福州市郊泉头村沼气生态工程建设及其效益分析

应用生态学和系统论的原理，把可利用的生物物质通过沼气厌氧发酵形成良性生态循环系统。这样既解决了农村能源，保护了森林资源和植被，又解决了环境保护等问题。同时，把种植业和养殖业有机地结合起来，取得了综合效益。福州市郊泉头村生态工程建设从１９８６年起经过８年的试点，采用了沼气多级发酵工艺，成功地建造了沼气生态系统工程，促进了生产的发展，１９９３年产值达６８００万元，人均产值９３４００元，成为福州市重点商     

福州市郊泉头村沼气生态工程建设及其效益分析

应用生态学和系统论的原理，把可利用的生物物质通过沼气厌氧发酵形成良性生态循环系统。这样既解决了农村能源，保护了森林资源和植被，又解决了环境保护等问题。同时，把种植业和养殖业有机地结合起来，取得了综合效益。福州市郊泉头村生态工程建设从１９８６年起经过８年的试点，采用了沼气多级发酵工艺，成功地建造了沼气生态系统工程，促进了生产的发展，１９９３年产值达６８００万元，人均产值９３４００元，成为福州市重点商品猪基地之一和菜篮子工程项目。     

朝着可持续的零售业迈进的实效步伐：芬兰Kesko案例

Kesko是芬兰批发与零售市场的领头羊，从环境、社会功能及可持续性方面来说，它是世界最先进的贸易公司之一。Kesko开发了一种自我量身定制的可持续性管理系统，包括信息技术，清洁性能指标和公开的报告，环境测量已经提高了全公司各项活动的效益，降低了成本，并且推动了系统的工作和更好的质量，供应链社会性质的控制则进一步增加了Kesko作为一家负责任公司的声誉，为它的公司形象带来了积极影响，十余年的顽强工作已经带来了全新的信息技术，生态效益建设，更好的公司效益，更佳的公司形象和更大的雇员满意度，Kesko通过积极参与国际合作活动，包括通过联合国环境规划署和国际商会多种形式的委托，与大家共同分享它的经验。     

啤酒废酵母核酸降解物在龙眼生产上应用的研究

使用45μg/mL的啤酒废酵母核酸降解物处理龙眼后，与对照相比叶片厚度增加了16.80%，叶片鲜比重（mg/cm^2）增加了14.15％，叶片干比重（mg/cm^2）增加了32.12%,叶绿素a增加了68.88%，叶绿素b增加了27.50%，叶绿素总量增加了56.10%，使用40μg/mL的核酸降解物处理后，能增加龙眼雌花量，提高雌雄花比，座果数比对照增加了183.94%，单株产量增加128.94%，单果重增加26.57%，可食率增加11.29%，可溶性固型物增加9.51％，维生素C增加14.97%，明显地改善了龙眼的果实品质。     

废物管理：清洁技术——欧盟各成员国现状

１９９３年，欧洲联盟委员会开展了一项各成员国中的清洁技术研究，本文总结了该项研究的结果，讨论了欧盟清洁技术活动的各个方面，包括：信息与教育，费用与资金供应，批准制度，自愿协议，和各成员国之间的专利技术交流，对中小企业进行清洁技术教育视为该委员会的一项特殊挑战；因为一些成员国中这样的企业包含该有几乎所有公司；综述了有关国际计划和组织的目标，任务和成员，概述了对该委员提出了一般建议。     

紫外线B对海洋生态系统的影响

近年来随着臭氧损失现象日益严重，到达地球表面的紫外线B辐射不断加强，海洋生态系统受到了前所未有的威胁。UV-B的增强改变了生物体赖以生存的水体环境，影响了浮游植物对营养盐的吸收同化，抑制了浮游植物的光合作用，从而减少了海洋对CO2的吸收能力，其结果直接增加了温室效应。同时UV-B也直接影响生态系统食物链的各个营养级，伤害海洋病毒、细菌和浮游植物，降低浮游动物和仔稚鱼的成活率，进而影响到整个海洋生态系统的结构和功能。     

波兰的清洁生产：瞄准一项兼顾工业与环境的政策

本文描述了波兰清洁生产运动的发展，最初的行动始于１９８９年的华沙联合国际环境署研讨会，１９９４年，也在华沙举行的联合国环境署第三次清洁生产高级顾研讨会提供了一个修正和陈述五年所取得的结果的机会，这些结果包括波兰现存清洁生产各个方面的组织与建立，文中讨论了从非政府组织到官方机械开的，环境部和工业部积极参与各项活动的方法论，组织步骤和评估，介绍了第一次全国清洁生产运动会议的一般结果，也概述了进一步的必     

调整生态结构是小流域水土保持综合治理的有效措施

笔者根据辽宁西北部太平沟小流域水土保持综合治理实践，阐述了通过调整小流域生态结构，即流域内植物群落水平结构、垂直结构、物质循环结构，再配合适当的工程措施，使水水流失大幅度减少，同时改善了饲料、肥科、燃料供求状况，提高了土壤肥力，增加了粮食产量和群众收入，使生态功能不断提高，实现了治理目的。     

试论自然保护区与社区协调发展

概括了自然保护区与社区的统一性和矛盾，分析了自然保护区与社区协调发展存在的主要问题，提出了自然保护区与社区协调发展的途径与方法，总结了一些保护区与社区协调发展的有效模式，包括政区合署模式，协调机构模式，保护与扶贫相结合模式，经济上双赢模式和公众参与模式。     

产业与环境：丹麦展望

近２０－３０年来，很多国家引进了综合性环境保护法律，然而，人们逐渐认识到，在进行具体技术调控的同时，也需要意识上和管理原则上的改变，为寿命各公司在公司层次上减少，评估，监测和控制环境影响，已经开发了各种环境管理技术，本文根据对丹麦公司的一次，论述了下列问题：这些技术是如何在工业中采用的？以及发生态度上的变化了吗。？     

The measurement of green finance index and the development forecast of green finance in China

This paper proposes a green finance index that may help policymakers and investors take more favorable actions based on the development of green finance. After analysis and organization of the development process of green finance and related green finance and index concepts, this paper uses the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to construct a measurement model suitable for measuring the development level of green finance based on the principle of fuzzy mathematics. The index weight adopts the entropy method and improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) joint determination. At the same time, using the relevant statistical indicators of China's green credit from 2011 to 2019, and using the constructed model, the level of China's green finance development during this period was evaluated. Finally, the obtained data and classical gray model methods were used to predict China's green development level from 2020 to 2024. The research results show that: This model is a good measure of the level of development of green finance, and China's green finance index has generally shown a rapid growth trend over the past nine years, with the fastest growth rate between 2013 and 2014. From the perspective of the weight of each index affecting the green financial index, the weight of new energy, green transportation projects and new energy vehicles ranked in the top three, and the impact of these three indexes on China's green financial index is significant. In the future, China's green financial development level will continue to improve.

     

Egg coloration in ring-billed gulls (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Larus delawarensis</Emphasis>): a test of the sexual signaling hypothesis

Although many avian eggs appear to be cryptically colored, many species also lay vibrant blue green eggs. This seemingly conspicuous coloration has puzzled biologists since Wallace, as natural selection should favor reduced egg visibility to minimize predation pressure. The sexual signaling hypothesis posits that blue green egg coloration serves as a signal of female quality and that males exert post-mating sexual selection on this trait by investing more in the nests of females laying more intensely blue green eggs. This hypothesis has received mixed support to date, and most previous studies have been conducted in cavity-nesting species where male evaluation of his partner’s egg coloration, relative to that of other females, may be somewhat limited. In this study, we test the sexual signaling hypothesis in colonially nesting ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) where males have ample opportunity to assess their mate’s egg coloration relative to that of other females. We used correlational data and an experimental manipulation to test four assumptions and predictions of the sexual signaling hypothesis: (1) blue green pigmentation should be limiting to females; (2) extent of blue green egg coloration should relate to female quality; (3) extent of blue green egg coloration should relate to offspring quality; and (4) males should provide more care to clutches with higher blue green chroma. Our data provide little support for these predictions of the sexual signaling hypothesis in ring-billed gulls. In light of this and other empirical data, we encourage future studies to consider additional hypotheses for the evolution of blue green egg coloration.     

城市公园对城市热岛的影响及三维分析--以广州市主城区为例

随着城市的快速发展,城市热岛（UHI）问题越来越突出,如何缓解城市发展所带来的热岛效应加剧,提高居民健康生活质量,改善人居环境,已成为全民关注的重点生态环境问题。在高度发达的城市区域,绿地对城市热岛具有明显的降温效应,因此对其进行定量研究具有重要意义。文章基于遥感和 GIS 的方法,通过热环境反演和空间统计分析,以广州市主城区30块主要城市公园为研究对象,分别从城市绿地形态、城市绿地缓冲区和热环境三维分析3个方面研究了城市绿地对城市热岛的影响。结果显示：城市绿地形态（面积,周长,形状指数）与公园的温度具有较强的对数相关性,并且随着三者的增大,绿地内部均温和最低温度均降低,并且呈现“饱和”趋势;通过对城市公园斑块建立3个缓冲区（120、240、360 m）,并进行缓冲区内的均温统计发现,30个城市公园的温度变化呈现出3种情形,即自内向外变高、变低和不变;最后,为了更好的解释上述3种情形,引入三维热环境分析,对3种情形分别选取代表性公园进行分析,总结其空间分布规律,结合相关数据对产生的这种结果进行了简要分析。本文的主要创新点,在对城市公园与热环境关系传统分析的基础上,引入三维的分析方法,能够更加清晰的展示二者的关系,为未来的相关研究提供一定的借鉴。     

Cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in green sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago (1982–2003)

We investigated cause-specific temporal and spatial trends in sea turtle strandings in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Five species of sea turtle were recorded in 3,861 strandings over a 22-year period (1982–2003). Green turtles comprised 97% of these strandings with size and gender composition reflecting the demographic structure of the resident green turtle population and relative green turtle abundance in Hawaiian waters. The cause of strandings was determined by necropsy based on a complete gross external and internal examination. Totally 75% of the 3,732 green turtle strandings were from Oahu where strandings occur year-round. The most common known cause of the green turtle strandings was the tumour-forming disease, fibropapillomatosis (28%) followed by hook-and-line fishing gear-induced trauma (7%), gillnet fishing gear-induced trauma (5%), boat strike (2.5%), and shark attack (2.7%). Miscellaneous causes comprised 5.4% of strandings whereas 49% of green turtle strandings could not be attributed to any known cause. Green turtle strandings attributable to boat strike were more likely from Kauai and Oahu while fibropapilloma strandings were more likely from Oahu and Maui. Hook-and-line gear strandings were more likely from Oahu due to higher per capita inshore fishing effort. The specific mortality rate (conditional probability) for fibropapillomatosis was 88%, 69% for gillnet gear and 52% for hook-and-line gear. The probability of a dead green turtle stranding increased from 1982 but levelled off by the mid-1990s. The declining mortality risk was because the prevalence and severity of fibropapillomatosis has decreased recently and so has the mortality risk attributable to gillnet gear. Despite exposure to disease and inshore fishing gears, the Hawaiian green turtle stock continues to recover following protection since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, measures to reduce incidental capture of sea turtles in coastal Hawaiian fisheries would be prudent, especially since strandings attributable to hook-and-line fishing gear have increased steadily since 1982.     

居住区绿色空间的生态规划与设计——以珠海华发新城为例

居住区绿色空间是城市绿色空间的重要组成部分，它对提高居民的生活环境质量，增进居民的身心健康至关重要，具有重要的生态服务功能。从生态学的角度出发，提出了居住区绿色空间生态规划的8项原则，并以珠海华发新城为例，从滨河公园、住区外围防护绿色空间、建筑组团外围和庭院绿色空间、建筑架空底部绿色空间、屋顶和垂直绿化等方面进行了规划设计。     

我国绿色饭店建设的现状与对策

创建绿色饭店已成为新世纪饭店业发展必然趋势.在我国,饭店的创绿活动已如火如荼的展开.本文从绿色饭店的概念入手,分析建设绿色饭店的意义,总结了我国绿色饭店建设的现状,提出了饭店实施绿色计划所面临的任务和对策.     

城市景观生态建设──以沈阳市为例

本文对城市进行了景观生态学分析，认为城市景观嵌块体小，数量多，景观高度破碎，道路廊道多，而缺少绿色廊道及绿色嵌块体，结合沈阳市，分析了景观质量及绿地现状，从而提出在城市景观生态建设中应增加绿色嵌块体及绿色廊道的数量。     

Energy and environmental applications of carbon nanotubes

Energy and environment are major global issues inducing environmental pollution problems. Energy generation from conventional fossil fuels has been identified as the main culprit of environmental quality degradation and environmental pollution. In order to address these issues, nanotechnology plays an essential role in revolutionizing the device applications for energy conversion and storage, environmental monitoring, as well as green engineering of environmental friendly materials. Carbon nanotubes and their hybrid nanocomposites have received immense research attention for their potential applications in various fields due to their unique structural, electronic and mechanical properties. Here, we review the applications of carbon nanotubes (1) in energy conversion and storage such as in solar cells, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, lithium ion batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors, (2) in environmental monitoring and wastewater treatment for the detection and removal of gas pollutants, pathogens, dyes, heavy metals and pesticides and (3) in green nanocomposite design. Integration of carbon nanotubes in solar and fuel cells has increased the energy conversion efficiency of these energy conversion applications, which serve as the future sustainable energy sources. Carbon nanotubes doped with metal hydrides show high hydrogen storage capacity of around 6?wt% as a potential hydrogen storage medium. Carbon nanotubes nanocomposites have exhibited high energy capacity in lithium ion batteries and high specific capacitance in electrochemical supercapacitors, in addition to excellent cycle stability. High sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of environmental pollutants are demonstrated by carbon nanotubes based sensors, as well as the anticipated potentials of carbon nanotubes as adsorbent to remove environmental pollutants, which show high adsorption capacity and good regeneration capability. Carbon nanotubes are employed as reinforcement material in green nanocomposites, which is advantageous in supplying the desired properties, in addition to the biodegradability. This article presents an overview of the advantages imparted by carbon nanotubes in electrochemical devices of energy applications and green nanocomposites, as well as nanosensor and adsorbent for environmental protection.     

黑臭河道生物修复中3种不同增氧方式比较研究

利用叶轮式曝气机、水下式曝气机、射流式曝气机等3种不同曝气方式的曝气设备进行了黑臭河涌曝气试验。研究表明，不同增氧方式对黑臭河道水体增氧效率不同，水下式曝气机、叶轮式曝气机均可在黑臭河道下游形成一段绿色水而，水车式曝气机下游变绿河段长度为15．7m，叶轮式曝气机下游变绿河段长度为6．3m，射流式曝气机不能形成明显的绿色水而。无论足河道水体增氧效果、CODcr、NH3-N去除效果，还足河道菌-藻生态系统的建口、自净能力的肩动，水下式增氧机均优于其它两种增氧机，而且存在投资少、安装维护方便、运行费用低等优点。适应于河道窄、水流缓、截污难度大的城郊中小型黑臭河道的治理。     

Patterns in the emergence of green (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chelonia mydas</Emphasis>) and loggerhead (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Caretta caretta</Emphasis>) turtle hatchlings from their nests

The emergence patterns of both green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) turtle hatchlings were observed in great detail over three seasons at Alagadi beach, northern Cyprus. In total, 38 green turtle and 50 loggerhead turtle nests were monitored, accounting for the emergence of 2,807 and 2,259 hatchlings, respectively. We quantified these emergences into 397 green turtle and 302 loggerhead turtle emergence groups. Overall, 85.0% of green turtle and 79.5% of loggerhead turtle groups emerged at night; these accounted for 85.5 and 90.8% of hatchlings, respectively. The remaining emergences were dispersed throughout the day for green turtle nests but confined to the morning in loggerhead turtle nests. Hatchling emergence from individual nests occurred over periods of between 1 and 7 nights, with most hatchlings typically emerging on the first night. Group sizes of green turtles emerging during the day were significantly smaller than those emerging at night. Hatchlings of both species that emerged from nests during the day had longer emergence durations than those that emerged from nests at night only.Communicated by R.J. Thompson, St. Johns