山东省农田土壤多环芳烃的污染特征及源解析

2015年7月采集山东省农田表层土壤,采用高效液相色谱紫外/荧光检测器串联方法对美国环保署优先控制的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）进行检测,分析了其含量和组成特点,比较了种植粮食作物的大田土壤和蔬菜大棚土壤、点源污染和非点源污染大田土壤中PAHs的差异,采用比值法和正定矩阵因子模型对PAHs来源进行解析,并评价了其风险.结果表明,16种PAHs总含量（∑16PAHs）范围为111.5~2744.1 ng·g^-1,均值为556.3 ng·g^-1,与国内其他地区的农田土壤污染水平相比处于中等水平.组成上,苊、芴、荧蒽的比例较高,而茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘的比例较低.点源污染大田土壤中∑16PAHs含量和7种致癌PAHs的比例均显著高于非点源污染大田;蔬菜大棚土壤与附近的大田土壤相比,∑16PAHs含量没有显著差异,且均是3~4环PAHs比例较高.山东省农田土壤中的PAHs主要来自于燃烧源,其中燃煤和生物质燃烧占42.7%,交通产生的石油燃烧占19.3%,此外炼焦排放占22.8%,石油污染占15.2%.风险评估表明,山东省非点源污染大田土壤和蔬菜大棚土壤中总毒性当量含量均未超过加拿大土壤环境质量标准,但部分点源污染大田土壤超标,具有潜在的风险.     

偏远高山湿地土壤中PAHs污染特征:以神农架大九湖为例

于2012年4月沿大九湖湿地平均分布10个采样点,各采集0~10、10~20以及20~30 cm浅层土壤,采用GC-MS对大九湖湿地浅层土壤中USEPA 16种优控多环芳烃（PAHs）进行分析,对其分布、组成、来源进行了详细的讨论,并对高山湿地PAHs污染标志物进行了浅析.结果表明,研究区0~10、10~20、20~30cm浅层土壤中∑₁₆PAHs含量分别为48.55~984.73、14.36~806.47、12.84~1191.53 ng·g^-1,均值分别为302.94、142.98、208.68 ng·g^-1;7种致癌单体多环芳烃含量范围分别为21.20~844.29、2.96~592.06、0.66~964.70 ng·g^-1,均值分别为197.25、93.16、147.16 ng·g^-1,分别占总PAHs的65.12%、65.13%、69.08%;泥炭区PAHs含量明显高于非泥炭区,且已达到重度污染程度;PAHs组成以4、5、6环为主;结合IcdP/（IcdP+BghiP）及Pyr/BaP比值分析,推测大九湖湿地浅层土壤中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料及木材的燃烧,近年来旅游车辆的进入对PAHs的贡献较大;对浅层土壤中各单体PAH与PAHs总含量进行回归分析表明、苯并（b）荧蒽、茚（1,2,3cd）并芘、苯并（a）蒽作为泥炭地PAHs标志性化合物,用来评价PAHs的污染程度.     

珠江三角洲典型区域农业土壤中多环芳烃的含量分布特征及其污染来源

2002-10～2005-11采集珠江三角洲典型区域（东莞市、惠州市、中山市、珠海市和佛山市顺德区）的农业土壤表层样品260个,运用气相色谱-质谱方法对美国EPA优控的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）进行分析测定.结果显示,研究区农业土壤中16种PAHs含量范围在3.3～4 079.0 ng·g^-1,平均含量244.2 ng·g^-1,以3环和4环的PAHs为主;中心城区土壤中PAHs含量高于远郊区,菜地>水稻田>香蕉地>旱坡地果园地>甘蔗地.依据荧蒽/芘及2+3环与4环以上PAHs化合物分布特点,表明该区域农业土壤中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧.通过与国内外土壤中PAHs含量的对比,研究区的农业土壤受到一定程度的PAHs污染,含量处于中等水平.     

基于GIS及APCS-MLR模型的兰州市主城区土壤PAHs来源解析

为了解兰州市主城区表层土壤多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染现状,采集兰州市主城区表层土样62份,利用GC-MS （气相色谱-质谱联用仪）分析土样中16种优控PAHs的含量,采用描述性统计方法表征PAHs污染特征,运用APCS-MLR （绝对主成分分析-多元线性回归）模型判断土壤PAHs的来源,并验证模型结果的准确性,最后结合地统计方法确定各PAHs来源的主要影响区域.结果表明,兰州市主城区表层土壤Σ₁₆ PAHs的含量为1069~7377 μg·kg^-1,平均为2423 μg·kg^-1;其中,以4~6环的高分子量PAHs为主,占Σ₁₆ PAHs的质量分数为72.81%.APCS-MLR模型验证结果表明,实测值与预测值吻合性较高,该模型对于研究区土壤PAHs源解析有很好的适用性.兰州市主城区表层土壤PAHs的来源主要为交通排放源（35.42%）、石油排放源（29.88%）和煤炭与生物质燃烧混合源（33.91%）,高值区主要分布在交通密集范围和工业区.结果表明研究区土壤PAHs来源复杂,且受人为活动的影响较大,应根据各污染源的贡献率和影响区域加强控制,以减少污染源排放量,从而降低土壤PAHs的污染程度.     

焦化厂周边PM10-梧桐叶片-土壤介质中PAHs相关性研究

为了研究焦化厂大气可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）、梧桐叶片、土壤3介质中PAHs的污染特征、来源及相关性,连续1 a采其周边PM₁₀、梧桐叶片及土壤样品,利用美国EPA8000系列方法进行分析.结果发现,PM₁₀、梧桐叶片、土壤3种介质中PAHs总量年平均值分别为101.11 ng/m³、79.45 ng/g和121.53 μg/g;PM₁₀中苯并(a)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)、荧蒽、苯并(a)芘等高环数的多环芳烃占明显优势;在梧桐叶片中萘、苊、苯并(a)芘和苯并(g,h,i)的含量较高;土壤中苊烯、芘、苯并(a)蒽等3和4环的PAHs占较大比例. 5月梧桐树叶中只含有苊和芘,而且浓度较低,分别为0.16 ng/g和0.63 ng/g;7、8月梧桐叶中PAHs总量显著提高,从39.19 ng/g上升到150.94 ng/g.通过相关性推断,焦化厂PAHs主要来源为复合污染; 梧桐叶片中PAHs各组分浓度与土壤和PM₁₀中各组分的浓度均具有极显著的相关性（p<0.01）.     

高等植物内源激素与土壤荧蒽、苯并(a)芘污染诱导的剂量-效应关系

以小麦(Triticum acstivnm)为供试植物,草甸棕壤为供试土壤,采用室内培养箱盆栽方法,研究了荧蒽、苯并(a)芘单一及复合污染胁迫与小麦叶片中3种植物内源激素赤霉素(gibberellic acid, GA₃)、细胞分裂素类的玉米素及玉米素核苷总量(zeatin and zeatin riboside, Z&ZR)、脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)的污染诱导剂量-效应关系.结果表明,荧蒽单一及与苯并(a)芘复合污染胁迫对小麦体内ABA的合成有明显的诱导作用,并且荧蒽单一污染的诱导作用较强,当荧蒽浓度为16　mg·kg^-1时,ABA含量比对照增加了198％.荧蒽、苯并(a)芘复合污染对GA₃的合成表现为明显的诱导抑制效应,而GA₃对单一污染胁迫响应趋势不明显.荧蒽、苯并(a)芘单一及复合污染胁迫对Z&ZR的合成均产生明显的诱导抑制效应.本研究表明,3种内源激素对土壤低剂量多环芳烃污染指示具有重要作用,其对荧蒽、苯并(a)芘单一及复合污染响应的敏感性顺序为：Z&ZR>ABA>GA₃.     

近20年中国表层土壤中多环芳烃时空分布特征及源解析

随着中国经济社会的快速发展,表层土壤多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）污染问题受到了全社会的高度关注.本研究通过搜集2000~2020年间有关我国表层土壤PAHs污染的相关研究,并对筛选得到的166篇文献采样数据综合运用统计学、空间插值分析和污染物特征比值源解析方法,定量分析了我国表层土壤PAHs污染水平、时间变化特征、空间分布特征以及来源特征.结果表明,我国表层土壤普遍存在人为因素的PAHs污染,其含量中位值为675.70 μg·kg^-1,总体情况良好但部分采样点位污染情况较为严重,单体含量中荧蒽（Fla）和芘（Pyr）含量较高,而苊烯（Acy）和二氢苊（Ace）含量较低;调查时段中,表层土壤PAHs含量数据大体稳定在313.10~1070.45 μg·kg^-1的中度污染水平范围内,其年度变化受石油生产与消费的影响相对较小,且不存在明显波动;统计学以及空间插值结果表明,我国表层土壤PAHs污染存在明显区域特征,地区含量从西北、华北、华东、东北、西南和中南依次递减,多数省份的PAHs污染水平处于"中度污染"或"轻度污染";源解析结果表明,我国大部分地区表层土壤PAHs污染来源于石油、生物质和煤等化石燃料的高温燃烧,但黑龙江以及新疆、西藏等西北地区主要表现为石油源污染.本研究对我国土壤环境管理和PAHs污染治理工作开展有一定参考价值.     

嘉兴市城市河网区多环芳烃污染源解析及生态风险评价

为研究嘉兴市城市河网区水体中多环芳烃的污染水平和来源并进行生态风险评价,采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对环境优控多环芳烃（PAHs）进行分析检测.结果表明,枯水期和丰水期分别检测出10种和16种优控PAHs,质量浓度范围分别为77.32~283.76ng ·L^-1和13.05~133.02ng ·L^-1,平均质量浓度分别为143.83ng ·L^-1和73.47ng ·L^-1;枯水期低环（2环和3环）占比79.18%,丰水期低环占比73.60%;嘉兴市河网区水体多环芳烃污染情况与国内外其他地区相比处于较低水平;采用同分异构比值法和主成分分析法进行污染来源分析,结果表明嘉兴市枯水期和丰水期河网水体中多环芳烃污染主要来源为城市面源污染、燃烧源以及交通污染源;Kalf风险熵值法评价结果表明,枯水期：萘（Nap）、苊烯（Acy）、二氢苊（Ace）、芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）、蒽（Ant）、荧蒽（Fla）、芘（Pyr）和苯并［a］蒽（BaA）以及∑PAHs为中等生态风险水平,丰水期：萘（Nap）、苊烯（Acy）、芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）、荧蒽（Fla）、芘（Pyr）、苯并［a］蒽（BaA）、苯并［b］荧蒽（BbF）、苯并［k］荧蒽（BkF）、苯并［a］芘（BaP）、茚苯［1,2,3-cd］芘（InP）和苯并［ghi］苝（BghiP）属于中等生态风险水平,∑PAHs为低生态风险水平;总体而言,嘉兴市河网水体中PAHs生态风险呈中等水平,有关部门需采取措施降低河网水体中PAHs的生态风险.     

某油泥堆放场地中多环芳烃的污染及其垂向分布特征

通过采集某油田油泥堆放场地及其周边24个表层土壤样品和2个剖面土壤样品,采用超声波萃取-气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测分析方法,对美国环境保护局(USEPA)优控的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析.结果表明:该研究区域的PAHs污染已较为严重,污染场地内16种PAHs的检出率为100%,w(PAHs)平均值为7 770.7 ng/g;周边土壤的16种多环芳烃的检出率为58.3%～100%,二苯并［a,h］蒽及茚并［1,2,3-cd］芘的检出率相对较低,w(PAHs)平均值为2 038.8 ng/g.研究区域内主要污染物为萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、、芘、苯并［a］蒽和苯并［a］芘.从母体PAHs与污染物来源的关系和单组分比值可以看出,污染场地内及周边土壤的污染源是石油源和燃烧源的混合源.w(PAHs)在土壤剖面中的峰值出现在40～60及20～40 cm处,不同组分的PAHs在土壤剖面中的迁移能力表现为2～3环PAHs＞4环PAHs＞5～6环PAHs.      

南黄海中部表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量分布及来源分析

采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,在一个航次内对南黄海表层沉积物中16种优先监控的PAHs的污染状况进行了调查,采用菲/蒽、荧蒽/芘、荧蒽/(荧蒽+芘)、吲哚芘/(吲哚芘+苯并(g,h,i)菲)等特定比值对PAHs来源进行了分析.结果表明,南黄海表层沉积物中检出PAHs的总含量为90.4～732.65ng·g-1,各站点均以4～6环为主;与其它站位相比,倾废区的HOI站位受到PAHs污染较为明显,无论是16种PAHs总量还是高分子量组分最高值都出现在该站点,虽然该海区沉积物中PAHs的含量没有超出生物影响低值,但苯并(b)荧蒽、吲哚芘和苯并(g,h,i)芘等一些没有最低安全标准的PAHs也有不同程度的检出,对海洋生物具有潜在的毒副作用.PAHs可能来源于原油、生物和煤燃烧造成的污染.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.