The use of the removable thin film coating technique as an alternative to traditional decontamination methods to mitigate and abate hazardous particulates

This article summarizes a study that evaluated a new decontamination technique for the mitigation and abatement of hazardous dust and particulates. Traditional decontamination methods are time‐consuming, expensive, can create airborne hazards, and do not always bring the concentration of the contaminant to acceptable levels. The use of the removable thin film coating will increase efficiency, will not generate airborne hazards, will decrease costs, and, with one application, will bring the hazardous dust concentrations to acceptable levels. Qualitative tests demonstrated that the removable thin film coating reduced the amount of visible luminescent dust (a surrogate for hazardous dust) from various surfaces. It also indicated that wherever there were minute scratches, the coating did not remove all of the dust. However, the qualitative tests showed that this decontamination method worked well as a preventative method, protecting clean areas from becoming contaminated when exposed to the luminescent dust. Further investigation was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and carbon dust. Overall, the SEM experiment demonstrated that there was a statistically significant (p = 0.00007) removal of carbon dust (less than 10 μm in size) from surfaces with crevasses larger than 3 μm. The SEM also revealed that there were some limitations where there were large clusters of carbon dust; in these instances, the coating would tear and remain on the sample surface. One method to resolve this limitation involved adding Kevlar^TM fibers to the removable thin film coating. It was thought that this would increase the strength of the coating and eliminate the coating from tearing when removing large clusters of a contaminant. Unfortunately, this did not alleviate the issue. The use of an engineered textile, saturated with the coating, appeared to eliminate the problem with the coating not being able to remove the contaminant from the minute surface scratches and improved the removal process of the coating. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

ZHY－171阻尼涂料在减振降噪工程中的应用

简述阻尼涂料减振降噪的机理和发展趋势，着重介绍了无溶剂阻燃型ＺＨＹ－１７１阻尼涂料的主要技术性能、施工工艺，并通过应用实例证明其减振降噪的效果。     

Applying the Protective Role of Condensed Tannins to Acrylic-based Surface Coatings Exposed to Accelerated Weathering

Condensed tannins, extractable from tree bark have been assessed as functional additives to provide a protective role to acrylic-based coating resins. In addition to retaining high antioxidant capacity, the UV absorption properties of native and chemically modified tannins were found to be variously impacted by pH and degree of esterification or etherification. When added to acrylic-based coatings, these tannins were found to contribute colour to a white-base, but only small perceptive differences were found for clear coated wood using typical additive loadings of 0.1–0.4%. Integration of tannins in native or modified form to do not inhibit the cure of acrylic coatings or found to leach from cured coating films. Accelerated weathering was used to evaluate the photo-stability of tannin-modified acrylic and styrene-acrylic coatings. Native and modified tannins with maleate or methylcarboxylate groups retaining high antioxidant activity were associated with significantly greater coating longevity and performance than use of a synthetic photostabiliser. Moreover, esterified condensed tannins with a high degree of substitution also outperformed synthetic additives indicating the inherent UV absorption potential of these materials also contributed this efficacy within the acrylic and styrene-acrylic coating systems.     

PTFE乳液涂层对针刺毡复合滤料过滤性能的改良

采用PTFE乳液对P84.PTFE混纺针刺毡复合滤料进行涂层整理,并将其与未经整理的试样进行VDI滤料过滤性能模拟测试,进而阐述PTFE乳液涂层对该复合滤料过滤性能的影响。     

电厂循环冷却水中异养菌的检测与分析

通过对城市中水回用于火电厂循环冷却系统的微生物进行试验检测与分析,发现循环水进行前期处理后水中大肠菌群、铁细菌、硫酸盐还原菌含量分别为5个/ml、110个/ml和0.7个/ml以下,均在安全限度之内。对循环水中的异养菌检测分析发现其值在105～106个/mL范围内波动,形成火电厂循环水系统的主要危害,提出影响火电厂循环冷却系统的主要影响菌类为异养菌的结论,对循环冷却水系统微生物的控制具有一定指导意义。     

Photocrosslinking of an Acrylated Epoxidized Linseed Oil: Kinetics and its Application for Optimized Wood Coatings

Over the past few decades, the industry developed an increasing interest in using renewable, bio-based thermosetting polymers as matrix systems for composites and coating systems. In the present paper an acrylated epoxidized linseed oil (AELO) was synthesized from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) through ring opening of the oxirane group using acrylic acid as the ring opening agent. The synthesized AELO was mixed with three different photoinitiators and cured under monochromatic conditions (???=?365?nm) at different light intensities and at different temperatures. The concentration of the initiators was aligned that all initiators absorb at 365?nm the same amount of light. The evolution of cure was monitored by using real-time infrared spectroscopy with a heated attenuated total reflection unit. The decrease of absorption in the measured spectra at 1,406?cm^?1 was used to calculate the conversion of acrylic double bonds with increasing time of UV light exposure to get information about the cure kinetics for each AELO mixture at different light intensities and different temperatures. Wood substrates were coated in a preliminary work with the AELO mixtures and after UV-curing some technological coating properties like gloss, scratch resistance, adhesion, and solvent resistance were tested. In combination with the information about the cure kinetics in the present work the coating properties were correlated with the cure evolution and the final degree of double bond conversion. The found correlation can be used in the future to find optimized coating conditions for the AELO mixtures on wood substrates.     

光合细菌及其在化工有机废水处理方面的应用

光合细菌作为一类古老的细菌类群，已经在众多领域得到应用。利用光合细菌处理有机废水具有处理有机负荷高、占地面积小、便于管理、能耗低、投资费用少、菌体可以回收利用等优点，已经引起人们的重视。对光合细菌在处理化工有机废水方面的研究和应用进行了综述，指出光合细菌处理法的优缺点和发展趋势，认为光合细菌在有机废水处理方面的应用前景广阔。     

利用废泡沫塑料制备防水涂料

介绍了利用废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备水乳型防水涂料的工艺流程、配方及其性能测试方法。     

Transfer of Graphene CVD to Surface of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) Films: Effect on Biodegradation Process

Here, the influence of graphene as a coating on the biodegradation process for two different polymers is investigated, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) (biodegradable) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (non-biodegradable). Chemical vapor deposition graphene was transferred to the surface of two types of polymers using the Direct Dry Transfer technique. Polymer films, coated and uncoated with graphene, were buried in a maturated soil for up to 180 days. The films were analyzed before and after exposure to microorganisms in order to obtain information about the integrity of the graphene (Raman Spectroscopy), the biodegradation mechanism of the polymer (molecular weight and loss of weight), and surface changes of the films (atomic force microscopy and contact angle). The results prove that the graphene coating acted as a material to control the biodegradation process the PBAT underwent, while the LDPE covered by graphene only had changes in the surface properties of the film due to the accumulation of solid particles. Polymer films coated with graphene may allow the production of a material that can control the microbiological degradation, opening new possibilities in biodegradable polymer packaging. Regarding the possibility of graphene functionalization, the coating can also be selective for specific microorganisms attached to the surface.     

Synergism effects of phenol-degrading yeast and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for nitrification in coke wastewater of Esfahan Steel Company.

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and phenol-degrading yeast were isolated in order to study the synergism effects of phenol-degrading yeast and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for enhancing the nitrification in coke wastewater from the Isfahan Steel Company. The influent and effluent samples with approximately 600-1200 mg L(-1) ammonium and 550-2350 mg L(-1) phenol were collected aseptically in sterile flasks. The biodegradation of phenol and nitrification were studied with different treatments. The results showed that addition of Na2CO3 and autotrophic bacteria to wastewater increased the ammonium removal by 100%. Furthermore, the synergism effects of phenol-degrader yeast and autotrophic bacteria reduced the time for ammonium removal.     

微生物菌剂强化处理油砂

研究了微生物菌剂对油砂的处理效果,并通过第15天和第30天两次追加微生物菌剂和营养物质来加速分解石油类污染物。试验结果表明,经过56d的处理,菌剂强化处理单元最终油去除率达到47．4％;添加营养物质和农家肥的对照单元油去除率为23．6％,证明土著菌种在得到适宜的营养和共代谢基质后降解了部分石油;未做任何处理的原始油砂单元含油量基本没有变化。通过气相色谱一质谱联用分析表明,微生物菌剂对于较少碳原子数的有机物质有较好的降解效果。处理单元中随着石油分解过程的进行,系统pH会有一个明显的下降过程。通过对照单元细菌数的检测发现,改善营养物质和氧含量,可以提高土著菌种的石油降解件能。     

Capacity and Modeling of Acid Blue 113 Dye Adsorption onto Chitosan Magnetized by Fe2O3 Nanoparticles

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - A chitosan polymer was magnetized by coating with magnetite Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and the resultant material (C-Fe2O3) was first characterized through...     

甲胺磷农药废水生化处理高效菌选育的研究

从用甲胺磷农药废水长期驯化的活污泥中，筛选得到两株降解甲胺磷农药废水中有机磷的高效菌，经鉴定一株为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｃｅｒｅｕｓ）。另一株为嗜中温假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｍｅｓｏｐｈｉｌｉｃａ）。确定了上述高效菌的最适生长条件和降解有机磷的能力，混合高效菌的有机磷去除率达９９．７％。     

Inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms in hospital waste using a microwave

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of dry sterilization by microwave in the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in blood wastes. Eight bacteria strains were selected for this purpose and these are S. aureus, Salmonella sp., E. faecalis, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Streptococcus Group B and Bacillus sp. Sterilization by microwave was carried out at 385, 450 and 700 watts for 1, 5 and 10 min, respectively. Isolation and enumeration of pathogenic bacteria before and after treatments were carried out using direct plate technique and inactivation was determined in terms of log reduction. Increasing the running time and power to 10 min and 700 watts did not increase log reduction of most of pathogenic bacteria especially of gram negative bacteria. Revival of pathogenic bacteria during the storage period might be aided by the presence of a low moisture content which helps bacterial cells to revive but not to reproduce or over-grow. It can be concluded that dry sterilization of blood wastes by microwave reduces the number and limited re-growth of these pathogenic bacteria during storage time, due to the lower moisture content in the blood wastes.     

Fabrication of Ag-TiO2/Cardanol Epoxy-Based Composite Coatings Against Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Mild Steel

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this work, bio-based hybrid coating using Ag-TiO2 (AgT) sol and cardanol epoxy (CE) was developed, coated over mild steel (MS) substrates and studied...     

In situ Measurement of Daphnia longispina Grazing on Algae and Bacteria in a High Mountain Lake (Lake Paione Superiore,Northern Italy) using Fluorescently Labeled Cells

Grazing impact of Daphnia longispina on phytoplankton and bacteria in Lake Paione Superiore (Northern Italy) was evaluated using fluorescently labeled cells in short-term in situ experiments. Structure and size distribution of Daphnia were studied weekly from its appearance in July to its decline in September. Relative importance of algae and bacteria in the diet varied over time, as did consequently the relative impact of Daphnia on the phytoplankton and bacteria populations. Biomass of bacteria in the diet of Daphnia varied from 1 to 42%, and was highest at the beginning of population development when young individuals dominated. The percent biomass of algae in the diet increased with population development, ranging from 58 to 99%. Daphnia population consumed per hour 0.04–1.8% of bacteria and 0.3–17.6% of phytoplankton abundances.     

鞘细菌对镉离子的吸附性能及机理研究

研究了鞘细菌对镉离子的吸附性能及机理。实验结果表明：鞘细菌对镉离子吸附的最佳条件组合为镉离子初始质量浓度25 mg/L、吸附时间30 min、反应温度30 ℃;在此条件下,鞘细菌对镉离子的吸附量和吸附率均达最大值,分别为1 778 mg/g和84.65%;SEM照片显示,与吸附前相比,吸附后的鞘细菌菌体形态发生明显变化,菌体表面变得粗糙,并有大量絮状物沉积;吸附前后鞘细菌的红外光谱谱图显示,羟基、酰胺基、羧基等活性基团参与了镉离子的吸附过程。     

Bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge,direct action of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans or only the impact of pH?

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The bioleaching process comprises two mechanisms: direct action of the bacteria and indirect effect of low pH. In this work, the effect of bacteria...     

Microbial Communities in Composite Biofilms Participating in the Degradation of PCB

A moorland soil site polluted with PCB showed a high diversity ofmetabolically active bacteria. Beside frequent types of 16S rRNAsequences similar to those of the species ofSphingomonasand the Acidobacterium phylum an unusual high number ofsequences from the genus Burkholderia were found. Burkholderia was also the main genus in isolates enriched onbiphenyl or various chlorobenzoates. In microcosm experimentssterilized surfaces exposed to PCB polluted soil always showed thepresence of clay aggregates formed by bacteria attached to thesubstratum. The bacteria use the PCB loaded clay colloids astransport medium for the water insoluble substrate to get accessto the carbon source. This is a novel mechanism of how bacteria dealwith hydrophobic substrates.     

Preparation of aluminium-magnesium alloys and some valuable salts from used beverage cans

The purpose of this work is to recover standard aluminium-magnesium alloy(s) and some valuable salts from used beverage cans (UBCs). The suggested method updated the current recycling technology by augmenting removal of the coating paint, decreasing magnesium loss during melting process and improving hydrochloric acid leaching of the formed slag. Iron impurity present in the leaching solution, was removed by oxidation using oxygen gas or hydrogen peroxide and filtered as goethite. Results obtained revealed that a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone/dimethyl formamide entirely removes the paint coating at room temperature. The process compares favorably to the current methods involving firing or swell peeling. The coating decomposes to titanium dioxide by heating at 750 degrees C for 30 min. Standard compositions of Al-Mg alloys are formulated using secondary magnesium. The extent of recovery (R) of these alloy(s) is a function of the melting time and temperature and type of the flux. The maximum (R) value amounts to 94.4%. Sodium borate/chloride mix decreases magnesium loss to a minimum. The extent of leaching valuable salts from the slag increases with increasing the molarity, stoichiometric ratio and leaching temperature of the acid used. Removal of iron is a function of the potential of the oxidation process. Stannous chloride has been recovered from the recovered and dried salts by distillation at 700-750 degrees C.