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包装废弃物添加脱氯半焦制备SRF的热解及动力学特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用热重红外分析仪(TG-FTIR)对包装废弃物添加了4种不同比例脱氯半焦制备而成的固体衍生燃料(SRF)的热解特性及热反应动力学进行了研究分析.研究发现,4种燃料热解过程主要包括4个阶段,其中300~400℃和400~500℃为两个主要失重阶段.前一阶段,SRF-1失重显著高于SRF-2、SRF-3和SRF-4,而后一阶段失重分别呈2、3、4倍增加.4种燃料热解残余量的顺序为SRF-4SRF-3SRF-2SRF-1,即添加了脱氯半焦的燃料热解程度越高.FTIR分析表明,添加了脱氯半焦的SRF燃料第三失重峰处不产生氯代烃.随脱氯半焦添加量的增加,第二失重峰CO2产生的浓度减少;第三失重峰CH4析出浓度增加;第四失重峰CO2析出的浓度增加.采用DEAM分布活化能法得到,转化率α0.3时,SRF-2和SRF-3的活化能均高于SRF-1的活化能,0.3α0.9时(α为0.6时除外),SRF-2、SRF-3和SRF-4 3种燃料的活化能低于SRF-1,且SRF-1的活化能呈升高的趋势,而其他3种燃料呈相反趋势.脱氯半焦的添加有利于SRF燃料的热解. 相似文献
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利用稻壳灰与某垃圾电厂产生的飞灰为原料,对飞灰和稻壳灰与飞灰的混合物进行中温热处理,探究热处理工艺参数对稻壳灰稳固化垃圾飞灰重金属的影响.在一定温度范围内,反应主要产物为CSSF(即Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3F2)、Ca3SiO5等硅酸盐结晶相,这些物质会包覆重金属,同时,飞灰重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd中相对不稳定的酸溶态和可还原态向更稳定的可氧化态或残渣态转变,使Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的浸出浓度显著降低;热处理时间延长,稻壳灰添加量增加,会使热处理样中硅酸盐种类增多,结晶度提高,导致重金属的浸出浓度逐渐降低;稻壳灰添加量在2%~4%范围内,经中温热处理样品的重金属浸出浓度较低,添加量过高时(超过6%时),重金属浸出浓度逐渐升高. 相似文献
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稻壳与污泥共热解对污泥炭特性及其重金属生态风险的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
污泥热解过程中,辅料是影响热解产物性质的主要因素之一.本文研究了添加废弃生物质辅料——稻壳(0、25%、50%)对污泥炭性质、结构和重金属含量、生物有效性及生态风险的影响.实验结果表明,稻壳添加比例为50%时,污泥炭产率及其H/C和O/C比均为最小值,而其pH值和比表面积均达到最大值,污泥炭芳香化程度明显提高.同时,添加稻壳致污泥炭所含重金属存于生物有效态的含量显著降低.通过RAC风险评估,稻壳添加比例为25%时,较原污泥,污泥炭中Cu、Zn、Mn和Ni 4种元素风险水平均有不同程度的减小,而当添加比例为50%时,污泥炭中除Cu元素以外,其余各重金属风险等级均为低风险或无风险.表明污泥与稻壳共热解可有效降低污泥中重金属潜在生态风险水平,且当稻壳添加比例为50%时处理效果最优,本研究结果为污泥与稻壳资源化和无害化利用提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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稻壳生物炭对污染土壤中稀土元素生物有效性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用农业秸秆制备了污染土壤修复材料稻壳生物炭和稻壳灰,在模拟稀土(REE)污染的酸性土壤中,添加0、5%和10%的稻壳灰(RHA)稻壳生物炭(RHB),通过栽培实验考察RHA和RHB对REEs的形态和生物有效性的影响.春秋两季的盆栽实验结果表明,RHA和RHB的添加有效的降低了稀土的弱酸可提取态,随着添加量的增加效果越明显,10% RHA和10% RHB土壤中REEs的弱酸(乙酸)提取态较对照组分别降低了31.65%、19.915%,弱酸可提取态转化为了可还原态,与对照组相比,RHA和RHB的土壤中稀土元素的可还原态分别增加了26.367%、10.321%.两种修复材料显著降低了胡萝卜和茼蒿对稀土元素的富集,10% RHA处理组胡萝卜和茼蒿REEs含量分别较对照组降低了98.08%、93.41%,10% RHB胡萝卜和茼蒿REEs含量分别较对照组降低了68.61%、66.75%.研究结果表明,稻壳生物炭和稻壳灰的施用,能够有效的改善污染土壤的理化性质,降低稀土元素生物可利用态的含量,从而遏制植物对稀土元素的富集. 相似文献
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Iodine-modified calcium-based rice husk ash sorbents(I2/CaO/RHA) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,and N2 isotherm adsorption/desorption.Adsorption experiments of vapor-phase elemental mercury(Hg0) were performed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor.I2/CaO/RHA performances on Hg0 adsorption were compared with those of modified Ca-based fly ash sorbents(I2/CaO/FA) and modified fly ash sorbents(I2/FA) .Effects of oxidant loading,supports,pore size distribution,iodine impregnation modes,and temperature were investigated as well to understand the mechanism in capturing Hg0.The modified sorbents exhibited reasonable effciency for Hg0 removal under simulated flue gas.The surface area,pore size distribution,and iodine impregnation modes of the sorbents did not produce a strong effect on Hg0 capture effciency,while fair correlation was observed between Hg0 uptake capacity and iodine concentration.Therefore,the content of I2 impregnated on the sorbents was identified as the most important factor influencing the capacity of these sorbents for Hg0 uptake.Increasing temperature in the range of 80-140°C caused a rise in Hg0 removal.A reaction mechanism that may explain the experimental results was presumed based on the characterizations and adsorption study. 相似文献
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以松木屑/PVC粉/烟煤粉为原料,在150℃下采用不同压力和不同原料配比混合制备成型燃料,研究不同原料配比和压力对成型后颗粒的初始密度、松弛密度和耐摔强度等物理品质的影响.结果表明,2种或3种原料混合制备成型燃料的稳定性和耐摔强度均高于单一原料.虽然成型燃料的成型密度稳定性和耐摔强度随着压力的增加而升高,但是当压力达到15MPa后,耐摔强度的增加趋势并不是很明显.考虑到热压机能耗随着压力增加而增加的因素,15MPa可以确定为最佳成型压力.15MPa下,成型燃料在混合比例(松木屑:烟煤粉:PVC粉)为1:1:3时密度稳定在1.408g/cm3;耐摔强度在1:1:2时达到最大值99.99%. 相似文献
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谷壳灰对稻田土壤镉、砷生物有效性及糙米镉、砷累积的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为研究富硅材料谷壳灰(HA)对稻田土壤Cd、As生物有效性及糙米中Cd、As累积的影响,以稻壳为原料制备中性HA(总硅量6.26×105 mg·kg-1),开展水稻盆栽试验.HA按质量比设置4个添加水平(0、0.5%、1%、2%),种植3种水稻(黄华占、湘晚籼13、隆优4945).研究结果表明:①在土壤Cd总量为2.30 mg·kg-1、As总量为90.45 mg·kg-1的复合污染土壤中,HA施用后,与对照相比,土壤Cd的TCLP提取态、CaCl2提取态及酸可提取态含量呈现不同程度的降低,分别降低了7.8%~18.7%、7.4%~18.7%、0.9%~16.7%;土壤As的交换态和TCLP提取态含量也有降低,分别降低了6.1%~47.1%、4.3%~26.7%.②HA施用可促进土壤中酸可提取态Cd向难溶态Cd的转变,水稻湘晚籼13、隆优4945根际土壤残渣态Cd含量分别增大9.8%~23.5%、5.9%~28.1%;土壤中As主要以残渣态存在,HA的施用对土壤专性吸附As含量有增大效应.③HA施用能够降低糙米中Cd和无机As含量,施用0.5%~2% HA能使水稻隆优4945和湘晚籼13糙米Cd含量降低到0.2 mg·kg-1以下,施用2% HA能使黄华占糙米无机As含量降低到0.2 mg·kg-1以下.施用HA能够有效降低土壤Cd、As生物有效性和糙米Cd、As含量,同时增大土壤有效Si含量,有利于提高土壤质量. 相似文献
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Rice husk with high volatile content was burned in a pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed incinerator. The fluidized bed incinerator was constructed of 6 mm stainless steel with 0.45 m in diameter and 5 m in height. The emission characteristics of CO, NO, and SO2 were studied. The effects of operating parameters, such as primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate, and excess air ratio on the pollutant emissions were also investigated. The results show that a large proportion of combustion occurs at the bed surface and the freeboard zone. The SO2 concentration in the flue gas decreases with increasing excess air ratio, while the NOx concentration shows reverse trend. The flow rate of secondary air has a significant impact on the CO emission. For a fixed primary air flowrate, CO emission decreases with the secondary air flowrate. For a fixed excess air ratio, CO emission decreases with the ratio of secondary to primary air flow. The minimum CO emission of 72 ppm is attained at the operating condition of 40% excess air ratio and 0.6 partition air ratio. The NOx and SO2 concentrations in the flue gas at this condition are 159 and 36 ppm, which conform to the EPA regulation of Taiwan. 相似文献
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采用浓度分别为2%、4%、6%、8%的NaOH在80 ℃下预处理麦糠2 h,鸡粪和牛粪沼液在25 ℃下预处理麦糠5 d,比较NaOH和沼液浸泡预处理对麦糠厌氧发酵的强化作用。结果表明:6%NaOH获得最大产甲烷潜力,为199.5 mL/g,比对照组增加了191.2%(68.5 mL/g),且消化时间仅为6 d;鸡粪沼液的预处理效果明显优于牛粪沼液,最大产甲烷潜力达130.8 mL/g,相当于2%NaOH的预处理效果,但无需额外添加化学或生物等预处理药物。因此,在应用中可以根据实际情况,灵活选择2种预处理方式。 相似文献
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采用自行设计的外热式催化热解实验装置,以城市生活垃圾为原料,对温度(600℃~900℃)、物料的组分、加热方式、水蒸气以及白云石催化剂等影响垃圾热解的因素进行了分析。结果表明,气化温度、水蒸气、催化剂对垃圾热解性能影相显著。随热解温度的升高,产气量不断上升,H2和CO的含量增加,当温度为900℃时,产气量达到0.96m3/kg,H2和CO含量分别达35.1%和31.8%;催化剂使用、水蒸汽通入显著改善产品气质量,特别是H2含量,可达45%左右;挥发分含量较高的物料热解性相对较好;快加热方式有利于提高产品气质量。 相似文献
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Strength development,leachability and microstructure of heavy metals from the solidified waste using synthesis rice husk ash (sRHA) and lime blended at the weight ratio of 1:1 were used as binders.The heavy metal-containing sludge was used at the level of 0 wt.%,30 wt.%,and 50 wt.% dry weight,respectively.The sample specimens with and without 1.5 wt.% of sodium silicate (SiO 2 /Na 2 O=1.0) were cured under the ambient condition and elevated temperature curing at 50°C for 24 hr.Experimental results showed that the introduction of sodium silicate solution and elevated temperature curing to sRHA-based solidified waste containing 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge gave one day strength of 20 kg/cm 2 compared to 0.9 kg/cm2 for the control sample.XRD patterns indicated that most metal-sulfides present in the sludge were appeared in the solidified waste and SEM coupled with EDX techniques reveal these metal-sulfide particles were trapped within the lime-sRHA matrices.In addition,cumulative leaching behavior by tank test (EA NEN 7375:2004) showed that solidified waste containing up to 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge was suitable to dispose in a secured landfill. 相似文献
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High phosphorus steel slag and carbonized rice husk are two common wastes characterized by high generation and low secondary use values.Through the reduction of high phosphorus steel slag by biomass,both wastes were fully utilized,thus reducing the negative impact on the environment.In this study,variables such as temperature,time,and amount of reactants were changed to determine the optimal conditions for the reaction of steel slag with carbonized rice husk at high temperatures.The actual amoun... 相似文献
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以城市污水处理厂机械脱水后的污泥(含水率约为80%)和松木锯末的混合物为原料,进行了共气化制取富氢燃气的研究.同时,采用热重分析(TGA)研究了混合样品的热失重特性,并在固定床反应器上考察了不同掺混比对燃气成分、燃气产量和碳转化率的影响.TGA结果表明,随着锯末掺混比的增加,样品的失重量、最大失重率及挥发分析出特性指数增大.在固定床反应器中,脱水污泥中的水分在高温条件下形成蒸气气氛,与产生的半焦发生了蒸气气化反应.实验结果表明,最佳掺混比为40% ~ 60%,此时氢气含量、燃气产量、碳转化率分别为40%、0.70 m3· kg-1、64.1%.此外,借助BET和SEM对残余半焦的比表面积及表面形貌特征进行了分析. 相似文献
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选用生活垃圾作为试验物料,利用铝甑试验台、元素分析、红外分析(FTIR)等方法,对不同温度下垃圾热解液体产物的性质进行研究。结果表明:热解终温600℃,升温速率20℃/min时垃圾的热解液产率最高;600℃的垃圾热解油含氧量最低,为20.28%,热值达到31.42 MJ/kg;各温度下垃圾热解液的含水率为20%~30%,酸值大于30 mg/g(KOH),灰分在600℃时达到最大,为0.25%;通过热解油的FTIR分析,垃圾热解油中含有酚类、醛类、羧酸类、酮类、芳香烃类、脂肪族等多种组分,其中600℃下垃圾热解油的芳香烃类物质较多,羧酸类物质较少。 相似文献
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