突发性环境污染事故应急监测准备与响应

突发性环境污染事故具有不确定性,因此要求应急监测准备工作常备不懈;应急监测准备和响应贯穿于事前、事发、事后几个阶段,包括日常准备、应急监测、结果发布、跟踪监测、经验总结等主要环节。     

钱塘江突发水污染事故应急系统开发与应用

采用网络信息平台和水环境模型相结合的技术手段,构建了钱塘江突发水污染事故应急系统。该系统旨在帮助应急管理部门快速应对钱塘江流域突发性水污染事故,以及保障G20峰会期间钱塘江流域的饮用水源地安全。该系统以水动力模型、溢油和化学品泄漏模型为核心,采用空间关系型中央数据库作为数据管理系统,基于网络GIS技术开发而成。通过对钱塘江流域历史事故的反演,验证了该系统的准确度和可靠性。在该系统的基础上,构建了钱塘江流域典型流场库和典型突发水污染事故情景库,以实现快速应对G20峰会期间钱塘江流域突发水污染事故风险。     

突发环境风险事件应急管理的SWOT分析

本文结合某工业园区的突发环境事件应急管理实例,初步探讨了在突发环境事件应急管理中引入SWOT分析法,从而为其应急管理指明战略目标和方向。在SWOT分析深入了解工业园区在应急管理方面所面临的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战的基础上,通过矩阵分析成功得出了该工业园区应急管理的方向、可持续策略。可见,SWOT分析法在突发环境事件应急管理方面具有一定的应用潜力。     

突发环境事件应急演习问题及对策研究

突发环境事件应急演习是全面加强应急管理工作的重要环节,各级政府、生态环境部门和有关单位通过组织应急演习达到检验预案、锻炼队伍、磨合机制、发现不足等目的。通过对突发环境事件应急演习实施过程各环节的梳理,分析存在的问题,并提出增强应急演习效能的建议,为应急管理能力提升提供借鉴。     

浅谈突发溢油事件应急处置技术及装置的应用

概述了海洋溢油应急处置的技术方法,分析了溢油应急处置装置设备的应用特点,为海洋溢油应急处置工作提供理论依据。     

我国企业突发环境应急预案编制的研究

指出当前企业突发环境应急预案编制过程中存在的主要问题。对加强编制人员素质、做好风险源和风险物质管理,明确做什么、谁来做、怎么做,实现事件分级、预警级别、应急响应和信息报告等提出了建议。对强化实用性、完整性、规范性、可行性、衔接性的评估、规范现场处置六个程序和细化专项预案七项内容等方面进行研究,提出符合国家法律、法规要求、规范性的企业突发环境事件应急预案编制方法。     

突发环境事件应急演练场景设计探索

以安全生产事故次生引发突发环境事件为设计背景,结合国家相关法律、法规、技术规范以及环境应急资源现状,从应急响应流程、信息报送、应急监测、现场处置、信息公开及舆情应对等方面,提出了突发环境事件应急演练应以分场景-多任务的思路构建及开展,并成功应用于广东省第二届突发环境事件应急演练大比武,为各级生态环境管理部门和企业环境管理人员开展科学合理的突发环境事件应急演练提供参考。     

基于人工神经网络的突发环境事故应急系统

突发环境事故现场具有形势紧迫、信息获取困难等特点,引入人工神经网络技术(Artificial Neural Networks,ANN)设计开发的突发环境事故应急决策支持系统(ANN-EEDSS),能够完成现场应急指挥调度的定量化决策支持。关键技术包括突发环境事故神经网络构建方法,事故信息与应急措施的数字化方法,决策信息的翻译表示,事故影响因素的权重分析。最后阐述了系统现场运行和工作的流程。     

突发环境事件应急指挥系统建设研究

随着工业化进程加快,环境风险加剧,近年来突发环境事件频发,建立突发环境事件应急指挥系统已成为当务之急。文章针对环境应急管理工作的具体特点,在广泛借鉴国内外相关系统建设先进经验以及深入分析环境应急管理信息化需求的基础上,提出构建突发环境事件应急指挥系统的基本构想。该系统将整合先进的技术手段,贯彻环境风险理念,实施全过程技术管理体系,建立环境风险管理体制,有效提高环境应急管理水平和效率,为我国环境应急信息系统建设提供具有推广意义的建设经验。     

应急供水规划调控方案优化模型的研究

目前应急供水方案通常是根据经验进行确定,缺乏对于各种方案及其成本的比较。本文以水源突发性事件造成的供水短缺为前提,将应急供水系统的方案分成备用水源供水、污染水的应急处理、水量的压缩3个方面,建立了符合实际的应急供水系统方案优化模型。运用遗传算法,得到新建应急供水系统的成本并求得其最优值。将该模型用于东莞市应急供水规划调控方案,可以为实际应急供水方案提供依据和指导。     

生物预处理与城市分质供水

利用生物预处理工艺提高城市供水水质,大力发展城市分质供水,实现城市直饮水,是我国新世纪城市化进程及环保产业发展的趋势。本文论述了生物预处理的意义、工艺、效果、影响及其在城市供水中的意义。介绍了分质供水在国内外的发展,探讨了生物预处理与分质供水在城市中的应用及发展前景。     

我国突发环境事件应急法制法律原则的探析

法律原则对法律制度的建立、发展和完善起着尤为重要的指导作用。我国突发环境事件应急法制还处于起步阶段,相关法律研究也存在欠缺和不深入的问题。本文在比较几种相关概念的法律原则的基础上,总结环境应急法制法律原则的特征,试提出我国环境应急法制所要遵循的几条法律原则。     

饮用水水源地健康风险研究和实例分析

本论文以安庆市9个饮用水源地作为健康风险评价对象,选取2005～2008年的部分水质资料,运用健康风险评价模式,结合安庆地区人群状况修正部分参数,对该地区9个水源地经饮水途径造成的健康风险进行计算和评价。结果表明:化学致癌物所致的健康风险远远高出非致癌物,水源地健康风险主要来源于化学致癌物,在所评价的水源地中以铬(六价)的风险值最大,且有8个水源地铬(六价)的风险值均超过国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平,最高值出现在花凉亭水库。     

Spatial Distribution of Water Supply in the Coterminous United States1

Abstract: Available water supply across the contiguous 48 states was estimated as precipitation minus evapotranspiration using data for the period 1953‐1994. Precipitation estimates were taken from the Parameter‐Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM). Evapotranspiration was estimated using two models, the Advection‐Aridity model and the Zhang model. The evapotranspiration models were calibrated using precipitation and runoff data for 655 hydrologically undisturbed basins, and then tested using estimates of natural runoff for the 18 water resource regions (WRR) of the 48 contiguous states. The final water supply coverage reflects a mixture of outputs from the two evapotranspiration models. Political, administrative, and land cover boundaries were mapped over the coverage of mean annual water supply. Across the entire study area, we find that 53% of the water supply originates on forested land, which covers only 29% of the surface area, and that 24% originates on federal lands, including 18% on national forests and grasslands alone. Forests and federal lands are even more important in the West (the 11 western contiguous states), where 65% of the water supply originates on forested land and 66% on federal lands, with national forests and grasslands contributing 51%.     

Impacts of Multiple Stresses on Water Demand and Supply Across the Southeastern United States1

Abstract: Assessment of long‐term impacts of projected changes in climate, population, and land use and land cover on regional water resource is critical to the sustainable development of the southeastern United States. The objective of this study was to fully budget annual water availability for water supply (precipitation ? evapotranspiration + groundwater supply + return flow) and demand from commercial, domestic, industrial, irrigation, livestock, mining, and thermoelectric uses. The Water Supply Stress Index and Water Supply Stress Index Ratio were developed to evaluate water stress conditions over time and across the 666 eight‐digit Hydrologic Unit Code basins in the 13 southeastern states. Predictions from two Global Circulation Models (CGC1 and HadCM2Sul), one land use change model, and one human population model, were integrated to project future water supply stress in 2020. We found that population increase greatly stressed water supply in metropolitan areas located in the Piedmont region and Florida. Predicted land use and land cover changes will have little effect on water quantity and water supply‐water demand relationship. In contrast, climate changes had the most pronounced effects on regional water supply and demand, especially in western Texas where water stress was historically highest in the study region. The simulation system developed by this study is useful for water resource planners to address water shortage problems such as those experienced during 2007 in the study region. Future studies should focus on refining the water supply term to include flow exchanges between watersheds and constraints of water quality and environmental flows to water availability for human use.     

外商股权投资国有自来水公司的模式探讨

本文重点分析和探讨了外商在符合目前我国相关法规的前提下，投资国内自来水行业的交易模式及其优缺点。其中，三权分离模式是结合2006年正式施行的新公司法提出的一种创新性的操作模式，可为国内项目的实际运作提供新的思路和途径。     

传染病医院建筑给排水设计初探

本文针对传染病医院建筑给排水的设计进行研究.从实例出发,分析了传染病院的功能特点及不同类型传染病所采取的措施要点,从有利于洁净及防止二次污染、污水处理及消防给水设计等几个方面提出自己的看法及相应的技术措施.     

电器产品测试用供水系统的研制

本文介绍的是一种能为与水源连接的电器产品安全及性能测试提供高精度多参数供水系统的研制思路。本系统由PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)、模糊PID(管路及仪表布置图)调节仪、变频器、电动阀、计量泵等组成,实现了供水温度、压力、流量、电阻率、pH值、硬度等多参数的全自动控制。经实际测试,该供水系统各项参数均能达到标准规定的供水要求。     

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin,Northern China1

Ji, Yuhe, Liding Chen, and Ranhao Sun, 2012. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Supply Stress in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 999‐1007. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00671.x Abstract: Water resources are becoming increasingly stressed under the influence of climate change and population growth in the Haihe River Basin, Northern China. Assessing the temporal and spatial variability of water supply stress is urgently needed to mitigate water crisis caused by water resource reallocation. Water supply and use data were compiled for the time period of 1998‐2003 in this synthesis study. The Water Supply Stress Index (WSSI) as defined as Water Demand/Water Supply was used to quantitate whether water supply could meet the demand of human activities across the study region. We found a large spatial gradient of water supply stress in the study region, being much higher in the eastern subbasins (ranging from 2.56 to 4.31) than the west subbasins (ranging from 0.56 to 1.92). The eastern plain region not only suffered more serious water supply stress but also had a much higher interannual variability than the western hilly region. The uneven spatial distribution of water supply stress might result from the distribution of land use, population, and climate. Future climate change and rapid economic development are likely to aggravate the existing water crisis in the study region.