简讯

国家标准《高可视性警示服》起草完毕公开征求意见由国家安全生产监督管理局科学技术研究中心和3M中国有限公司共同起草的国家强制标准《高可视性警示服》已撰写完成。该标准修改采用欧洲标准EN471,对高可视性警示服上使用的警示材料,包括反光材料与基底荧光面料的性能、最小使用面积和在服装上的位置等设定了最低要求。该标准正在广泛征求意见中,欢迎广大读者来电、来函垂询,索取标准原稿并提出宝贵意见。     

高可视性警示服标准对比研究

<正>高可视性警示服是指用鲜艳的基底材料和反光材料按特殊设计要求制作,具有警示作用的服装。无论是白天还是在夜间灯光的照射下,高可视性警示服都能在视觉上凸显穿着者的存在,在潜在危险情况下,可降低事故发生的可能性。近年来,我国多地发生雾霾天气,大量微粒悬浮在空中,使有效能见度降低,增加了交通事故的发生率,此时穿着高可视性警示服对     

反光材料在警用救援服中的应用研究

高可视性材料在警用救援服装中占有重要地位。本研究是选用国内外最优的两种反光材料,设计不同的温度、压力及时间与阻燃面料粘合,经过耐磨、耐曲挠和耐水洗后,观其反光性能、物理性能和阻燃性的变化,以确定最佳的粘合温度、压力及时间。结果表明:粘合温度为175℃,压力为0.35MPa,粘合时间30S为最佳的条件,在此条件下两种反光材料各项性能均能满足警用救援服装使用要求。     

高可视警示服的反光材料设计要点概述

本文主要介绍了国内外高可视警示服标准在设计要求上的差异,重点关注高可视警示服的级别和选择指导,并对反光材料的配置位置及其对穿着者夜间可视性的影响进行了分析。     

国内高可视性警示服相关标准分析比较

本文分析比较了GB20653-2006《职业用高可视性警示服》、GA446-2016《警服反光背心》和GB/T28468-2012《中小学生交通安全反光校服》等国内高可视性警示服领域相关标准测试方法和技术指标的异同,并得出了结论。有助于GB 20653-2006《职业用高可视性警示服》的修订以及了解修订后对其他标准实施的影响。     

反光材料的类别与应用

1 前言 反光材料，也称为回归反射材料或逆反射材料，包括反光膜、反光油墨、反光标线漆、反光布、反光革、反光织带和反光安全性丝织物等。其原理是在相应的材料表面上引入一种高折射率的玻璃微珠或三棱镜微晶格结构，将光线按原路反射回光源处，从而形成回归反射现象。在灯光照射下，反光材料具有比其他非反光材料醒目几自倍的视觉效果。     

浙江道明反光材料有限公司

浙江道明反光材料有限公司是专业从事研究、开发、生产和销售各种反光材料及反光制品的新型企业。拥有完备的研发中心，是瓶洲最大的反光材料生产基地。     

回归反射材料光度测试探讨

本文根据回归反射材料所特有的反光性能,对其三种测试方法及可能出现的影响测试结果的因素进行了分析讨论,为测试系统的设计、测试方法和仪器的选择及测试结果的不确定度评估提供参考。     

浙江道明反光材料有限公司

浙江道明反光材料有限公司是专业从事研究、开发、生产和销售各种反光材料及反光制品的新型企业，拥有完备的研发中心，是亚洲最大的反光材料生产基地。     

浙江道明反光材料有限公司

浙江道明反光材料有限公司是专业从事研究、开发、生产和销售各种反光材料及反光制品的新型企业，拥有完备的研发中心，在亚洲拥有实力雄厚的反光材料生产基地。     

浙江道明反光材料有限公司

浙江道明反光材料有限公司是专业从事研究、开发、生产和销售各种反光材料及反光制品的新型企业，拥有完备的研发中心，在亚洲拥有实力雄厚的反光材料生产基地。     

建筑材料火灾烟气减光性能的试验研究

笔者以木材、纺织品和塑料(聚苯乙烯) 3类材料作为高层建筑常用的可燃性建筑材料,对其在燃烧状态下释放的烟气进行了减光性能试验,研究了3种建筑材料在燃烧状态下,释放烟气的光学密度、减光系数、能见度及其相互关系,并建立了简明的函数关系式。通过试验,其结果表明,3种建筑材料释放烟气的光学密度随时间呈线性增长,烟场内疏散标志的能见度与烟气的减光系数、燃烧建材的性质、室内其他照明装置的开闭、疏散标志自身的亮度有关     

On-road measures of pedestrians' estimates of their own nighttime conspicuity

PROBLEM: Most pedestrian fatalities occur at night. Although researchers have long understood that drivers have difficulty seeing pedestrians at night and that reflective clothing can dramatically enhance pedestrian conspicuity, the extent to which pedestrians understand these facts is unclear. This experiment quantified pedestrians' estimates of the ability of an approaching driver to recognize the presence of roadside pedestrians. METHOD: Ten younger and 10 older participants walked in place on the far shoulder of a closed-road circuit and pressed a button when they were confident that the approaching driver could first recognize that a pedestrian was present. RESULTS: Pedestrians overestimated their visibility and dramatically underestimated the benefit of conspicuity treatments. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pedestrians fail to understand the magnitude of the nighttime conspicuity problem and the value of conspicuity treatments. Pedestrians may therefore unknowingly place themselves in danger at night. IMPACT: These results underscore the need to educate pedestrians about the dangers of interacting with traffic at night and about treatments that increase their safety.     

Investigating factors influencing drivers' speed selection behavior under reduced visibility conditions

Objective: Driving speed is a major concern for driving safety under reduced visibility conditions. Many factors affect speed selection in low visibility, but few studies have been conducted examining drivers' characteristics, particularly in China. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between drivers' demographic information, driving ability, and speed choice in low-visibility conditions using a sample of Chinese drivers.

Methods: A self-designed driving ability scale was used to assess driving ability in reduced visibility conditions. The reliability and validity of 306 gathered questionnaires were examined in this article, and a structural equation model (SEM) was built to explore the predictors of drivers' speed selection behavior under reduced visibility conditions and to measure the relationships between various factors.

Results: Age and driving experience have no direct relationship to speed selection behavior in reduced visibility, but the frequency of using expressways and annual mileage are significantly related to the speed on roads that have a speed restriction of 80 or 120 km/h. Under reduced visibility conditions, driving ability has a significant effect on speed selection behavior, and driving skill (DS) is the most influential on speed selection behavior on roads with a speed limit of 120 km/h; otherwise, the effect of risk perception (RP) does not differ by speed choice on 3 roads with different speed limits. Driving speed in good weather also has a positive influence on speed selection behavior in low visibility.

Conclusion: Driving ability is directly associated with speed selection in reduced visibility conditions, and some demographic data indirectly influence speed selection. This study provides useful recommendations for drivers' training programs to reduce casualties from accidents in low-visibility conditions.     

Predicting reduced visibility related crashes on freeways using real-time traffic flow data

ObjectivesThe main objective of this paper is to investigate whether real-time traffic flow data, collected from loop detectors and radar sensors on freeways, can be used to predict crashes occurring at reduced visibility conditions. In addition, it examines the difference between significant factors associated with reduced visibility related crashes to those factors correlated with crashes occurring at clear visibility conditions.MethodRandom Forests and matched case-control logistic regression models were estimated.ResultsThe findings indicated that real-time traffic variables can be used to predict visibility related crashes on freeways. The results showed that about 69% of reduced visibility related crashes were correctly identified. The results also indicated that traffic flow variables leading to visibility related crashes are slightly different from those variables leading to clear visibility crashes.Impact on IndustryUsing time slices 5–15 minutes before crashes might provide an opportunity for the appropriate traffic management centers for a proactive intervention to reduce crash risk in real-time.     

细水雾抑制隧道甲醇火灾的全尺寸实验研究

针对难以迅速扑灭的隧道甲醇火灾场景,在截面积9.14 m~2,长38 m的全尺寸隧道内开展了一系列实验,研究了不同通风条件下多喷头细水雾系统对隧道甲醇火灾的抑制作用。通过分析火源周围温度分布、火源下风向隧道温度分布及隧道能见度等参数,综合评估了通风条件下细水雾系统抑制隧道火灾的效果。结果表明:纵向通风降低隧道温度的同时易引起人眼高度处温度升高;细水雾能迅速控制火灾发展并有效降低隧道温度,但细水雾雾滴的扩散与沉降易造成隧道能见度的下降。在本文条件下,风速为4.98 m/s的纵向通风和10 MPa压力下的6喷头细水雾系统共同作用能够有效降低火源周围温度和隧道温度,并显著提高隧道能见度。