, in terms of its energy efficiency in removing COD and its ability to remove COD completely, as a result of hydroxyl radical (*OH) production via cathodic reduction of ozone.     

三维电极法深度处理维生素生产废水

采用三维电极法对维生素废水进行深度处理,分别以钛涂钌铱板、铁板和不锈钢板作为电极阳极,石墨板作为电极阴极,柱状活性炭作为粒子电极,结果表明,当以钛涂钌铱板作为阳极,以粒径为1 mm的柱状活性炭作为粒子电极时电解效果最好,COD和色度去除率最高。实验选择电解电压、电极板间距、电解时间和初始pH值作为主要影响因素进行正交实验,实验研究证明,各因素的影响大小为电解电压>电极板间距>电解时间>初始pH值,得到的最佳参数组合分别为:电解电压为10 V,电极板间距为8 cm,电解时间为20 min,初始pH值为4,得到COD和色度最大去除率分别为59.5%和93.57%。     

三维过电位电解处理罗丹明B废水

选用钛基RuO2-TiO2涂层电极作为三维过电位电解装置的阳极,紫铜作为阴极,活性炭作为第三极,研究了三维过电位电解处理罗丹明B废水的效果,并考察了外加电压、电解时间、初始浓度、pH值和搅拌方式等因素对其处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,外加电压、电解时间和初始浓度等因素均对罗丹明B的降解效果有影响,而pH值、搅拌方式等对罗丹明B的降解效果基本没有影响。与二维电解的对比研究表明,在罗丹明B溶液初始浓度为20mg／L,电解时间为1h,电解电压为20V时,采用二维电解的降解率为20％左右,而三维过电位电解的降解率接近80％。最终产物分析结果显示,经过处理的罗丹明B苯环开环变成直链烃类物质,或者饱和环状有机物,不再具有生物毒性,适合后续的生化处理。     

废水脉冲电解处理节能高效的原因分析

将脉冲电源和直流电源分别作为废水电解处理的电源,试验探明其对废水电解处理的电能消耗和COD去除率的影响,并分析废水脉冲电解处理节能高效的原因。试验结果表明,脉冲电流相对直流电流能够更加有效减缓电极的极化,降低电极过电位,使电能消耗降低15%～35％;在脉冲电解处理废水过程中电流效率稳定、Fe²⁺能够有效扩散到废水中,使去污效果增强5%～7％。关键词脉冲电解电能消耗COD去除率极化过电位     

Phenol electrooxidation on Fe-Co3O4 thin film electrodes in alkaline medium

Fe-Co₃O₄ thin film with different amounts of Fe have been used for the electro-oxidation of phenol in alkaline medium at room temperature. The electrodes were prepared by coating stainless steel supports with successive layers of the oxides, obtained by thermal decomposition at 673 K. The electrolysis was carried out at constant potential and the phenol disappearance, during the electrolysis, was monitored by UV-Vis absorbance measurements between 250 and 500 nm. After 3 h of electrolysis, the intermediates were identified by comparing the HPLC data and UV-Vis spectra to those from pure standards. The results indicate that the same oxidation products are formed on the different prepared electrodes, namely the decomposition products of phenol such as benzoquinone, hydroquinone and cathecol in basic medium. Simulated results show clearly the decrease of the amount of phenolic species with the electrolysis time. An enhancement of the phenol removal is observed with the presence of iron in the oxide. Under the operating conditions, around 30% of the initial phenol has been removed at ca. 3 h and the complete degradation is obtained after 54 h of electrolysis, when Fe-Co₃O₄ thin film with 10% of Fe is used as anode.     

膜电解工艺处理碱性含铜蚀刻废液

实验对碱性含铜蚀刻废液膜电解工艺处理的可行性开展相关研究,考察了槽电压、电解时间和阳极液pH值等因素对膜电解电流效率的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件:槽电压3.10 V、电解时间2 h、阳极液初始pH值9.20。在上述最优工艺条件下,膜电解电流效率达91.5%。实验结果表明,该工艺操作方便、简单可行,是处理蚀刻废液、回收铜的有效方法,具有一定的应用价值。