炼油厂厂界恶臭强度分级评估

石油炼制是产生恶臭污染的重点行业之一,恶臭强度是评估恶臭污染程度的重要参数。以炼油厂厂界大气特征污染物为研究对象,综合考虑检出率、嗅阈值和物质浓度3项指标,采用指标评分法筛选出厂界主要恶臭污染物硫化氢、氨、甲苯和二甲苯。基于韦伯-费希纳定律构建了恶臭强度分级评估方法,以某炼油厂为例进行了厂界恶臭强度评估,结果表明,厂界恶臭强度值为0.63,属于Ⅱ级(轻污染),硫化氢是恶臭强度的主要贡献源。应用感官测定法验证了该评估方法的可靠性。从恶臭管理的角度看,炼油厂在厂界达标排放的基础上应进一步实施恶臭污染综合治理措施,以改善周边的环境质量。     

含硫气田恶臭气体阈限值与恶臭强度的关系

介绍了恶臭强度的6级分类法,针对含硫气田典型的5种含硫恶臭化合物,利用韦伯-费希纳公式研究了气体浓度和恶臭强度的关系,计算并分析了我国环境标准和职业卫生标准规定的阈限值对应的恶臭强度。GB/T14554—1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》规定一级厂界浓度标准限值对应的恶臭强度为2.5左右,二级新改扩建厂界标准限值对应恶臭强度为2.8左右。我国国家职业卫生标准GBZ 2.1—2007中规定的含硫恶臭气体职业接触限值对应的恶臭强度均在4以上。     

恶臭的测定与证人

介绍了恶臭的测定和评价方法及有关知识。重点介绍了日本恶臭防止法所规定的仪器分析法和官能法中的三点比较式臭袋法，并从原理、应用方面对这两种分析方法进行了分析对比。此外，还介绍了目前国内外常用的恶臭评价标准。     

恶臭的测定与评价

介绍了恶臭的测定和评价方法及有关知识。重点介绍了日本恶臭防止法所规定的仪器分析法和官能法中的三点比较式臭袋法，并从原理、应用方面对这两种分析方法进行了分析对比。此外，还介绍了目前国内外常用的恶臭评价标准。     

恶臭治理

恶臭污染是石油练制行业的特征污染之一,作为环境公害已为当今世界所公认。石油炼制过程中产生的大量含硫恶臭废气不仅使人难以忍受,而且严重危害人民身心健康。随着公众环境意识的加强,大气环境恶臭污染问题受到越来越多的关注。我公司从上世纪90年代开始恶臭污染的治理研究,先后与上海交通大学、大连理工大学、中科院等高院校和国家科研机构合作,并吸收美国Conoco公司恶臭污染治理的成功经验,成功开发了恶臭污染治理新工艺以及相应的专用吸收剂。该新工艺已在中国石化广州分公司、中国石化茂名     

炼油恶臭污染治理技术在中国石化天津分公司的应用实例

简述了炼油装置区恶臭污染源的主要分布、恶臭气体组成和排放规律,介绍了恶臭治理的基本方法。通过治理实例,重点分析了目前常用的吸收法、燃烧法、生物法和吸附法等恶臭治理技术的优势和相对不足,并对恶臭治理应用技术方案的选择提出建议。     

废气生物处理填料的特点与选择依据

介绍了去除挥发性有机污染物及恶臭物质的生物反应器中常用填料的种类和性质,比较了它们的特点和适用条件,阐述了实际应用中填料的含水率、pH和压力损失等的控制方法.     

恶臭气体生物处理技术研究进展

介绍了恶臭气体的种类、危害、特征、处理方法及原理；概述了恶臭气体的3种主要生物处理方法：生物滤池、生物滴滤池和生物洗涤器，介绍3种方法的工艺流程、技术特点及最新研究进展；提出了生物法处理恶臭气体亟需解决的问题及研究方向。     

工厂环境恶臭预测方法的探讨

在Weber-Fechner定律的基础上,提出了一个新的恶臭预测模式,并结合某铝材厂扩建工程的恶臭预测评价,对该模式进行了参数估值和模式验证,结果表明该模式较为理想。     

低温等离子体治理恶臭气体研究进展

介绍了恶臭气体的分类和来源、传统的除臭方法以及这些方法的缺点;简述了低温等离子体产生的方法及其治理恶臭气体的机理;论述了介质阻挡放电、脉冲电晕放电、滑动弧光放电和其他方法在除臭方面的国内外研究进展;指出了利用等离子体治理恶臭气体存在的主要问题及其今后的研究方向。     

#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置大气污染源分析及治理

石化企业的酸性水汽提装置、酸性干气脱硫装置和硫磺回收装置统称为#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置。对#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置所采用的工艺流程进行详细分析,得出#x0201c;两酸#x0201d;装置的有组织排放大气污染物主要为SO₂和NO_x,无组织排放大气污染物主要为H₂S、NH₃、有机硫化物和烃类。无组织排放源集中在各单元反应器、储罐和酸性气管线。针对无组织排放源,从防止逸散和恶臭治理两个方面提出了相应的污染防治措施,并比较了溶剂吸收法、燃烧法、湿法化学吸收法等目前常用的恶臭治理技术的优缺点。     

低温等离子体协同催化降解含硫恶臭污染物

采用共沉淀—喷涂法制备了（Cu5Mn7Zr1O22）0.08/（γ-Al2O3）0.1/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷催化剂。表征结果显示：催化剂孔隙率较高,表面均匀分散着粒径介于20~100 nm的晶体颗粒。以硫化氢和乙硫醇为典型含硫恶臭污染物进行了低温等离子体协同催化降解实验,结果表明：污染物的降解率随着输入功率的增加而提高;与单纯低温等离子体相比,低温等离子体协同催化能获得更好的降解效果。降解机理可能为：在高能电子和活性粒子作用下,H2S或C2H5SH分子中键能较弱的H—S、C—S和C—C键断裂形成·SH、·C2H5、·CH2SH、·CH3等小碎片基团,这些小碎片基团进一步发生聚合、氧化或自由基链式反应,最终降解为CO2、SO2、SO3、H2O等无毒小分子。     

Odor compounds in waste gas emissions from agricultural operations and food industries

In the last decades, large-scale agricultural operations and food industries have increased. These operations generate numerous types of odors. The reduction of land areas available for isolation of agricultural and food processing industrial operations from the public area and the increase in sensitivity and demand of the general public for a clean and pleasant environment have forced all of these industries to control odor emissions and toxic air pollutants. To develop environmentally sound, sustainable agricultural and food industrial operations, it is necessary to integrate research that focuses on modern analytical techniques and latest sensory technology of measurement and evaluation of odor and pollution, together with a fundamental knowledge of factors that are the basic units contributing to the production of odor and pollutants. Without a clear understanding of what odor is, how to measure it, and where it originates, it will be difficult to control the odor. The present paper reviews the available information regarding odor emissions from agricultural operations and food industries by giving an overview about odor problems, odor detection and quantification, and identifying the sources and the mechanisms that contribute to the odor emissions. Finally, ways of reducing or controlling the odor problem are discussed.     

Monitoring of odor compounds produced by solid waste treatment plants with diffusive samplers

Nuisance caused by odors is one of the most important problems for waste management plants. To control an odor nuisance, it must first be quantified. The analytical difficulties in odor measurements are related to the high number of volatile components (belonging to several chemical classes), above all when the concentration is lower than the detection limit of the technique used for the measurement. In this work, 2-butanone, alpha-pinene, tetrachloroethylene, dimethyldisulfide, beta-pinene, limonene, phenol and benzoic acid are determined, because they are representative of some important classes of compounds with higher odor impact. The compounds are sampled with thermal desorbable radial diffusive samplers Radiello containing Tenax cartridges. The analytical repeatability and the complete thermal desorption of the cartridges were verified for each odor compound; the relative standard deviations for repeated samples and the recovery percentage were, respectively, less than 7% and about 97% for all compounds. The measurements of the linearity of sampling showed no systematic difference according to the collection period. The comparison between the odor threshold and the limit of detection demonstrated that this method is reliable for the recognition and quantification of odor compounds, allowing Public Administration to impose legal limits and the control agencies to verify them.     

Estimation of odor emission rate from landfill areas using the sniffing team method

The monitoring of the odor annoyance generated by a landfill area is difficult, since it is a multi-area-sources problem, with a discontinuous odor emission. This paper proposes an adaptation of the method of sniffing team campaigns to the particular case of fresh waste odors. The method is based on the field determination of odor perception points, followed by data processing with a bi-Gaussian-type model, adapted to handle the odors. In a first step, field observers delineate the region in which odor impact is experienced and then the emission rate is manipulated in a dispersion model until the predicted size of the impact zone matches that observed in the field. In a second step the adjusted emission rate is entered into the model to calculate the percentiles corresponding to the average annoyance zone. The originality of the proposed method is the introduction of all observation points and of all recorded meteorological data into the model. The paper discusses the method limitations and the errors induced on the results, i.e. the odor emission rate and the percentile lines (or iso-concentration lines) which are used to describe the odor concentrations on a map of the surroundings of the plant. The proposed method proves to be reliable for diffuse sources, such as landfill areas. The obtained results are coherent with other results found in the literature with other techniques.     

Odor Control for Land Application of Lime Stabilized Biosolids

Over three million dry metric tons of biosolids produced in the United States are land applied as Class B. Lime stabilization is employed for biosolids treatment at approximately 20% of the wastewater treatment plants because it is a simple and inexpensive process. During lime stabilization, the pH of sewage sludge is raised above 12 for pathogen inactivation and odor reduction. Lime dose and mixing have been found to greatly reduce odor generation from lime stabilized biosolids. A better quality biosolids product is less likely to create public opposition to land application programs. In this study, land application tests using Class B biosolids were conducted in order to determine whether better mixing can reduce odor generation during the land application of lime stabilized biosolids. The mixing quality of a treatment plant’s lime stabilized biosolids was improved by relocating the lime addition point, which prolonged the mixing time and produced a better mixed biosolids product. Based on field observations of land application, the poorly mixed biosolids were more odorous and offensive prior to incorporation. However, once incorporated into the soil, there was no appreciable odor difference between the biosolids. Another land application study was conducted to assess the odor of unincorporated Class A biosolids and compare it with incorporated Class A biosolids with the soil.     

污水处理固体废弃物污泥的处置方法研究

从生活污水处理工艺出发介绍污泥产生的环节,探究污泥传统处置方法和资源化处置方法,同时对污泥源头减量化方法做了详细论述,最后分析了污泥处置成本的影响因素,对污泥环保处置提供参考与帮助。