城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式构想

通过对惠州市电子废弃物收集体系组成、去向以及电子废弃物处置方式的调查,分析惠州市电子废弃物收集和处置存在的一系列问题,结合实际提出了城市电子废弃物资源化管理模式的初步构想。     

美国危险废弃物的管理与处理

简要介绍了美国各行业废戏物的排放及早期废弃物对环境的污染概况,针对废弃物的管理所制定的有关法律,对废弃物依法进行处置;为我国贯彻国家环保法及有关废弃物防治法,废弃物的管理,处置有一定的借鉴作用。     

日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状 Ⅲ.日本废弃物的试验分析方法体系(D)产业废弃物处理处置过程中的监测分析

本文介绍了日本产业废弃物处理处置过程中的监测分析内容与方法。     

城市污泥的处置及资源化展望

简述了国内外污泥处置的现状,并对目前各种污泥处理处置方法进行了比较.提出了污泥资源化的一些途径,指出污泥资源化将是我国污泥处置的主要发展方向.     

现代办公设备废弃物对环境的危害及其防治对策

分析现代办公设备废弃物对环境和人类的危害，概述了国外发达国家在现代办公设备废弃物处理方面的现状和防治措施，结合目前我国的实际状况，提出我国现代办公设备废弃物的污染防治措施．     

塑料包装废弃物回收处理途径及新进展

文章综述了我国废旧塑料废弃物回收处理的几种方法，详细介绍了塑料包装废弃物回收再生利用的几种技术，并介绍了固体废旧塑料处理的先进经验与技术。     

生态环境监测全过程病原微生物安全风险识别评估及个体防护

生态环境监测人员在工作中面临病原微生物安全风险。调研发现,已颁布的相关法律法规、标准和规定,多侧重于实验室及医务人员的病原微生物安全防护,缺少生态环境监测人员在采样、样品运输和交接、废弃物处置等过程中的病原微生物安全规范,新冠肺炎疫情期间的防护指导文件比较笼统。笔者在已颁布的法律法规和各项标准基础上,识别和评估生态环境监测全过程病原微生物安全风险,提出相应的监测要求和人员防护建议,针对采样、样品运输和交接、实验室分析和废弃物处置过程提出个人防护措施及突发情况下的应急防护措施。     

危险废物浸出毒性试验方法的研究

在分析各国危险废物浸出毒性试验方法的基础上,综合考虑我国气候状况(降雨量、酸雨现状)及工业固体废物处理处置现状,提出我国危险废物浸出毒性研究的技术路线为:通过模拟工业固体废物填埋场在不规范填埋处置且受酸雨影响条件下,有毒物质浸出向地下渗滤造成对地下水的污染,确定浸出毒性的浸取方法.浸出毒性保护目标为地下水,同时还介绍了主要技术参数液固比、浸取剂pH值和类型的确定方法.     

实验室常见废弃物的处理

本文论述了含汞等七类实验室常见废弃物的处理方法,还介绍了六种有机溶剂和三种贵重金属的回收与提纯,指出今后实验室必须加强对实验室废弃物的处理,做到防患于未然,杜绝污染事故的发生     

城市污泥高温好氧堆肥处理及最终处置研究

城市污泥高温好氧堆肥是一种重要的污泥处理途径。本文概述了污泥高温好氧堆肥的可行性和具体操作方法、堆肥后的处置途径,讨论了污泥堆肥及其处置过程中存在的问题及其解决方法,并对高温好氧堆肥技术在我国的应用前景做出了展望．     

污水处理厂还原硫化物和臭气浓度的电子鼻监测技术探究

用电子鼻监测技术探究污水处理厂还原硫化物质量浓度和臭气质量浓度预测方法。结果表明,使用响应面分析法(RSM)建立还原硫化物质量浓度与电子鼻响应值关系,构建还原硫化物质量浓度预测模型,准确率可达95%。使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立不同质量浓度还原硫化物的传感器响应值与对应臭气质量浓度之间的关系,构建臭气浓度预测模型,并用实际样品验证。     

Evaluation of a fast wastewater odour characterisation procedure using a chemical sensor array

Sewage treatment works are one of the major sources that cause atmospheric odour pollution. The increase in the number of complaints about odour nuisance is due to the increase in environmental concerns. Unfortunately, the legislation on odour nuisance from sewage treatment works is very limited. In order to determine suitable thresholds on which to base legal standards, reliable and efficient odour measurement methods need to be defined. A chemical sensor array was developed for the purpose of measuring wastewater odour. This paper describes the development of the chemical sensor system which is specifically tuned to odours of wastewater origin and which can give an electronic measure of the wastewater odours. Odour emissions from a wastewater treatment facility were detected by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor array. The array consists of nine sensor elements, which were coated with different materials. In this paper, the usage of these novel instruments in the water industry was shown.     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液中污染物检测与分析

垃圾渗滤液水质复杂,危害性大,对其无害化处理尚未得到很好解决。溶解性有机物(DOM)是导致渗滤液处理难以达标的主导性污染物。采用GC-MS技术可将渗滤液中DOM标识划分为亲水性和疏水性两类物质,为DOM的针对性处理提供了新的思路。采用ICP-AES从渗滤液中检测出美国环境保护局颁布的13种优先污染重金属中的11种,其含量大幅超标。废弃的电子材料、颜料涂料、电池以及药物等物质的不分类收集是导致渗滤液中重金属浓度超标、毒性增强的主要原因。在垃圾渗滤液处理领域,认为BOD5/COD小于0.3就不可以采用生物法处理的传统观点已经不符合实验与工程现实。通过检测与分析,掌握了垃圾渗滤液的水质特性与污染源头,能够为制定切实可行的处理方案提供借鉴。     

黑烟车电子抓拍林格曼黑度对比验证研究

对同一场景中同一机动车排放黑烟的行为,采用光电测烟望远镜和黑烟车电子抓拍系统2种方法测定林格曼黑度,以光电测烟望远镜作基准,对黑烟车电子抓拍系统的测量结果进行修正。结果表明,黑烟车电子抓拍系统的测量结果经修正后与光电测烟望远镜的测试结果的相关性系数约为0.977,误差平均值为-0.015,方差为0.032,说明2种测量方法具有良好的相关性和可比性,利用光电测烟望远镜可以为黑烟车电子抓拍系统搭建量值溯源链。     

Development of an integrated sensor to measure odors

Odorous air samples collected from several sources were presented to an olfactometer, an electronic nose, a hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) detector and an ammonia (NH(3)) detector. The olfactometry measurements were used as the expected values while measurements from the other instrumentation values became input variables. Five hypotheses were established to relate the input variables and the expected values. Both linear regression and artificial neural network analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Principal component analysis was utilized to reduce the dimensionality of the electronic nose measurements from 33 to 3 without significant loss of information. The electronic nose or the H(2)S detector can individually predict odor concentration measurements with similar accuracy (R (2) = 0.46 and 0.50, respectively). Although the NH(3) detector alone has a very poor relationship with odor concentration measurements, combining the H(2)S and NH(3) detectors can predict odor concentrations more accurately (R (2) = 0.58) than either individual instrument. Data from the integration of the electronic nose, H(2)S, and NH(3) detectors produce the best prediction of odor concentrations (R (2) = 0.75). With this accuracy, odor concentration measurements can be confidently represented by integrating an electronic nose, and H(2)S and NH(3) detectors.     

电子垃圾回收地得克隆的污染水平及分布特征

对浙江某电子垃圾回收地水体、沉积物、土壤以及大气中得克隆（DP）的污染水平及分布特征进行了调查。结果表明,水、沉积物、土壤和大气样品中均检测出了 DP,分别为0．843～1．56 ng/L,0．185～7．03 ng/g干重,0．115～26．4 ng/g干重和11．2 pg/m3;该区域 DP分布特征表明电子垃圾的拆解和焚烧是环境中 DP的重要来源。     

A new intelligent electronic nose system for measuring and analysing livestock and poultry farm odours

This paper introduces a new portable intelligent electronic nose system developed especially for measuring and analysing livestock and poultry farm odours. It can be used in both laboratory and field. The sensor array of the proposed electronic nose consists of 14 gas sensors, a humidity sensor, and a temperature sensor. The gas sensors were especially selected for the main compounds from the livestock farm odours. An expert system called “Odour Expert” was developed to support researchers’ and farmers’ decision making on odour control strategies for livestock and poultry operations. “Odour Expert” utilises several advanced artificial intelligence technologies tailored to livestock and poultry farm odours. It can provide more advanced odour analysis than existing commercially available products. In addition, a rank of odour generation factors is provided, which refines the focus of odour control research. Field experiments were conducted downwind from the barns on 14 livestock and poultry farms. Experimental results show that the predicted odour strengths by the electronic nose yield higher consistency in comparison to the perceived odour intensity by human panel. The “Odour Expert” is a useful tool for assisting farmers’ odour management practises. Supported by Ontario Pork, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (OMAF) of Canada.     

发光细菌法在环境监测中的应用

阐述了发光细菌的生理特性及其应用原理,重点评述了发光细菌法在工业废水、水域水质毒性及其他相关领域监测中的应用。与其他生物监测方法相比,具有快速、简便、灵敏等特点,测试结果与传统的鱼类毒性试验具有良好的相关性,实际应用方便可行。同时,结合现代电子技术和化学分析技术,对发光细菌法的发展进行了展望。     

苏州市重点监控行业VOCs产生和排放特征调查与分析

通过调查与分析苏州市重点监控行业企业VOCs的产生和排放特征,调研典型企业,重点关注其涉及VOCs产生的工艺环节、原辅材料、排放浓度。结果表明:苏州市涉及VOCs排放企业行业众多,尤其以电子信息最多,其次为塑料橡胶制品行业、石油化工行业、纺织印染行业等。重点监控VOCs排放企业使用了大量有机溶剂,生产工艺中涉及VOCs排放的环节多,排放的VOCs种类多、成分复杂,具有行业特征。