水中酚类的色谱测定

测定天然水和饮用水里酚类,通过多孔阴离子一交换树脂的处理,用丙酮洗提,然后由气相色谱法测定.本文介绍的方法,是在测定酚时,可防止酚的氯化、氧化作用和其它反应而引起的损失.一般无机离子和许多有机物质不引起干扰;保留在树脂中的中性有机物可用甲醇洗涤去除.此法对于酚、酚基和氯代酚类可精确测定到PPb到PPm浓度范围.对测定饮用水和地表水里痕量的有机污染物的方法,经多方面的改进得到了进一步     

Fenton试剂对水中酚类物质的去除效果研究

采用Fenton试剂对苯酚、对氯酚、2 ,4 二氯酚、2 ,6 二氯酚、间甲酚、对硝基酚和邻硝基酚模拟水样进行处理 ,并考察了H2 O2 及FeSO4 浓度、pH、反应温度和反应时间对Fenton试剂降解酚类物质的影响 ,得出Fenton试剂降解酚类物质非常有效 ,当H2 O2 浓度为4mmol/L、FeSO4 浓度为 0 .5mmol/L ,在pH为 3 ,室温条件下反应 40min则Fenton试剂对试验所做 7种浓度为 50mmol/L的酚类物质的去除率均在 98%以上。为该工艺处理实际含酚废水提供了科学依据。     

氯酚溶液的γ辐照还原降解研究

氯酚由于氯取代基产生的诱导效应,使其容易受到亲核粒子的攻击而被还原降解.通过测定γ辐照前后氯酚母体、Cl-离子以及反应中间产物的浓度变化,研究了4种氯酚水溶液(4-CP、2-CP、2,4-DCP、2,4,6-TCP)与水合电子ea-q反应的降解脱氯过程.结果表明,在水合电子ea-q还原体系中,4种氯酚的降解脱氯顺序依次为:2,4,6-TCP>2,4-DCP>2-CP>4-CP,多氯酚比单氯酚容易降解脱氯,邻位上的氯原子要比对位上的氯原子更容易去除,苯酚和Cl-是氯酚反应降解的最终产物.另外,4种氯酚的降解和脱氯过程皆遵循一级反应动力学特征,4-CP、2-CP、2,4-DCP和2,4,6-TCP的降解反应常数分别是0.154、0.253、0.750和1.188 kGy-1,脱氯反应常数分别为0.137、0.219、0.251和0.306 kGy-1.     

水的分析方法发展述评(续三)

有机物 Chang(11P)发明一种测定水中酚的方法。酚类物质相继被大网孔阴离子交换树脂选择性吸着、丙酮—水洗脱、二氯甲烷萃取和蒸发浓缩后,用气相色谱法测定。对于ppb和ppm水平的苯酚、烷基和氯化酚,该法均能给出准确的结果。这篇文章还谈到一种浓缩和测定饮用水中卤代甲烷的技术,也     

Fenton试剂降解水中酚类物质的研究

采用Fenton试剂对苯酚、对氯酚、2，4-二氯酚、2，6-二氯酚、间甲酚、对硝基酚和邻硝基酚模拟水样进行处理，并考察了H2O2及FeSO4浓度、pH、反应温度和反应时间对Fenton试剂降解酚类物质的影响，得出Fenton试剂降解酚类物质非常有效，当H2O2浓度为4mmol／L、FeSO4浓度为0．5mmol／L，在pH为3，室温条件下反应40min则Fenton试剂对试验所做7种浓度为50mmol／L的酚类物质的去除率均在98％以上。为该工艺处理实际含酚废水提供了科学依据。     

含五氯酚废水的生物降解性和微生物毒性试验

模拟中温厌氧消化反应设备条件,以葡萄糖为共基质,测定了五氯酚的产甲烷毒性及其废水的厌氧可生物降解性．测定条件：ＣＯＤ１１００～１２００ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ７．２～７．４,ＣＯＤ∶ＴＶＳＳ为０．８ 左右,接种污泥未驯化,其产甲烷活性ＣＨ₄／ＶＳＳ为２４０ｍ ｌ／ｇ．试验结果表明,五氯酚是一种对产甲烷活性抑制性较强的物质,当投加浓度小于５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ时产生中度抑制,大于１０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ产生重度抑制,抑制程度与投加浓度大小呈正相关;产甲烷活性被抑制５０％ 的五氯酚浓度约为６ｍ ｇ／Ｌ．五氯酚对产酸阶段抑制程度很小,含不同浓度的五氯酚废水ＣＯＤ转化率稳定在７０％ 左右,但ＣＯＤ不能完全矿化,导致以丙酸、乙酸为主的有机酸积累,无丁酸积累．五氯酚去除率可达７０％ ～８０％ ．用反应终点的甲烷转化率、酸化率、残余挥发酸百分率等特性参数能较好地表征反应体系产酸菌与产甲烷菌的活性及其被抑制情况     

用Folin-Ciocalteau酚试剂测定天然水中多酚物质的研究

本文叙述了用4一氨基安替比林、重氮磺胺酸和 F—C 酚试剂测定天然水中酸类.试剂与方法酚类合成的化合物是分析纯,天然酚系物质包括丹宁酸、丹宁、黄腐酸以及天然水试样。丹宁酸是一种中国五倍子的提取物,     

气相色谱法测定水中酚类物质

酚类物质广泛存在于工业生产的废水中，多种酚类已被列入国家环境监测物质名单中。苯酚、甲酚及二氯酚在生产和生活废水中广泛存在。采用有效、快捷的分析方法．是防止居民用水受污染，保证人类健康的重要手段，本文对苯酚、甲酚、氯酚进行了分析测定。     

直接电流法测定酚

本文提出了一种测定酚的新方法——直接电流法。用金电极为工作电极,银-氯化银电极为对电极(也是参考电极)。在0.075M Na_2B_4O_7和0.14M KCl溶液中,外加恒定电压650mV时,酚在金电极上发生氧化反应所产生的电流与溶液中酚的含量成正比。 此法简易、快速、可以测定ppm—ppb数量级的酚。用此法测定了焦化废水中的总酚,结果较为满意。     

氯仿萃取紫外分光光度法测定工业废水中的酚

采用氯仿萃取紫外分光光度法测定废水中酚时,可以萃取代替蒸馏步骤,有利排除干扰物质;在272nm波长处,测定氯仿萃取液。方法的灵敏度与直接比色法(4-氨基安替比啉法)相近。捡出限为0.2mg/l;线性范围为0.2～2.4mg/l。对4种工业废水测定的变异系数为2.8％～6.2％。实验部分一、仪器及试剂(一)仪器1.751型紫外可见分光光度计;2.500ml分液漏斗。(二)试剂1.无酚水于每升蒸馏水中加入0.2g活性炭,充分振摇后,放置过夜后,过滤于硬质玻璃瓶中,备用;2.酚标准贮备液称取1.0g分析纯酚,溶于新煮过     

Changes of main secondary metabolites in leaves of Ginkgo biloba in response to ozone fumigation

To investigate the effect of elevated O3 on the accumulation of main secondary metabolites in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., four-year-old trees were exposed in open-top chambers with ambient air and the air with twice ambient O3 concentration in Shenyang in 2006.Elevated O3 increased the concentrations of terpenes, but decreased the concentrations of phenolics in G.biloba leaves.The results showed that secondary compounds from G.biloba leaves responded to the elevated O3 exposure in a different way when compared to previous studies which showed elevated O3 increased the concentrations of phenolics but had no effect on the terpenes in leaves of other deciduous trees.Furthermore, reduced synthesis of phenolics may decrease the resistance of G.biloba to O3 and other environmental factors.On the other hand, the induced synthesis of terpenes may enhance the antioxidant abilities in G.biloba leaves at the end of O3 fumigation.     

The effects of temperature on decomposition and allelopathic phytotoxicity of boneseed litter

Decomposition of plant litter is a fundamental process in ecosystem function, carbon and nutrient cycling and, by extension, climate change. This study aimed to investigate the role of temperature on the decomposition of water soluble phenolics(WSP), carbon and soil nutrients in conjunction with the phytotoxicity dynamics of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera(boneseed) litter. Treatments consisted of three factors including decomposition materials(litter alone, litter with soil and soil alone), decomposition periods and temperatures(5–15, 15–25and 25–35°C(night/day)). Leachates were collected on 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 th days to analyse physico-chemical parameters and phytotoxicity. Water soluble phenolics and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) increased with increasing temperature while nutrients like SO-24 and NO-13 decreased. Speed of germination, hypocotyl and radical length and weight of Lactuca sativa exposed to leachates were decreased with increasing decomposition temperature. All treatment components had significant effects on these parameters. There had a strong correlation between DOC and WSP, and WSP content of the leachates with radical length of test species. This study identified complex interactivity among temperature, WSP, DOC and soil nutrient dynamics of litter occupied soil and that these factors work together to influence phytotoxicity.     

水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波性能的影响

目的研究水热反应时间对氧化锌吸波性能的影响,以获得高性能吸波材料。方法通过控制水热反应时间,制备不同形貌的氧化锌半导体材料,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM等表征手段,分析水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料形貌及结构的影响。利用矢量网络分析仪测定该材料在2~18 GHz频率范围内的相对复介电常数和复磁导率,采用MATLAB模拟分析不同厚度下水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波机制及吸波性能的影响。结果当水热反应时间为12 h时,氧化锌在高频率处可达到较好的吸波效果,最大回波损耗可达?52.86 dB。结论通过控制水热反应时间,可实现对氧化锌的形貌进行调控,进而得到吸波性能优异的氧化锌吸波材料。     

CMC改性纳米Fe/Cu双金属模拟PRB去除地下水中2,4-二氯苯酚

使用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）对纳米零价铁（NZVI）改性,并将铜（Cu）作为复合金属,制得改性纳米Fe/Cu双金属.同时采用模拟反应柱模拟可渗透反应墙（PRB）去除地下水中2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）的反应过程.改性前后材料的表征以及沉降实验结果表明,改性后的材料有更强分散性.通过考察污染物浓度、材料投加量、Cu的负载率、pH值、流量等因素对降解2,4-DCP的影响,结果表明：反应过程符合一级动力学模型,较低的pH值与较小的流速以及10%的Cu负载率有利于2,4-DCP脱氯,过多的材料投加量和过高的初始2,4-DCP浓度不利于其脱氯.     

聚硅氧烷添加剂的合成研究

聚烷氧基硅氧烷一般是由正硅酸甲酯或正硅酸乙酯水解缩聚制得.选择了反应活性小,水解速度较易控制的正硅酸乙酯,制备了稳定的聚乙氧基硅氧烷.简要介绍了正硅酸乙酯水解缩聚的反应机理,分析了水用量和催化剂用量对合成反应以及产物的影响.     

Properties and effects of remaining carbon from waste plastics gasifying on iron scale reduction

The carbonous activities of three kinds of carbon-bearing materials gasified from plastics were tested with coal coke as reference. The results showed that the carbonous activities of these remaining carbon-bearing materials were higher than that of coal-coke. Besides, the fractal analyses showed that the porosities of remaining carbon-bearing materials were higher than that of coal-coke. It revealed that these kinds of remaining carbon-bearing materials are conducive to improve the kinetics conditions of gas-solid phase reaction in iron scale reduction.     

介质材料在可渗透反应墙中的应用进展

可渗透反应墙正发展成为修复污染地下水技术的新方向,其中介质材料是可渗透反应墙成功修复污染地下水的关键。可渗透反应墙介质材料可以细分为还原型、吸附型、沉淀型和降解型介质材料等四类,并分别从不同类型的介质材料的反应机理、应用情况以及存在的问题等方面加以阐述。可渗透反应墙介质材料的选择应在其反应机理的基础上,结合实际的地下水环境条件、污染源、人类活动和经济费用等加以综合考虑,以保证可渗透反应墙长期有效经济安全地运行。     

Highly controlled nest homeostasis of honey bees helps deactivate phenolics in nectar

Honey bees have a highly developed nest homeostasis, for example, maintaining low CO₂ levels and stable nest temperatures at 35°C.We investigate the role of nest homeostasis in deactivating phenolic compounds present in the nectar of Aloe littoralis. We show that the phenolic content in nectar was reduced (from 0.65% to 0.49%) after nectar was incubated in a nest of Apis cerana, and that it was reduced still more (from 0.65% to 0.37%) if nectar was mixed with hypopharyngeal gland proteins (HGP) of worker bees before being placed inside a nest. HGP had little effect on samples outside a nest, indicating that nest conditions are necessary for HGP to deactivate phenolics in nectar. Consequently, the highly controlled nest homeostasis of honey bees facilitates direct deactivation of phenolics in nectar, and plays a role in the action of HGP as well.     

Adsorption of formaldehyde vapor by amine-functionalized mesoporous silica materials

The amine-functionalized mesoporous silica materials were prepared via the co-condensation reaction of tetraethoxysilane and three types of organoalkoxysilanes： 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, n-（2-aminoethyl）-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-（2-（2- aminoehtylamino）ethylamino） propyl-trimethoxysilane. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as a template for forming pores, Specific surface area and pore volume of the amine-functionalized mesoporous silica materials were determined using surface area and pore size analyzer. Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscope was employed for identifying the functional groups on pore surface. In addition, the amine-functionalized mesoporous silica materials were applied as adsorbents for adsorbing formaldehyde vapor. FTIR spectra showed the evidence of the reaction between formaldehyde molecules and amine groups on pore surface of adsorbents. The equilibrium data of formaldehyde adsorbed on the adsorbents were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm. The sample functionalized from n-（2-aminoethyl）-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane showed the highest adsorption capacity owing to its amine groups and the large pore diameter.     

新型绿色环保建筑材料对建筑工程造价管理的影响研究

随着绿色建筑生态学的发展,运用新型绿色环保建筑材料已成为较为前沿的建筑手段,但不同绿色环保材料存在着造价特殊性质,因此文中提出新型绿色环保建筑材料对建筑工程造价管理的影响分析方法.首先,结合数字高程模型,将各个环保建材的造价参数当成目标向量,通过运用盒子覆盖法实现造价分布概率的求解与统计,再将造价进行量化,并对建材造价的特殊性质进行有效描述,结合造价分析结果研究了新型绿色环保建筑材料的利用情况,对不同生态建筑景观空间规划分布于不同造价区间的实际情况进行了表述,反应不同建材的造价影响,从而获得建材与造价的约束性影响关系.实验证明了分析模型的正确性.